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The Pacific Pumas
The Pacific Pumas are a political and economic grouping of countries along Latin America’s Pacific coast that includes Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The term references the four larger Pacific Latin American emerging markets that share common trends of positive growth, stable macroeconomic foundations, improved governance and an openness to global integration. The term was coined by political economist Samuel George in 2012, and developed in a 2014 study authored by George and published by the Bertelsmann Foundation entitled ''The Pacific Pumas: An Emerging Model for Emerging Markets''. Overview The Puma, an American cat found along Latin America's Pacific Coast, is “rapid, agile, intelligent, independent, and strong”: qualities attributed to the Chilean, Colombian, Mexican, and Peruvian economies in the 21st century. The term was coined to emphasize that quietly and efficiently, Pacific Pumas have distinguished themselves from other large Latin American emerging mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Identifying Reliable Sources
Identification or identify may refer to: *Identity document, any document used to verify a person's identity Arts, entertainment and media * ''Identify'' (album) by Got7, 2014 * "Identify" (song), by Natalie Imbruglia, 1999 * Identification (album), by Benjamin Ingrosso, 2018 * Station identification, or ident, radio or TV stations identifying themselves on-air *'' Kill Command'', also known as ''Identify'', a 2016 film Science and technology * Identification (information), for data storage * Identifiability, in statistics * Identification (biology), assigning a taxon to an individual organism * Identification scheme, in metadata, used to identify unique records in a set Social sciences * Identification (psychology), a concept in psychoanalysis * Identification in rhetoric, a rhetorical theory of persuasion * Identification (literature), the audience identifying with a character, or a narrative device See also * * * Human identification (other) * Identificati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade. It officially commenced operations on 1 January 1995, pursuant to the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement, thus replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that had been established in 1948. The WTO is the world's largest international economic organization, with 164 member states representing over 98% of global trade and global GDP. The WTO facilitates trade in goods, services and intellectual property among participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements, which usually aim to reduce or eliminate tariffs, quotas, and other restrictions; these agreements are signed by representatives of member governmentsUnderstanding the WTO' Handbook at WTO officia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newly Industrialized Country
The category of newly industrialized country (NIC), newly industrialized economy (NIE) or middle income country is a socioeconomic classification applied to several countries around the world by political scientists and economists. They represent a subset of developing countries whose economic growth is much higher than other developing countries; and where the social consequences of industrialization, such as urbanization, are reorganizing society. Definition NICs are countries whose economies have not yet reached a developed country's status but have, in a macroeconomic sense, outpaced their developing counterparts. Such countries are still considered developing nations and only differ from other developing nations in the rate at which an NIC's growth is much higher over a shorter allotted time period compared to other developing nations. Another characterization of NICs is that of countries undergoing rapid economic growth (usually export-oriented). Incipient or ongoing indust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatra Tiger
"Tatra Tiger" is a nickname that refers to the economy of Slovakia in period 2002 – 2007, following the ascendance of a right-leaning coalition in September 2002 which engaged in a program of liberal economic reforms. The name "Tatra Tiger" derives from the local Tatra mountain range. In 2004 and 2005, Slovakia had one of the highest gross domestic product growth rates in the European Union after some of the Baltic countries, reaching 6%. In 2006, the year-over-year growth amounted to an unexpected 9.8% in the 3rd quarter, which helped to increase the overall annual economic growth expectation for 2006 from 6–6.5% to 8.2%. This 9.8% growth (a low estimate) can be partly ascribed to the launch of production at a new Peugeot SA plant. The growth came as a surprise to local analysts, given that another big foreign investor, Kia, launched its production in late 2006. In 4Q of 2007, the growth was 14.3%. However, public polling shows that despite the resultant high growth rat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celtic Tiger
The "Celtic Tiger" ( ga, An Tíogar Ceilteach) is a term referring to the economy of the Republic of Ireland, economy of Ireland from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s, a period of rapid real economic growth fuelled by foreign direct investment. The boom was dampened by a subsequent property bubble which resulted in a severe economic downturn. At the start of the 1990s, Ireland was a relatively poor country by Western European standards, with high poverty, high unemployment, inflation, and low economic growth. The Irish economy expanded at an average rate of 9.4% between 1995 and 2000, and continued to grow at an average rate of 5.9% during the following decade until 2008, when it Post-2008 Irish economic downturn, fell into recession. Ireland's rapid economic growth has been described as a rare example of a Western country matching the growth of East Asian nations, i.e. the 'Four Asian Tigers'. The economy underwent a dramatic reversal from 2008, hit hard by the Financial crisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Tiger
Baltic Tiger is a term used to refer to any of the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania during their periods of economic boom, which started after the year 2000 and continued until 2006–2007. The term is modeled on Four Asian Tigers, Tatra Tiger, and Celtic Tiger, which were used to describe the economic boom periods in East Asia, Slovakia, and Ireland, respectively. Overview Economically, parallel with the political changes, and the democratic transition, – as a rule of law states – the previous command economies were transformed via the legislation into market economies, and set up or renewed the major macroeconomic factors: budgetary rules, national audit, national currency, central bank. Generally, they shortly encountered the following problems: high inflation, high unemployment, low economic growth and high government debt. The inflation rate, in the examined area, relatively quickly dropped to below 5% by 2000. Meanwhile, these economies were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Century
The Pacific Century (and the associated term Asia-Pacific Century) is a term that has been used to describe the 21st century through analogy with the term American Century. The implicit assumption underlying the usage of the term is that the 21st century will be dominated, especially economically, by countries in the Asia-Pacific region and major economies on the Pacific, most dominantly China (both the People's Republic and Taiwan) ASEAN countries, Japan, South Korea, India, New Zealand and Australia, and to an extent, the United States. This idea can be compared to the historical Eurocentric/Atlantic viewpoint, which has dominated for the past two centuries. The term Asian Century is a more popularized term, shifting greater emphasis towards Asia, especially on the potential superpowers of Mainland China and India. Cities in those countries, such as Tokyo, Mumbai, Beijing, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Manila, Singapore, Seoul, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Delhi, and Bangkok are increasin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asian Century
The Asian Century is the projected 21st-century dominance of Asian politics and culture, assuming certain demographic and economic trends persist. The concept of Asian Century parallels the characterisation of the 19th century as Britain's Imperial Century, and the 20th century as the American Century. A 2011 study by the Asian Development Bank found that 3 billion Asians (so 56.6% of the estimated 5.3 billion total inhabitants of Asia by 2050) could enjoy living standards similar to those in Europe today, and the region could account for over half of global output by the middle of this century. The growing importance and emphasis of unity in Asia, as well as maturing and progressive relationships among countries in the region further solidify the creation of the 21st Asian Century. Origin In 1924, Karl Haushofer used the term "Pacific age," envisaging the growth of Japan, China and India: "A giant space is expanding before our eyes with forces pouring into it which ... await ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Miracle
Economic miracle is an informal economic term for a period of dramatic economic development that is entirely unexpected or unexpectedly strong. Economic miracles have occurred in the recent histories of a number of countries, often those undergoing an economic boom, or described as a tiger economy. Early modern period * Dutch economic miracle of the 1600s ( Dutch Republic's economy in its Golden Age), often considered by many as the very first modern economic miracle. Post-World War II See Post–World War II economic expansion. *Four Asian Tigers (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, c. 1960s–1990s) **Miracle on the Han River (South Korea, c. 1962–1997) **Taiwan Miracle (1961–2000) * Swiss miracle (c. 1940s-2000s) *Japanese economic miracle (c. 1945–1990) *Trente Glorieuses (France, c. 1945–1975) *Record years (Sweden, c. 1947–1974) *''Wirtschaftswunder'' (West Germany and Austria, c. 1950s–1970s) * Mexican miracle (c. 1940s–1970s) (term not used by eco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Developmental State
Developmental state, or hard state, is a term used by international political economy scholars to refer to the phenomenon of state-led macroeconomic planning in East Asia in the late 20th century. In this model of capitalism (sometimes referred to as state development capitalism), the state has more independent, or autonomous, political power, as well as more control over the economy. A developmental state is characterized by having strong state intervention, as well as extensive regulation and planning. The term has subsequently been used to describe countries outside East Asia that satisfy the criteria of a developmental state. The developmental state is sometimes contrasted with a predatory state or weak state. The first person to seriously conceptualize the developmental state was Chalmers Johnson.Leftwich, Adrian, "Bringing politics back in: Towards a model of the developmental state", ''Journal of Development Studies'', Volume 31, Issue 3 February 1995, pages 400-427 Johnson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Developed Country
A developed country (or industrialized country, high-income country, more economically developed country (MEDC), advanced country) is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. A point of reference of US$20,000 in 2021 USD nominal GDP per capita for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a good point of departure, it is a similar level of development to the United States in 1960. Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial society, post-industrial economies, meaning the terti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduardo Medina-Mora Icaza
Eduardo Tomás Medina-Mora Icaza (Mexico City; 30 January 1957) is a Mexican lawyer. He served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Mexico from 10 March 2015 to 8 October 2019, when the Mexican Senate approved his resignation following an ongoing investigation by the country's Financial Intelligence Unit. Medina-Mora was the Attorney General of Mexico (PGR) under President Felipe Calderón (1 December 2006-7 September 2009). Political career Prior to his Supreme Court Appointment and subsequent resignation, Medina-Mora also served Ambassador of Mexico to the United States (2013–15), ambassador to the United Kingdom, Attorney General in the cabinet of the former President of Mexico, Felipe Calderón (2006–09), headed the Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection (2005–06) under former President of Mexico Vicente Fox., and as the director of the now defunct National Center for Intelligence and Security from (2000–05). After a nine-year career in intelligence and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
