The Cleveland Gazette
''The Cleveland Gazette'' was a weekly newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio, from August 25, 1883, to May 20, 1945. It was an African-American newspaper owned and edited by Harry Clay Smith, initially with a group of partners. Circulation was estimated between 5,000 and 18,000. The ''Gazette'' became the longest-publishing African-American weekly in the U.S., earning its nickname "The Old Reliable" by never missing a Saturday publication date in 58 years. Background and establishment Cleveland Many African Americans moved from the South to northern cities, such as Cleveland, after the end of Reconstruction. Because Cleveland had been primarily populated by New Englanders who opposed the institution of slavery, the addition of African Americans allowed the city's public areas to become more integrated with minimal racial conflicts. During this time, the demand and support of African-American newspapers in the North grew. Various "religious and charitable organizations pro ...
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1896 United States Presidential Election
The 1896 United States presidential election was the 28th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1896. Former Governor William McKinley, the Republican candidate, defeated former Representative William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic candidate. The 1896 campaign, which took place during an economic depression known as the Panic of 1893, was a political realignment that ended the old Third Party System and began the Fourth Party System. Incumbent Democratic President Grover Cleveland did not seek election to a second consecutive term (which would have been his third overall), leaving the Democratic nomination open. Bryan, an attorney and former Congressman, galvanized support with his Cross of Gold speech, which called for a reform of the monetary system and attacked business leaders as the cause of ongoing economic depression. The 1896 Democratic National Convention repudiated the Cleveland administration and nominated Bryan on the fifth presidential ball ...
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Publications Established In 1883
To publish is to make content available to the general public.Berne Convention, article 3(3)
URL last accessed 2010-05-10.Universal Copyright Convention, Geneva text (1952), article VI
. URL last accessed 2010-05-10. While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper (

Defunct Newspapers Published In Cleveland
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Defunct Weekly Newspapers
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Defunct African-American Newspapers
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * Defunct (video game), ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also

* * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence {{Disambiguation ...
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African-American History
African-American history began with the arrival of Africans to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries. Former Spanish slaves who had been freed by Francis Drake arrived aboard the Golden Hind at New Albion in California in 1579. The European colonization of the Americas, and the resulting transatlantic slave trade, led to a large-scale transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic; of the roughly 10–12 million Africans who were sold by the Barbary slave trade, either to European slavery or to servitude in the Americas, approximately 388,000 landed in North America. After arriving in various European colonies in North America, the enslaved Africans were sold to white colonists, primarily to work on cash crop plantations. A group of enslaved Africans arrived in the English colony of Virginia in 1619, marking the beginning of slavery in the colonial history of the United States; by 1776, roughly 20% of the British North American population was of African d ...
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List Of Newspapers In The United States
There are many newspapers printed and distributed in the United States. , the United States had 1,279 daily newspapers. Top 10 newspapers by circulation The following is a list of the top 10 newspapers in the United States by average weekday paid circulation in 2019. Longest-running newspapers *'' The New Hampshire Gazette'' (1756) *''The Newport (RI) Daily News'' (originally published as ''The Newport Mercury'' in 1758) *''Hartford Courant'' (1764, the oldest continuously published newspaper in the United States) *''The Register Star'' (Hudson, New York, 1785) *''Poughkeepsie Journal'' (1785) *''The Augusta Chronicle'' (1785) *''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'' (July 1786) *''Daily Hampshire Gazette'' (September 1784) *''The Berkshire Eagle'' (1789) *''The Daily Mail'' (Catskill, NY, 1792) *'' The Recorder'' (1792) *''Intelligencer Journal'' (1794, now LNP) *''Rutland Herald'' (1794) *''Norwich Bulletin'' (1796) *''The Keene Sentinel'' (1799) *''New York Post'' (1801) *''The P ...
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Call And Post
The ''Call and Post'' (or ''Call & Post'') is an African-American weekly newspaper, based in Cleveland, Ohio. History The ''Call and Post'' was established around 1928 by a group of people including local African-American inventor Garrett A. Morgan, as a merger between the ''Cleveland Call'' and the ''Cleveland Post'', two newspapers that had been serving the African-American community since 1916 and 1920 respectively. William Otis "W.O." Walker, a black Republican who had been co-founder of the ''Washington Tribune'', became editor in 1932. The ''Call and Post'' provided extensive coverage of the social and religious life in the African-American community, and was known to feature sensational coverage of violence on its front page. The publication also extensively covered Larry Doby, the first black player to successfully integrate into the American League's Cleveland Indians baseball franchise. Reporter Cleveland Jackson communicated extensively with Indians owner and team p ...
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Columbus, Ohio
Columbus () is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S., the second-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and the third-most populous state capital. Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County; it also extends into Delaware and Fairfield counties. It is the core city of the Columbus metropolitan area, which encompasses 10 counties in central Ohio. The metropolitan area had a population of 2,138,926 in 2020, making it the largest entirely in Ohio and 32nd-largest in the U.S. Columbus originated as numerous Native American settlements on the banks of the Scioto River. Franklinton, now a city neighborhood, was the first European settlement, laid out in 1797. The city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and laid out to become the state capital. The city was named for Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. ...
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William McKinley
William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in the industrial states and nationwide until the 1930s. He presided over victory in the Spanish–American War of 1898; gained control of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Cuba; restored prosperity after a deep depression; rejected the inflationary monetary policy of free silver, keeping the nation on the gold standard; and raised protective tariffs to boost American industry and keep wages high. A Republican, McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War; he was the only one to begin his service as an enlisted man, and end as a brevet major. After the war, he settled in Canton, Ohio, where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton. In 1876, McKinley was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican e ...
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World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ...
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