The Smeaton Railway Branches Of The Lothians
The Smeaton railway branches of the Lothians were a group of railway branches in East Lothian and Midlothian, Scotland, in the area between Dalkeith and Haddington. The Duke of Buccleuch's Tramway was opened in 1837 from Dalkeith to Smeaton and Cowden; it was a horse drawn waggonway, with a prodigious viaduct, the ''Victoria Bridge'', over the River South Esk. When the North British Railway purchased and modernised the nearby Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway, there was a call to modernise Buccleuch's railway too, and this culminated in The Monktonhall, Ormiston and Dalkeith Railway, built by the North British Railway. This ran from Monktonhall Junction, on the Edinburgh to Dunbar main line, to Smeaton. There was an eastward branch from Smeaton to Macmerry and a southerly branch from Smeaton passing Dalkeith to the Hawick line. These lines opened in 1866 - 1869, and passenger trains ran from Macmerry to Edinburgh from 1872. Finally the Gifford and Garvald Light Railway was opened f ...
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North British Railway
The North British Railway was a British railway company, based in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was established in 1844, with the intention of linking with English railways at Berwick. The line opened in 1846, and from the outset the company followed a policy of expanding its geographical area, and competing with the Caledonian Railway in particular. In doing so it committed huge sums of money, and incurred shareholder disapproval that resulted in two chairmen leaving the company. Nonetheless the company successfully reached Carlisle, where it later made a partnership with the Midland Railway. It also linked from Edinburgh to Perth and Dundee, but for many years the journey involved a ferry crossing of the Forth and the Tay. Eventually the North British built the Tay Bridge, but the structure collapsed as a train was crossing in high wind. The company survived the setback and opened a second Tay Bridge, followed soon by the Forth Bridge, which together transformed the railway networ ...
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Smeaton Lines 1845
Smeaton may refer to: * Smeaton, East Lothian, a village and estate in Scotland * Smeaton House, East Lothian, a historic site * Smeaton, Saskatchewan, a Canadian community * Smeaton, Victoria, an Australian town * Smeaton (surname), people with the surname See also * Great Smeaton and the neighbouring Little Smeaton, Hambleton in North Yorkshire * Kirk Smeaton and the neighbouring Little Smeaton, Selby Little Smeaton is a village in North Yorkshire. The population of the village at the 2011 Census was 283. It is next to Kirk Smeaton, and the River Went flows through it. It was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. Ety ...

Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke Of Buccleuch
Walter Francis Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch, 7th Duke of Queensberry, (born Walter Francis Montagu-Scott; 25 November 1806 – 16 April 1884), styled Lord Eskdail between 1808 and 1812 and Earl of Dalkeith between 1812 and 1819, was a prominent Scottish nobleman, landowner and politician. He was Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1842 to 1846 and Lord President of the Council. Background and education Buccleuch was born at the Palace of Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland, the fifth child of seven, and second son of Charles Montagu-Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch, and Hon. Harriet Katherine Townshend, daughter of Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney and Elizabeth Powys. When his older brother, George Henry, died at the age of 10 from measles, Walter became heir apparent to the Dukedoms of Buccleuch and Queensberry. He was only thirteen when he succeeded his father to the Dukedoms of Buccleuch and Queensberry in 1819. He was educated at Eton and St John's C ...
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Edinburgh And Dalkeith Railway
The Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway was an early railway built to convey coal from pits in the vicinity of Dalkeith into the capital. It was a horse-operated line, with a terminus at St Leonards on the south side of Arthur's Seat. Opened in stages from 1831, it was Edinburgh's first railway, and used the track gauge of 4 ft 6 in, commonly used for mineral railways in Scotland. The entry into the terminus involved a passage through a tunnel on a rope-worked incline. It was not planned for passengers, but a trader operated passenger services and they were surprisingly successful, and the company later operated them itself. When intercity railways were being planned, the North British Railway wished to reach Carlisle from Edinburgh, and it purchased the Dalkeith line in 1845 to secure part of the route. The new owners altered the gauge to the standard 4 ft  in and laid stronger track for locomotive operation. Part of its main line became incorporated into th ...
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Smeaton Lines 1872
Smeaton may refer to: * Smeaton, East Lothian, a village and estate in Scotland * Smeaton House, East Lothian, a historic site * Smeaton, Saskatchewan, a Canadian community * Smeaton, Victoria, an Australian town * Smeaton (surname), people with the surname See also * Great Smeaton and the neighbouring Little Smeaton, Hambleton in North Yorkshire * Kirk Smeaton and the neighbouring Little Smeaton, Selby Little Smeaton is a village in North Yorkshire. The population of the village at the 2011 Census was 283. It is next to Kirk Smeaton, and the River Went flows through it. It was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. Ety ...

Smeaton Lines 1901
Smeaton may refer to: * Smeaton, East Lothian, a village and estate in Scotland * Smeaton House, East Lothian, a historic site * Smeaton, Saskatchewan, a Canadian community * Smeaton, Victoria, an Australian town * Smeaton (surname), people with the surname See also * Great Smeaton and the neighbouring Little Smeaton, Hambleton in North Yorkshire * Kirk Smeaton and the neighbouring Little Smeaton, Selby Little Smeaton is a village in North Yorkshire. The population of the village at the 2011 Census was 283. It is next to Kirk Smeaton, and the River Went flows through it. It was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. Ety ...

Light Railways Act 1896
The Light Railways Act 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. c.48) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. History Before the Act each new railway line built in the country required a specific Act of Parliament to be obtained by the company that wished to construct it, which greatly added to the cost and time it took to construct new railways. The economic downturn of the 1880s had hit agriculture and rural communities in the United Kingdom especially hard and the government wished to facilitate the construction of railways in rural areas, especially to facilitate the transport of goods. The 1896 Act defined a class of railways which did not require specific legislation to construct – companies could simply plan a line under the auspices of the new Act, and, having obtained a light railway order, build and operate it. By reducing the legal costs and allowing new railways to be built quickly the government hoped to encourage companies to build the new 'l ...
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World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ...
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Railways Act 1921
The Railways Act 1921 (c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an Act of Parliament enacted by the British government and intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies, by "grouping" them into four large companies dubbed the " Big Four". This was intended to move the railways away from internal competition, and retain some of the benefits which the country had derived from a government-controlled railway during and after the Great War of 1914–1918. The provisions of the Act took effect from the start of 1923. History The British railway system had been built up by more than a hundred railway companies, large and small, and often, particularly locally, in competition with each other. The parallel railways of the East Midlands and the rivalry between the South Eastern Railway and the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway at Hastings were two examples of such local competition. During the First World War the railways were under st ...
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London And North Eastern Railway
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was the second largest (after LMS) of the " Big Four" railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain. It operated from 1 January 1923 until nationalisation on 1 January 1948. At that time, it was divided into the new British Railways' Eastern Region, North Eastern Region, and partially the Scottish Region. History The company was the second largest created by the Railways Act 1921. The principal constituents of the LNER were: * Great Eastern Railway * Great Central Railway * Great Northern Railway * Great North of Scotland Railway * Hull and Barnsley Railway * North British Railway * North Eastern Railway The total route mileage was . The North Eastern Railway had the largest route mileage of , whilst the Hull and Barnsley Railway was . It covered the area north and east of London. It included the East Coast Main Line from London to Edinburgh via York and Newcastle upon Tyne and the routes from Edinburgh to ...
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World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ...
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