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Theotgaud
Theotgaud (german: Dietgold; died 868) was the archbishop of Trier from 850 until his deposition in 867. He was the abbot of Mettlach prior to his election in 847 to succeed his uncle, Hetto, as archbishop. Life He took up his post three years later, but was inadequately trained in theology and politically and administratively inept. He attempted to claim the primacy of Trier over Rheims, but this failed due to the opposition of Hincmar of Rheims. In 857, the ''Annales Bertiniani'' reported that a dog sat on the archiepiscopal throne of Trier, which was interpreted as an omen portending the fall of Theotgaud. In the middle of June 863, Theotgaud and Gunther, Archbishop of Cologne, the two archbishops of Gallia Belgica, presided over the synod of Lotharingian bishops at Metz held at the bequest of Lothair II concerning his abandonment of his first wife Teutberga and his union with his mistress Waldrada. Teutberga took refuge in the court of Lothair's uncle, Charles the Bald, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertulf, Archbishop Of Trier
Bertulf (or Bartholf or Barthold) (died 883) was the Archbishop of Trier from 869 until his death. After the Archbishop of Trier Theotgaud was excommunicated by Pope Nicholas I in October 863 in Rome and deposed, and died in Rome in 868, Charles the Bald managed in 869 to have his candidate, Bertulf, appointed as Theotgaud's successor and confirmed by the Pope. Bertulf had previously been abbot of Mettlach. His election ended the long period of ''sede vacante''. Charles also awarded the new Archbishop the crown estate of Merzig. The election of Bertulf was a provocation to Louis the German, who then set up his own candidate. This was Bertulf's brother Waldo, abbot of St. Maximin's Abbey in Trier. Eight years previously, he had been convicted of disloyalty at the Imperial Diet in Regensburg along with his brothers Udo and Berengar and their uncle Ernest, and like them, had been stripped of his offices and titles. His candidacy, however, foundered at the opposition of the other Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hetto, Archbishop Of Trier
Hetto (died 847) was the Archbishop of Trier from 814 until his death. In this capacity he was both a political and ecclesiastical leader. Life Louis the Pious confirmed to Hetto the privilege of immunity from the saecular courts. This had been previously granted to Bishop Wermad who served before Trier was made an archiepiscopal see. In 829 Hetto was among a number of bishops who participated in the Synod of Mainz to hear the case of Gottschalk of Orbais, monk of the monastery of Fulda, against Rabanus Maurus, his abbot. Gottschalk's father had placed him at the abbey as a child oblate along with a gift of land. (The Tenth Council of Toledo of 656 forbade their acceptance before the age of ten and granted them free permission to leave the monastery, if they wished, when they reached the age of puberty.) Gottschalk maintained that the abbot subsequently compelled him to receive the tonsure and take the monastic vows. He sought his freedom and the return of his land, arguing that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
868 Deaths
__NOTOC__ Year 868 ( DCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * King Charles the Bald meets his brother Louis the German at Metz. They agree to a partition of Lotharingia, which belonged to former emperor Lothair I (now in possession of his sons Lothair II and Louis II). * Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, leads a joint campaign against the Loire Vikings. He is forced to defend southeastern Brittany unaided, and mobilizes levies raised at Poitiers to defeat the Vikings. * Al-Andalus: The city of Mérida rises against the Umayyad rule. Emir Muhammad I regains control, and has the walls of the city destroyed. He supports the rival creation of Badajoz in retaliation. * The County of Portugal is established around the town of ''Portus Cale'' (present-day Porto) by Vímara Peres, an Asturian nobleman, after the reconquest from the Moors of the region north of the Douro River. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Metz (863)
The Council of Metz of 863 was arranged by Pope Nicholas I to discuss the divorce case of Lothar II, king of Lotharingia, and his wife Theutberga. The council was mainly attended by Lothar II's supporters, and thus concluded the divorce case in his favour; this decision was later overruled by Pope Nicholas I who suspected foul play. It was the fourth and final council called during the reign of Lothar II. No documents from the council survive, but as the council was controversial it is discussed in other medieval sources such as the letters of Pope Nicholas I, the ''Annals of St Bertin'', the ''Annals of Fulda'' and the ''Liber Pontificalis''. Background Divorce case Lothar II and Theutberga were married in 855 in a political alliance to secure the kingdom, when Lothar was a young king. Prior to this, he had an undefined relationship with a noble woman named Waldrada, who bore him children, most notably a son named Hugh. By 857 Lothar deemed his marriage to Theutberga undesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Nicholas I
Pope Nicholas I ( la, Nicolaus I; c. 800 – 13 November 867), called Nicholas the Great, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 24 April 858 until his death. He is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority, exerting decisive influence on the historical development of the papacy and its position among the Christian nations of Western Europe. Nicholas I asserted that the pope should have suzerainty over all Christians, even royalty, in matters of faith and morals. Nicholas refused King Lothair II of Lotharingia's request for an annulment of his marriage to Teutberga. When a council pronounced in favor of annulment, Nicholas I declared the council deposed, its messengers excommunicated, and its decisions invalid. Despite pressure from the Carolingians, who laid siege to Rome, his decision held. During his reign, relations with the Byzantine Empire soured because of his support for Patriarch Ignatios of Constantinople, who had been removed from his post in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishop Of Trier
The Diocese of Trier, in English historically also known as ''Treves'' (IPA "tɾivz") from French ''Trèves'', is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic church in Germany."Diocese of Trier" ''''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016"Diocese of Trier" ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016 When it was the archbishopric and Electorate of Trier, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engelberga
Engelberga (or Angilberga, died between 896 and 901) was the wife of Emperor Louis II and thus Carolingian empress to his death on 12 August 875.Bougard, François (1993)"ENGELBERGA (Enghelberga, Angelberga), imperatrice"‘’Treccani’’. As empress, she exerted a powerful influence over her husband. Engelberga was probably the daughter of Adelchis I of Spoleto and a member of one of the most powerful families in the Kingdom of Italy at that time, the Supponids. Born around 830, Engelberga probably spent her youth in Pavia. She married Louis II in 860, after being his concubine for roughly ten years, but did not play a role in political life until after the death of his father, Lothair I, in 855. Upon his death, Lothair's kingdom was divided between his three sons and, as the eldest, Louis received Italy and the title of emperor. Engelberga had far more political influence than was usual of a queen, partially due to Louis' love for her. Engelberga's active participation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishop Of Trier
The Diocese of Trier, in English historically also known as ''Treves'' (IPA "tɾivz") from French ''Trèves'', is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic church in Germany."Diocese of Trier" ''''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016"Diocese of Trier" ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016 When it was the archbishopric and Electorate of Trier, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Gregorio Magno Al Celio
San Gregorio Magno al Celio, also known as San Gregorio al Celio or simply San Gregorio, is a church in Rome, Italy, which is part of a monastery of monks of the Camaldolese branch of the Benedictine Order. On 10 March 2012, the 1,000th anniversary of the founding of the Camaldolese in 1012 was celebrated here at a Vespers service attended by Anglican and Catholic prelates and jointly led by Pope Benedict XVI and Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury. San Gregorio is located on the Caelian Hill, in front of the Palatine. Next to the basilica and monastery is a convent of nuns and a homeless shelter run by Mother Teresa of Calcutta's congregation, the Missionaries of Charity. History The church had its beginning as a simple oratory added to a family ''villa suburbana'' of Pope Gregory I, who converted the villa into a monastery, –80, before his election as pope (590). Saint Augustine of Canterbury was prior of the monastery before leading the Gregorian mission to the An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monte Cassino
Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of . Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is widely known for its abbey, the first house of the Benedictine Order, having been established by Benedict of Nursia himself around 529. It was for the community of Monte Cassino that the Rule of Saint Benedict was composed. The first monastery on Monte Cassino was sacked by the invading Lombards around 570 and abandoned. Of the first monastery almost nothing is known. The second monastery was established by Petronax of Brescia around 718, at the suggestion of Pope Gregory II and with the support of the Lombard Duke Romuald II of Benevento. It was directly subject to the pope and many monasteries in Italy were under its authority. In 883, the monastery was sacked by Saracens and abandoned again. The community of monks resided first at Teano and then from 914 at Capua befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lay Communion
''Lay communion'' is a term applied in the Catholic Church, to describe the status of a cleric who is in communion with the Church, but only with the standing of a lay person. In modern times lay communion is sometimes imposed, but only in exceptional cases. Origins The primitive discipline of the Church established a different punishment for certain crimes according as they were committed by laymen or clerics. The former entailed a shorter and ordinarily lighter penance than the latter, which were punished with a special penalty. The layman was excluded from the community of the faithful, the cleric was excluded from the hierarchy and reduced to the ''lay communion'', that is to say, he was forbidden to exercise his functions. The nature of this latter punishment is not quite certain. According to one opinion, it consisted in excommunication, together with a prohibition to receive the Eucharist; according to another, the penitent was allowed to receive Holy Communion but only w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Adrian II
Pope Adrian II ( la, Adrianus II; also Hadrian II; 79214 December 872) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 867 to his death. He continued the policy of his predecessor, Nicholas I. Despite seeking good relations with Louis II of Italy, he was placed under surveillance, and his wife and daughters were killed by Louis' supporters. Family Adrian was a member of a noble Roman family. In his youth, he married a woman named Stephania and had a daughter with her. Adrian was selected to become pope on 14 December 867. He was already at an advanced age, and objected to assuming the papacy. His wife and daughter moved with him to the Lateran Palace. Pontificate Adrian II maintained, but with less energy, the policies of his predecessor, Nicholas I. King Lothair II of Lotharingia, who died in 869, left Adrian to mediate between the Frankish kings with a view to secure the imperial inheritance to Lothair's brother, Louis II of Italy. Adrian sought to maintain good ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
