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The Notion Club Papers
''The Notion Club Papers'' is an abandoned novel by J. R. R. Tolkien, written during 1945 and published posthumously in ''Sauron Defeated'', the 9th volume of ''The History of Middle-earth''. It is a time travel story, written while ''The Lord of the Rings'' was being developed. The Notion Club is a fictionalization of (and a play on words on the name of) Tolkien's own such club, the Inklings. Although unfinished, the text of ''The Notion Club Papers'' runs for some 120 pages in ''Sauron Defeated''. Embedded within the story are Tolkien's versions of European legends: ''King Sheave'', and '' The Death of St. Brendan'', a three-page poem also titled 'Imram'. ''Sauron Defeated'' includes some further 40 pages of Christopher Tolkien's commentary and notes on ''The Notion Club Papers'', and reproduces examples of the pages hand-written by his father. Plot The story revolves around the meetings of an Oxford arts discussion group, the Notion Club. During these meetings, Alwin Arundel L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The History Of The Lord Of The Rings
''The History of The Lord of the Rings'' is a four-volume work by Christopher Tolkien published between 1988 and 1992 that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien's writing of ''The Lord of the Rings''. The ''History'' is also numbered as volumes six to nine of ''The History of Middle-earth'' ("HoME"). Contents The volumes are: # (The History of Middle-earth, HoME 6) ''The Return of the Shadow'' (1988) # (HoME 7) ''The Treason of Isengard'' (1989) # (HoME 8) ''The War of the Ring'' (1990) # (HoME 9) ''Sauron Defeated'' (1992) The first volume of ''The History'' encompasses three initial stages of composition or, as Christopher Tolkien calls them, "phases", including what Tolkien later called "the crucial chapter" which sets up the central plot, "The Shadow of the Past".''The Lord of the Rings'', 2nd edition, "Foreword". It finishes with the Fellowship of the Ring (characters), Fellowship of the Ring entering the Moria (Middle-earth), Mines of Moria. The second volume con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adûnaic
Adûnaic (or Adunaic) ("language of the West") is one of the fictional languages devised by J. R. R. Tolkien for his fantasy works. One of the languages of Arda in Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, Adûnaic was spoken by the Men of Númenor during the Second Age. Fictional history Adûnaic was the language of Númenor, and after its destruction in the Akallabêth, the "native speech" of the people of Elendil in the kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor in the west of Middle-earth, though they usually spoke Sindarin. By the time of the War of the Ring, it had developed into the common speech or Westron. Tolkien called Adûnaic "the language of the culturally and politically influential Númenóreans." Concept and creation Although Tolkien created very few original words in Adûnaic, mostly names, the language serves his concept as the ancestor of a lingua franca for Middle-earth, Westron, a shared language for many different peoples. Tolkien devised Adûnaic (or Númenórean), the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pembroke College, Oxford
Pembroke College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is located at Pembroke Square, Oxford. The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England, using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale, and was named after William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain and then- Chancellor of the University. Like many Oxford colleges, Pembroke previously accepted men only, admitting its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979. As of 2020, Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £63 million. Pembroke College provides almost the full range of study available at Oxford University. A former Senior President of Tribunals and Lord Justice of Appeal, Sir Ernest Ryder, has held the post of Master of Pembroke since 2020. History Foundation and origins In 1610, Thomas Tesdale on his death gave £5,000 for the education of Abingdon School Scholars (seven fellows and six scholars) at Balliol College, Oxford. However, in 1623, this money was augment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 – 13 December 1784), often called Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions as a poet, playwright, essayist, moralist, critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. The ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' calls him "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history". Born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, he attended Pembroke College, Oxford until lack of funds forced him to leave. After working as a teacher, he moved to London and began writing for ''The Gentleman's Magazine''. Early works include ''Life of Mr Richard Savage'', the poems ''London'' and ''The Vanity of Human Wishes'' and the play ''Irene''. After nine years' effort, Johnson's '' A Dictionary of the English Language'' appeared in 1755, and was acclaimed as "one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship". Later work included essays, an annotated ''The Plays of William Shakespeare'', and the apologue ''The History of R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tavern
A tavern is a place of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food such as different types of roast meats and cheese, and (mostly historically) where travelers would receive lodging. An inn is a tavern that has a license to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin ''taberna'' whose original meaning was a shed, workshop, stall, or pub. Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. In England, inns started to be referred to as public houses or pubs and the term became standard for all drinking houses. Europe France From at least the 14th century, taverns, along with inns and later cabarets, were the main places to dine out. Typically, a tavern offered various roast meats, as well as simple foods like bread, cheese, herring and bacon. Some offered a richer variety of foods, though it would be cabarets and later ''traiteurs'' which offered the finest meals before the restaurant appeared in the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John O'Connor Power
John O'Connor Power (13 February 1846 – 21 February 1919) was an Irish Fenian and a Home Rule League and Irish Parliamentary Party politician and as MP in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland represented Mayo from June 1874 to 1885. From 1881, he practised as a barrister specialising in criminal law and campaigning for penal reform. Early radical years He was born in Clashaganny, County Roscommon and was the third son of Patrick Power from Ballinasloe and his wife Mary O'Connor of County Roscommon, during the Great Famine years. He contracted smallpox and spent some time in the Ballinasloe Fever hospital, which was housed in the workhouse. On the death of his parents he was raised by Catherine O'Connor Duffield in her home in Society Street. At fifteen years of age, he went to live with relatives in Lancashire where he recruited for the Irish Republican Brotherhood and took up a trade in house painting. It was here that he first met Mic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford Don
Don (; ; pt, Dom, links=no ; all from Latin ', roughly 'Lord'), abbreviated as D., is an honorific prefix primarily used in Spain and Hispanic America, and with different connotations also in Italy, Portugal and its former colonies, and Croatia. ''Don'' is derived from the Latin ''dominus'': a master of a household, a title with background from the Roman Republic in classical antiquity. With the abbreviated form having emerged as such in the Middle Ages, traditionally it is reserved for Catholic clergy and nobles, in addition to certain educational authorities and persons of distinction. ''Dom'' is the variant used in Portuguese. The female equivalent is Doña (), Donna (), Doamnă (Romanian) and Dona () abbreviated D.ª, Da., or simply D. It is a common honorific reserved for women, especially mature women. In Portuguese "Dona" tends to be less restricted in use to women than "Dom" is to men. In Britain and Ireland, especially at Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, the word is use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humphrey Carpenter
Humphrey William Bouverie Carpenter (29 April 1946 – 4 January 2005) was an English biographer, writer, and radio broadcaster. He is known especially for his biographies of J. R. R. Tolkien and other members of the literary society the Inklings. Biography Carpenter was born, lived almost all of his life, and died in the city of Oxford. His father was Harry Carpenter, Bishop of Oxford. His mother was Urith Monica Trevelyan, who had training in the Fröbel teaching method. As a child, he lived in the Warden's Lodgings at Keble College, Oxford, where his father served as warden until his appointment as Bishop of Oxford. He was educated at the Dragon School Oxford, and Marlborough College and then read English at Keble. His biographies included '' J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography'' (1977; also editing of ''The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien''), ''The Inklings: CS Lewis, JRR Tolkien, Charles Williams and their Friends'' (1978; winner of the 1978 Somerset Maugham Award), W. H. Auden (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Lay Of Leithian
''The Lays of Beleriand'', published in 1985, is the third volume of Christopher Tolkien's 12-volume book series, ''The History of Middle-earth'', in which he analyzes the unpublished manuscripts of his father J. R. R. Tolkien. Book Inscription There is an inscription in the Fëanorian characters (Tengwar, an alphabet Tolkien has devised for High-Elves) in the first pages of every History of Middle-earth volume, written by Christopher Tolkien and describing the contents of the book. The inscription in Book III reads: "In the first part of this Book is given the Lay of the Children of Húrin by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, in which is set forth in part the Tale of Túrin. In the second part is the Lay of Leithian, which is the Gest of Beren and Lúthien as far as the encounter of Beren with Carcharoth at the gate of Angband". Contents The book contains the long heroic lays or lyric poetry Tolkien wrote: these are ''The Lay of the Children of Húrin'' about the saga of Tú ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clyde S
Clyde may refer to: People * Clyde (given name) * Clyde (surname) Places For townships see also Clyde Township Australia * Clyde, New South Wales * Clyde, Victoria * Clyde River, New South Wales Canada * Clyde, Alberta * Clyde, Ontario, a town in North Dumfries, Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario * Clyde Township, a geographic township in the municipality of Dysart et al, Ontario * Clyde River, Nunavut New Zealand * Clyde, New Zealand ** Clyde Dam Scotland * Clydeside * River Clyde * Firth of Clyde United States * Clyde, California, a CDP in Contra Costa County * Clyde, Georgia * Clyde Township, Whiteside County, Illinois * Clyde, Iowa * Clyde, Kansas * Clyde, Michigan * Clyde Township, Allegan County, Michigan * Clyde Township, St. Clair County, Michigan * Clyde, New Jersey * Clyde, New York * Clyde, North Carolina * Clyde, North Dakota * Clyde, Ohio ** Clyde cancer cluster * Clyde, Pennsylvania * Clyde, South Carolina * Clyde, Texas * Clyde River (Vermont) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Space Trilogy
''The Space Trilogy'' or ''Cosmic Trilogy'' is a series of science fiction novels by C. S. Lewis. The trilogy consists of '' Out of the Silent Planet'' (1938), '' Perelandra'' (1943), and ''That Hideous Strength'' (1945). A philologist named Elwin Ransom is the protagonist of the first two novels and an important character in the third. Contents Summary The books in the trilogy are: *'' Out of the Silent Planet'' (1938), set mostly on Mars (Malacandra). In this book, Dr. Elwin Ransom is kidnapped and transported to Mars. While there, he meets the planet's various inhabitants and discovers that Earth is exiled from the rest of the Solar System. *'' Perelandra'' (1943). Also known as ''Voyage to Venus''. Here, Dr. Ransom journeys to an unspoiled Venus (Perelandra), where he participates in a good vs. evil battle. *''That Hideous Strength'' (1945), set on Earth. A scientific think tank called the N.I.C.E. (The National Institute of Co-ordinated Experiments) is secretly in touch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waste Paper
The recycling of paper is the process by which waste paper is turned into new paper products. It has a number of important benefits: It saves waste paper from occupying homes of people and producing methane as it breaks down. Because paper fibre contains carbon (originally absorbed by the tree from which it was produced), recycling keeps the carbon locked up for longer and out of the atmosphere. Around two-thirds of all paper products in the US are now recovered and recycled, although it does not all become new paper. After repeated processing the fibres become too short for the production of new paper, which is why virgin fibre (from sustainably farmed trees) is frequently added to the pulp recipe. There are three categories of paper that can be used as feedstocks for making ''recycled paper'': mill broke, pre-consumer waste, and post-consumer waste. ''Mill broke'' is paper trimmings and other paper scrap from the manufacture of paper, and is recycled in a paper mill. ''Pre-co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
