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The Oligarchs
''The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia'' is a 2001 non-fiction book written by Pulitzer Prize-winning author and ''Washington Post'' contributing editor David E. Hoffman. The book chronicles events of the transitional period in Russia, from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, and the subsequent privatization in Russia, to the 1996 presidential election, the 1998 Russian financial crisis, and Vladimir Putin's rise to power in the late 1990s. Synopsis Hoffman's account focuses on the rise of the Russian oligarchs, a group of businessmen who acquired great wealth and became very influential in Russian politics during the Boris Yeltsin presidency, and several state officials who were close to them. The book examines in detail the roles of six individuals: * Boris Berezovsky (former owner of Sibneft oil company and at one time the principal shareholder in the country's main television channel, ORT) *Mikhail Khodorkovsky (former owner of Bank Menate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David E
David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the Kings of Israel and Judah, third king of the Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), United Kingdom of Israel. In the Books of Samuel, he is described as a young shepherd and Lyre, harpist who gains fame by slaying Goliath, a champion of the Philistines, in southern Canaan. David becomes a favourite of Saul, the first king of Israel; he also forges David and Jonathan, a notably close friendship with Jonathan (1 Samuel), Jonathan, a son of Saul. However, under the paranoia that David is seeking to usurp the throne, Saul attempts to kill David, forcing the latter to go into hiding and effectively operate as a fugitive for several years. After Saul and Jonathan are both killed in battle against the Philistin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibneft
Gazprom Neft (russian: Газпром Нефть; formerly Sibneft, russian: Сибнефть, link=no), is the third largest oil producer in Russia and ranked third according to refining throughput. It is a subsidiary of Gazprom, which owns about 96% of its shares. The company is registered and headquartered in St. Petersburg after central offices were relocated from Moscow in 2011. By the end of 2012 Gazprom Neft accounted for 10% of oil and gas production and 14.6% of refining activities in Russia. Production volumes in 2012 increased by 4.3% in comparison with 2011, refining throughput grew by 7%, revenue was up 19.5% with EBITDA and net profit advancing by 7.7% and 9.9% accordingly. History Gazprom Neft was created under the name Sibneft (russian: Сибнефть) in 1995 by the transfer of state owned shares in Noyabrskneftegas (production unit), the Omsk Refinery (Russia's largest oil refining complex), Noyabrskneftegasgeophysica (exploration) and Omsknefteprodukt (oil pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privatization In Russia
Privatization in Russia describes the series of post-Soviet reforms that resulted in large-scale privatization of Russia's state-owned assets, particularly in the industrial, energy, and financial sectors. Most privatization took place in the early and mid-1990s under Boris Yeltsin, who assumed the presidency following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Private ownership of enterprises and property had essentially remained illegal throughout the Soviet era, with Soviet communism emphasizing national control over all means of production but human labor. Under the Soviet Union, the number of state enterprises was estimated at 45,000. Privatization facilitated the transfer of significant wealth to a relatively small group of business oligarchs and New Russians, particularly natural gas and oil executives. This economic transition has been described as ''katastroika'' (combination of ''catastrophe'' and the term ''perestroika'') and as "the most cataclysmic peacetime economic c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The SAIS Review Of International Affairs
''The SAIS Review of International Affairs'' is an academic journal based at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), part of Johns Hopkins University. The journal's mission is to advance the debate on leading contemporary issues in world affairs. Seeking to bring a fresh and policy-relevant perspective to global political, economic, and security questions, ''SAIS Review'' publishes essays that straddle the boundary between scholarly inquiry and practical experience. Issues often include book reviews and photo essays, as well. The advisory board of ''SAIS Review'' is made up of members of the SAIS administration and faculty as well as leading academics, journalists, and policymakers, including: Eliot A. Cohen (Chair), Carla Freeman, Bill Clifford, Mara Karlin, Thomas Keaney, Peter Lewis, Afshin Molavi, James Mann, Moisés Naím, Thomas Rid, Bruce Parrott, Jeffrey Pryce, and Neil Shenai. ''SAIS Review'' is published and distributed biannually by the Joh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Legvold
Robert Legvold (b. February 26, 1940, Minneapolis, Minnesota), is an American political scientist, specializing in the international relations of the post-Soviet states. He is the Marshall D. Shulman Professor Emeritus in the Department of Political Science at Columbia University. Biography Legvold received his A.B. from the University of South Dakota (1962), followed by M.A. (1963) and M.A.L.D. (1964) degrees at The Fletcher School where he also earned his Ph.D. in 1967. From 1986 to 1992 Legvold was Director of Columbia's Harriman Institute for Advanced Study of the Soviet Union. He was Associate Director 1984-1986, a role he had assumed as early as 1977/78 as Acting Associate Director while on leave from Tufts University. At Tufts, Legvold had been teaching Political Science as Assistant Professor (1967-70) and Associate Professor (1970-77). For six years, Legvold served as Senior Fellow and Director of the Soviet Studies Project at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Affairs
''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs. Founded on 15 September 1922, the print magazine is currently published every two months, while the website publishes articles daily and anthologies every other month. ''Foreign Affairs'' is considered one of the United States' most influential foreign policy magazines. Over its long history, the magazine has published a number of seminal articles including George Kennan's "X Article", published in 1947, and Samuel P. Huntington's " The Clash of Civilizations," published in 1993. Important academics, public officials, and policy leaders regularly appear in the magazine's pages. Recent ''Foreign Affairs'' authors include Robert O. Keohane, Hillary Clinton, Donald H. Rumsfeld, Ashton Carter, Colin L. Powell, Franci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoly Chubais
Anatoly Borisovich Chubais (russian: Анатолий Борисович Чубайс; born 16 June 1955) is a Russian politician and economist who was responsible for privatization in Russia as an influential member of Boris Yeltsin's administration in the early 1990s. During this period, he was a key figure in introducing a market economy and the principles of private ownership to Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union. From 1998 to 2008, he headed the state-owned electrical power monopoly RAO UES. A 2004 survey conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the ''Financial Times'' named Chubais the world's 54th most respected business leader. He was the head of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation (RUSNANO) in 2008–2020.Russian reformer Chubais becomes Rosnanot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yury Luzhkov
Yury Mikhailovich Luzhkov ( rus, Ю́рий Миха́йлович Лужко́в, p=ˈjʉrʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ lʊˈʂkof; 21 September 1936 – 10 December 2019) was a Russian politician who served as mayor of Moscow from 1992 to 2010. Before the election of Gavriil Popov as the first mayor of Moscow, he also headed the capital in 1990-1991 as chairman of the Mosgorispolkom. He was the vice-chairman and one of the founders of the ruling United Russia party. During Luzhkov's time, Moscow's economy expanded and he presided over large construction projects in the city, including the building of a new financial district. At the same time, he was accused of corruption, bulldozing historic buildings, and poor handling of traffic, as well as the city's smog crisis during the 2010 Russian wildfires. On 28 September 2010, Luzhkov was fired from his post by a decree issued by President Dmitry Medvedev. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Smolensky
Alexander Pavlovich Smolensky (russian: Алекса́ндр Па́влович Смолéнский) (born July 6, 1954) is a Russian business oligarch. Biography Alexander Smolensky began his business activities on the black market of the so-called "shadow economy". His private ventures included trading foreign currency, moonlighting on a second job in a bakery with a counterfeit permit as well as typesetting and printing Bibles using government presses and ink. He was arrested by the KGB in 1981 and charged with economic crimes. Subsequently, he was sentenced to two years of hard labour although he only served one day. Alexander Smolensky is considered the first private banker of Russia. Alexander Smolensky is the founder and president of one of the largest private banks in Russia - Bank Stolichny. In 1992, he set up the country's first debit card processing system. In 1998, he merged his agribusiness assets in Agroprombank (acquired in 1996), which was renamed SBS-Agro and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NTV (Russia)
NTV (Cyrillic: НТВ) is a Russian free-to-air television channel that was launched as a subsidiary of Vladimir Gusinsky's company . Since 14 April 2001 Gazprom Media controls the network. NTV has no official meaning according to Igor Malashenko, the author of the name and co-founder of the company, but in the 1990s unofficial transcripts of the acronym include "New" (''Novoje''), "Independent" (''Nezavisimoje''), "Non-governmental" (''Negosudarstvennoje''), "Our" (''Nashe''). History Vladimir Gusinsky founded NTV broadcasting in October 1993 on channel 4 moving to channel 5 in January 1994. He attracted talented journalists and news anchors of the time such as Tatiana Mitkova, Leonid Parfyonov, Mikhail Osokin, Yevgeniy Kiselyov, Vladimir A. Kara-Murza, Victor Shenderovich and others. The channel set high professional standards in Russian television, broadcasting live coverage and sharp analysis of current events. Starting before the dissolution of Soviet Union as Fourt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Gusinsky
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Gusinsky (russian: Владимир Александрович Гусинский, ; born 6 October 1952) is a Russian media tycoon. He founded the Media-Most holding company that included the NTV free-to-air channel, the newspaper ''Segodnya'', the radio station Echo of Moscow, and a number of magazines. Early life and education Gusinsky was born into a Jewish family in Moscow on 6 October 1952. In 1969, Gusinsky enrolled in Gubkin Institute of Oil and Gas, however, he did not finish his education there. He joined the USSR Army in 1973 as a Junior Sergeant in the Chemical Intelligence Troops. In 1975, after being demobilized, Gusinsky enrolled in the State Institute for the Study of Theatrical Arts (Russian: ГИТИС English: GITIS). He graduated in 1979 with his graduating diploma work on the staging of "Tartuffe" by Molière, in the Tula State Dramatic Theater. Early career 1986 * Stage Director for the Ted Turner Goodwill Games in the Kremlin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yukos
OJSC "Yukos Oil Company" (russian: ОАО Нефтяна́я Компа́ния Ю́КОС, links=no, ) was an oil and gas company based in Moscow, Russia. Yukos was acquired from the Russian government by Russian oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky's Bank Menatep during the controversial "loans for shares" auctions of the mid 1990s. Between 1996 and 2003, Yukos became one of the biggest and most successful Russian companies, producing 20% of Russia's oil output. In the 2004 ''Fortune 500'', Yukos was ranked as the 359th largest company in the world. In October 2003, Khodorkovsky—by then the richest person in Russia and 16th richest person in the world—was arrested, and the company was forcibly broken up for alleged unpaid taxes shortly after and declared bankrupt in August 2006. Courts in several countries later ruled that the real intent was to destroy Yukos and obtain its assets for the government, and act politically against Khodorkovsky. In 2014, the largest arbitration aw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
