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The Equivalent
The Equivalent was a sum negotiated at £398,085 10s. 0d. paid to Scotland by the English Government under the terms of the Acts of Union 1707. Proposals for it first emerged in the course of abortive Union negotiations in 1702 to 1703. The Equivalent's purposes were ostensibly to take account of the contribution that Scots taxpayers would then make towards servicing the English national debt and as transitional mitigation of the effects of higher taxes on the Scottish economy. Though attempts have been made to see it as a precise calculation, it is now generally regarded as part of a political bargain designed for other purposes as well, such as the costs of winding up the Company of Scotland which had undertaken the Darien scheme. Shareholders in and creditors of the Company were to receive 58.6% of The Equivalent. It was also suggested that payments found their way to members of the Scottish Parliament who voted for its abolition.Crofton, Ian. ''A Dictionary of Scottish Phrase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of Union 1707
The Acts of Union ( gd, Achd an Aonaidh) were two Acts of Parliament: the Union with Scotland Act 1706 passed by the Parliament of England, and the Union with England Act 1707 passed by the Parliament of Scotland. They put into effect the terms of the Treaty of Union that had been agreed on 22 July 1706, following negotiation between commissioners representing the parliaments of the two countries. By the two Acts, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotlandwhich at the time were separate states with separate legislatures, but with the same monarchwere, in the words of the Treaty, "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain". The two countries had shared a monarch since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne from his double first cousin twice removed, Queen Elizabeth I. Although described as a Union of Crowns, and in spite of James's acknowledgement of his accession to a single Crown, England and Scotland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Company Of Scotland
The Company of Scotland Trading to Africa and the Indies, also called the Scottish Darien Company, was an overseas trading company created by an Act of the Parliament of Scotland in 1695. The Act granted the Company a monopoly of Scottish trade to India, Africa and the Americas, extraordinary sovereign rights and 21 years of exemptions from taxation. Financial and political troubles plagued its early years. The court of directors was divided between those residing and meeting in Edinburgh and those in London, amongst whom were both Scots and English. They were also divided by business intentions; some intended to trade in India and on the African coast, as an effective competitor to the English East India Company, while others were drawn to William Paterson's Darien scheme, which ultimately prevailed. In July 1698 the company launched its first expedition, led by Paterson, who hoped to establish a colony in Darien (on the Isthmus of Panama), which could then be used as a tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darien Scheme
The Darien scheme was an unsuccessful attempt, backed largely by investors of the Kingdom of Scotland, to gain wealth and influence by establishing ''New Caledonia'', a colony on the Isthmus of Panama, in the late 1690s. The plan was for the colony, located on the Gulf of Darién, to establish and manage an overland route to connect the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The backers knew that the first sighting of the Pacific Ocean by Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Balboa was after crossing the isthmus through Darién Province, Darién. The attempt at settling the area did not go well; more than 80% of participants died within a year, and the settlement was abandoned twice.Little, "The Caribbean colony ..." There are many explanations for the disaster. Rival claims have been made suggesting that the undertaking was beset by poor planning and provisioning; by divided leadership; by a lack of demand for traded goods, owing to an English trade blockade; by devastating epidemics of tropi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unionism In Scotland
Unionism in Scotland () is a political movement which favours the continuation of the political union between Scotland and the other countries of the United Kingdom (England, Wales and Northern Ireland), and hence is opposed to Scottish independence. Scotland is one of four countries of the United Kingdom which has its own devolved government and Scottish Parliament, as well as representation in the UK Parliament. There are many strands of political Unionism in Scotland, some of which have ties to Unionism and Loyalism in Northern Ireland. The two main political parties in the UK — the Conservatives and Labour — both support Scotland remaining part of the UK. The Scottish unionism movement consists of many factions with varying political views but which are united in being politically opposed to Scottish independence, which would mean Scotland leaving the UK and becoming an independent state. Political parties which support Scottish independence include: the Scottish Natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negotiation
Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more people or parties to reach the desired outcome regarding one or more issues of conflict. It is an interaction between entities who aspire to agree on matters of mutual interest. The agreement can be beneficial for all or some of the parties involved. The negotiators should establish their own needs and wants while also seeking to understand the wants and needs of others involved to increase their chances of closing deals, avoiding conflicts, forming relationships with other parties, or maximizing mutual gains. The goal of negotiation is to resolve points of difference, gain an advantage for an individual or collective, or craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. Distributive negotiations, or compromises, are conducted by putting forward a position and making concessions to achieve an agreement. The degree to which the negotiating parties trust each other to implement the negotiated solution is a major factor in determining ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Payments
A payment is the voluntary tender of money or its equivalent or of things of value by one party (such as a person or company) to another in exchange for goods, or services provided by them, or to fulfill a legal obligation. The party making the payment is commonly called the payer, while the payee is the party receiving the payment. Payments can be effected in a number of ways, for example: * the use of money, cheque, or debit, credit, or bank transfers, whether through mobile payment or otherwise * the transfer of anything of value, such as stock, or using barter, the exchange of one good or service for another. In general, payees are at liberty to determine what method of payment they will accept; though normally laws require the payer to accept the country's legal tender up to a prescribed limit. Payment is most commonly effected in the local currency of the payee unless the parties agree otherwise. Payment in another currency involves an additional foreign exchange transactio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1707 In Scotland
Events from the year 1707 in the Kingdom of Scotland, then Scotland. Incumbents * Monarch – Anne (until 1 May; Scotland and England unite) * Secretary of State: Hugh Campbell, 3rd Earl of Loudoun, jointly with The Earl of Mar (post abolished at Act of Union) * Secretary of State for Scotland, from 1 May, when the post was created: The Earl of Mar Law officers * Lord Advocate – Sir James Stewart * Solicitor General for Scotland – William Carmichael Judiciary * Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord North Berwick * Lord Justice General – Lord Tarbat * Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Ormiston Events * 16 January – Parliament of Scotland passes the Union with England Act. * 19 March – official copy of the Act of Union signed by the Scottish Chancellor and the Act is ratified by the Parliament of England. * 25 March– 28 April – last sitting of Parliament of Scotland in Edinburgh until it is revived in 1999 as the Scottish Parliament. * 25 Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1707 In England
Events from the year 1707 in the Kingdom of England, then England. Incumbents * Monarch – Anne (until 1 May; England and Scotland unite) * Parliament – 2nd of Queen Anne (until 29 April) Events * 16 January – The Parliament of Scotland passes the Union with England Act. * 19 March – The Act of Union with Scotland is passed by the Parliament of England. * 14 April (25 April New Style) – At the Battle of Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession, the Bourbon army of Spain and France (with Irish mercenaries) under the French-born Englishman James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, soundly defeats the allied forces of Portugal, England, and the Dutch Republic led by the French-born Huguenot in English service Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway. * 1 May – England becomes part of the united kingdom of Great Britain as a result of the 1706 Treaty of Union that was ratified by the Acts of Union and merges the Parliaments of England and Scotland to form the Parliament ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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