The Problem Of Social Cost
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The Problem Of Social Cost
"The Problem of Social Cost" (1960) by Ronald Coase, then a faculty member at the University of Virginia, is an article dealing with the economic problem of externalities. It draws from a number of English legal cases and statutes to illustrate Coase's belief that legal rules are only justified by reference to a cost–benefit analysis, and that nuisances that are often regarded as being the fault of one party are more symmetric conflicts between the interests of the two parties. If there are sufficiently low costs of doing a transaction, legal rules would be irrelevant to the maximization of production. Because in the real world there are costs of bargaining and information gathering, legal rules are justified to the extent of their ability to allocate rights to the most efficient right-bearer. Along with an earlier article, “The Nature of the Firm”, "The Problem of Social Cost" was cited by the Nobel committee when Coase was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Scien ...
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Ronald Coase
Ronald Harry Coase (; 29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author. Coase received a bachelor of commerce degree (1932) and a PhD from the London School of Economics, where he was a member of the faculty until 1951. He was the Clifton R. Musser Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School, where he arrived in 1964 and remained for the rest of his life. He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1991. Coase believed economists should study real-world wealth creation, in the manner of Adam Smith, stating, "It is suicidal for the field to slide into a hard science of choice, ignoring the influences of society, history, culture, and politics on the working of the economy." He believed economic study should reduce emphasis on Price Theory or theoretical markets and instead focus on real markets. He established the case for the corporation as a means to pay the costs of operating a marketplace. Coase is best known for t ...
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George Stigler
George Joseph Stigler (; January 17, 1911 – December 1, 1991) was an American economist. He was the 1982 laureate in Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and is considered a key leader of the Chicago school of economics. Early life and education Stigler was born in Seattle, Washington, the son of Elsie Elizabeth (Hungler) and Joseph Stigler. He was of German descent and spoke German in his childhood. He graduated from the University of Washington in 1931 with a BA and then spent a year at Northwestern University from which he obtained his MBA in 1932. It was during his studies at Northwestern that Stigler developed an interest in economics and decided on an academic career. Career After he received a tuition scholarship from the University of Chicago, Stigler enrolled there in 1933 to study economics and went on to earn his PhD in economics there in 1938. He taught at Iowa State College from 1936 to 1938. He spent much of World War II at Columbia University, performi ...
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Fish And Chips
Fish and chips is a popular hot dish consisting of fried fish in crispy batter, served with chips. The dish originated in England, where these two components had been introduced from separate immigrant cultures; it is not known who created the culinary fusion that became the emblematic British meal. Often considered Britain's national dish, fish and chips is a common take-away food in the United Kingdom and numerous other countries, particularly in English-speaking and Commonwealth nations. Fish and chip shops first appeared in the UK in the 1860s, and by 1910, there were over 25,000 fish and chip shops across the UK. By the 1930s there were over 35,000 shops, but the trend reversed, and by 2009 there were only approximately 10,000. The British government safeguarded the supply of fish and chips during the First World War, and again in the Second World War; it was one of the few foods in the UK not subject to rationing during the wars. History The UK tradition of ea ...
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Adams V Ursell
Adams may refer to: * For persons, see Adams (surname) Places United States *Adams, California *Adams, California, former name of Corte Madera, California *Adams, Decatur County, Indiana *Adams, Kentucky *Adams, Massachusetts, a New England town **Adams (CDP), Massachusetts, the central village in the town *Adams, Minnesota * Adams, North Dakota *Adams, Nebraska * Adams, New Jersey * Adams (town), New York ** Adams (village), New York, within the town * Adams, Oklahoma *Adams, Oregon * Adams, Pennsylvania, a former community in Armstrong County *Adams, Tennessee *Adams, Wisconsin, city in Adams County * Adams, Adams County, Wisconsin, town * Adams, Green County, Wisconsin, town * Adams, Jackson County, Wisconsin, town *Adams, Walworth County, Wisconsin, unincorporated community *Adams Center, Wisconsin, a ghost town Elsewhere *Adams (lunar crater) *Adams (Martian crater) *Adams Island, New Zealand, one of the Auckland Islands *Adams, Ilocos Norte Transportation ;Vehicles *Adams ...
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Webb V Bird
Webb most often refers to James Webb Space Telescope which is named after James E. Webb, second Administrator of NASA. It may also refer to: Places Antarctica * Webb Glacier (South Georgia) * Webb Glacier (Victoria Land) *Webb Névé, Victoria Land, the névé at the head of Seafarer Glacier *Webb Nunataks, a group of nunataks in the Neptune Range * Webb Peak (other) Canada * Rural Municipality of Webb No. 138, Saskatchewan ** Webb, Saskatchewan, a village within the rural municipality United States *Webb, Alabama, a town *Webb, Iowa, a city *Webb Lake (Maine) *Webb River, Maine *Webb Memorial State Park, Massachusetts *Webb, Mississippi, a town *Webb City, Missouri, a city *Webb City, Oklahoma, a town *Webb, New York, a town *Webb, Texas, an unincorporated community *Webb County, Texas *Webb Air Force Base, near Big Spring, Texas *Webb Hill, Utah *Webb, West Virginia, an unincorporated community *Webb Canyon, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming The Moon *Webb (crate ...
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Versailles Borough V
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, under the direction of the French Ministry of Culture, by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles. Some 15,000,000 people visit the palace, park, or gardens of Versailles every year, making it one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Louis XIII built a simple hunting lodge on the site of the Palace of Versailles in 1623 and replaced it with a small château in 1631–34. Louis XIV expanded the château into a palace in several phases from 1661 to 1715. It was a favorite residence for both kings, and in 1682, Louis XIV moved the seat of his court and government to Versailles, making the palace the ''de facto'' capital of France. This state of affairs was continued by Kings Louis XV an ...
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Attorney General V Doughty
Attorney may refer to: * Lawyer ** Attorney at law, in some jurisdictions * Attorney, one who has power of attorney * ''The Attorney'', a 2013 South Korean film See also * Attorney general, the principal legal officer of (or advisor to) a government * Attorney's fee, compensation for legal services * Attorney–client privilege * ''Clusia rosea ''Clusia rosea'', the autograph tree, copey, cupey, balsam apple, pitch-apple, and Scotch attorney, is a tropical and sub-tropical flowering plant species in the family Clusiaceae. The name ''Clusia major'' is sometimes misapplied to this species ...
'', Scotch attorney, a tropical and sub-tropical flowering plant species {{disambiguation ...
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Bass V Gregory
''Bass v Gregory'' (1890) is an English tort law and English land law case, concerning a ventilation shaft on under or through adjoining land (a "passage of air"). It was deemed an easement by prescription, having been used without long interruptions for forty years. At the time of the case, the law, and the leading judge made a fine technical distinction between prescription by statute and by the common law doctrine of lost modern grant. Facts Bass and her tenant owned a pub called ''The Jolly Anglers'' in Meadow Road, Beeston, Nottingham. They brought a claim against the owner of neighbouring land (including the cottage in which he lived), Gregory, for blocking a ventilation shaft out of Bass' cellar. Bass brewed beer in the cellar, and the ventilation shaft allowed the fumes to run out of the cellar, through the ground, which connected to Gregory's water well A well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid ...
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Bryant V Lefever
Bryant may refer to: Organizations * Bryant Bank, a bank in Alabama, United States * Bryant Electric Company, an American manufacturer of electrical components * Bryant Homes, a British house builder, part of Taylor Woodrow * Bryant University (formerly Bryant College), a four-year college in Smithfield, Rhode Island * Bryant & Stratton College, a proprietary college in the United States People * Bryant (surname) * Bryant Dunston (born 1986), American-Armenian basketball player * Bryant Koback (born 1998), American football player * Bryant Mix (born 1972), American football player * Bryant McKinnie (born 1979), American football player * Bryant McFadden (born 1981), American football player * Bryant Myers (born 1998), Puerto Rican reggaeton singer * Bryant Reeves (born 1973), American basketball player Places * Bryant, Saskatchewan, Canada * Bryant Range, in the South Island of New Zealand United States * Bryant, Alabama * Bryant, Arkansas * Bryant, Illinois * Br ...
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Cooke V Forbes
Cooke is a surname derived from the occupation of cook. Notable people with the surname include: * Alexander Cooke (died 1614), English actor * Alfred Tyrone Cooke, of the Indo-Pakistani wars * Alistair Cooke KBE (1908–2004), British-American journalist and broadcaster * Amos Starr Cooke (1810–1871), found of Royal School and Castle & Cooke in Hawaii * Anna Rice Cooke (1853–1934), patron of the arts and founder of the Honolulu Academy of Arts * Anthony Cooke (1505–1576), British scholar * Baden Cooke (born 1978), Australian cyclist * Barrie Cooke (born 1931), Irish painter * Bates Cooke, US Representative 1831–1833, and NY State Comptroller 1839–1841 * Benjamin Cooke (1734–1793), British musician * Beryl Cooke (1906–2001), British actress * C. R. Cooke (Conrad Reginald Cooke, 1901–1996), English early Himalayan mountaineer * Charles Cooke (other), several people * Chauncey H. Cooke (1846–1919), American soldier in the U.S. Civil War * Christian C ...
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Fontainebleu Hotel Corp
Fontainebleau (; ) is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the ''arrondissement'' of Fontainebleau. The commune has the largest land area in the Île-de-France region; it is the only one to cover a larger area than Paris itself. The commune is closest to Seine-et-Marne Prefecture, Melun. Fontainebleau, together with the neighbouring commune of Avon and three other smaller communes, form an urban area of 36,724 inhabitants (2018). This urban area is a satellite of Paris. Fontainebleau is renowned for the large and scenic forest of Fontainebleau, a favourite weekend getaway for Parisians, as well as for the historic Château de Fontainebleau, which once belonged to the kings of France. It is also the home of INSEAD, one of the world's most elite business schools. Inhabitants of Fontainebleau are sometimes called '' ...
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