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Racism In The United States
Racism in the United States comprises negative attitudes and views on race or ethnicity which are related to each other, are held by various people and groups in the United States, and have been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices and actions (including violence) at various times in the history of the United States against racial or ethnic groups. Throughout American history, white Americans have generally enjoyed legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights, which have been denied to members of various ethnic or minority groups at various times. European Americans, particularly affluent white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, are said to have enjoyed advantages in matters of education, immigration, voting rights, citizenship, land acquisition, and criminal procedure. Racism against various ethnic or minority groups has existed in the United States since the early colonial era. Before 1865, most African Americans were enslaved and even afterwards, they have faced seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teen Vogue
''Teen Vogue'' is an American online publication, formerly in print, launched in January 2003, as a sister publication to ''Vogue (magazine), Vogue'', targeted at teenagers. Like ''Vogue'', it included stories about fashion and celebrities. Since 2015, following a steep decline in sales, the magazine cut back on its print distribution in favor of online content, which has grown significantly. The magazine had also expanded its focus from fashion and beauty to include politics and current affairs. In November 2017, it was announced ''Teen Vogue'' would cease in print and continue online-only as part of a new round of cost cuts. The final print issue featured Hillary Clinton on the cover, and was on newsstands on December 5, 2017. History ''Teen Vogue'' was established in 2003 as a spinoff of ''Vogue'' and led by former ''Vogue'' beauty director Amy Astley under the guidance of Anna Wintour with Gina Sanders as founding publisher. The magazine was published in a smaller 6¾"x9" form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncle Tom Syndrome
Uncle Tom syndrome is a theory in multicultural psychology referring to a coping skill in which individuals use passivity and submissiveness when confronted with a threat, leading to subservient behaviour and appeasement, while concealing their true thoughts and feelings. Overview The term "Uncle Tom" comes from the title character of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel ''Uncle Tom's Cabin'', where an enslaved African American, Tom, is beaten to death for refusing to betray the whereabouts of two other enslaved people. In Stowe's novel Uncle Tom is a heroic character, loyal to the slaves in hiding, but the original producers of the stage version of the story "grossly distorted" the character into a man who would sell out his own race to curry favor with white people. This version of Uncle Tom was designed to be more favourable to audiences of the late 1850's and it is he, not the original, that the slur refers to. In the American racial context, "Uncle Tom" is a pejorative term for A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stop And Frisk
A ''Terry'' stop in the United States allows the police to briefly detain a person based on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity. ("In ''Terry v. Ohio'', 392 U. S. 1, 30 (1968), we held that the police can stop and briefly detain a person for investigative purposes if the officer has a reasonable suspicion supported by articulable facts that criminal activity "may be afoot," even if the officer lacks probable cause.") Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard than probable cause which is needed for arrest. When police stop and search a pedestrian, this is commonly known as a stop and frisk. When police stop an automobile, this is known as a traffic stop. If the police stop a motor vehicle on minor infringements in order to investigate other suspected criminal activity, this is known as a pretextual stop. Additional rules apply to stops that occur on a bus. In the United States at the federal level, the Supreme Court has published many cases that define the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shopping While Black
"Shopping while black" is a phrase used for the type of marketplace discrimination that is also called "consumer racial profiling", "consumer racism" or "racial profiling in a retail setting". Shopping while black describes the experience of being denied service or given poor service because one is black. Overview "Shopping while black" involves a black person being followed around or closely monitored by a clerk or guard who suspects they may steal, but it can also involve being denied store access, being refused service, use of ethnic slurs, being searched, being asked for extra forms of identification, having purchases limited, being required to have a higher credit limit than other customers, being charged a higher price, or being asked more rigorous questions on applications. It could also mean a request for any item the store actually carries being denied with the store attendant claiming that the item does not exist or is not in stock. This can be the result of store policy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Running While Black
Running while Black is a sardonic description of racial profiling experienced by Black runners in the United States and Canada. In the United States, jogging gained popularity after World War II, and has largely been portrayed by American media as an activity typically engaged in by White people; joggers of color are treated with suspicion. Black runners report taking precautions such as wearing bright colors to appear non-threatening, avoiding running outside of daylight hours, running in groups for safety, and avoiding running fast enough to appear to be "running away from something." In 2021, Lyndsey Hornbuckle found that the issue was particularly common when Black people were running in White neighborhoods, and especially higher socioeconomic White neighborhoods. Sonia Sanchez's 1968 play '' The Bronx is Next'' includes a scene in which a White police officer arrests a Black person for running while Black. The 2001 US Supreme Court case ''Illinois v. Wardlow'', which upheld ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minority Stress
Minority stress describes high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups. It may be caused by a number of factors, including poor social support and low socioeconomic status; well understood causes of minority stress are interpersonal prejudice and discrimination. Indeed, numerous scientific studies have shown that when minority individuals experience a high degree of prejudice, this can cause stress responses (e.g., high blood pressure, anxiety) that accrue over time, eventually leading to poor mental and physical health.Meyer, I. H., & Northridge, M. E. (Eds.). (2007). ''The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations.'' New York: Springer. Minority stress theory summarizes these scientific studies to explain how difficult social situations lead to chronic stress and poor health among minority individuals. Theoretical development Emergence Over the past three decades, social scientist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Henryism
John Henryism (JH) is a strategy for coping with prolonged exposure to stresses such as social discrimination by expending high levels of effort which results in accumulating physiological costs. Origins The term was conceived in the 1970s by African-American epidemiologist and public health researcher Sherman James while he was investigating racial health disparities between Black people and others in North Carolina. One of the people he interviewed was a black man, who, despite being born into an impoverished sharecropper family and having only a second grade education, could read and write. The man had freed himself and his children from the sharecropper system, had of farmed land by age 40, but by his 50s, he had hypertension, arthritis, and severe peptic ulcer disease. His name, John Henry Martin, and his circumstances were evocative of folk hero John Henry, an African American who worked vigorously enough to compete successfully with a steam powered machine but die ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 State Of The Union Address
The 2023 State of the Union Address was given by the 46th president of the United States, Joe Biden, on Tuesday, February 7, 2023, at 9:00 p.m. EST, in the chamber of the House of Representatives to the 118th Congress. The televised address was viewed by 27.3 million people across the networks that broadcast it. Biden's second State of the Union was his third speech to a joint session of Congress. Republicans had not had control of the House since 2018. Seated behind the president were Vice President Kamala Harris and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy. McCarthy was presiding over the joint session, while Harris was serving in her capacity as the president of the Senate. Proceedings Article II, Section 3, Clause 1, of the United States Constitution states that the president "shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." On January 13, 2023, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leigh-Anne Pinnock
Leigh-Anne Pinnock (born 4 October 1991) is an English singer, actress and songwriter. She rose to prominence in the 2010s as a member of the girl group Little Mix, one of the world's best-selling girl groups ever. With Little Mix, she released six studio albums and achieved five number-one singles on the UK Singles Chart. While in Little Mix, Pinnock released her documentary '' Leigh-Anne: Race, Pop & Power'' (2021), which was met with critical acclaim. At the 26th National Television Awards, it received a nomination for "Best Authored Documentary". In the same year, she made her acting debut in the film ''Boxing Day'', which became the first British festive rom-com to be led by an all-black cast. Besides music, she is also known for her activism in fighting against racism and in 2020, she won the Equality Award in recognition for her work towards racial equality in the UK. Early life Leigh-Anne Pinnock was born on 4 October 1991, to black mixed-race parents Deborah Thornhil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tinie Tempah
Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu (born 7 November 1988), better known by his stage name Tinie Tempah, is a British rapper. He has been signed to Parlophone Records since 2009, a subsidiary of Warner Music Group. He created his own entertainment company Disturbing London in 2006, along with his cousin Dumi Oburota. After releasing a number of mixtapes, he released his debut album, ''Disc-Overy'', in October 2010. Preceded by two British number-one singles, " Pass Out" and " Written in the Stars", the album charted at number one and was certified Platinum the next year. In February 2011, he won two Brit Awards for Best British Breakthrough Act and Best British Single. In November 2013, he released his second album, entitled '' Demonstration''. Preceded by top ten singles "Trampoline" and " Children of the Sun", the album charted at number three and was certified gold by the BPI the next year. In June 2015, he released "Not Letting Go", the first single from his third album ''Youth''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
