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The 13 Martyrs Of Arad
The Thirteen Martyrs of Arad ( hu, aradi vértanúk) were the thirteen Hungarian rebel generals who were executed by the Austrian Empire on 6 October 1849 in the city of Arad, then part of the Kingdom of Hungary (now in Romania), after the Hungarian Revolution (1848–1849). The execution was ordered by the Austrian general Julius Jacob von Haynau. Background In a historic speech on 3 March 1848, shortly after news of the revolution in Paris had arrived, Lajos Kossuth demanded parliamentary government for Hungary and constitutional government for the rest of Austria. The Revolution started on 15 March 1848, and after military setbacks in the winter and a successful campaign in the spring, Kossuth declared independence on 19 April 1849. By May 1849, the Hungarians controlled all of the country except Buda, which they won after a three-week bloody siege. The hopes of ultimate success, however, were frustrated by the intervention of Russia. After all appeals to other Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Hungary
The prime minister of Hungary ( hu, Magyarország miniszterelnöke) is the head of government of Hungary. The prime minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The current holder of the office is Viktor Orbán, leader of the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance, who has served since 29 May 2010. According to the Hungarian Constitution, the prime minister is nominated by the president of Hungary and formally elected by the National Assembly. Constitutionally, the president is required to nominate the leader of the political party who wins a majority of seats in the National Assembly as prime minister. If there is no party with a majority, the president holds an audience with the leaders of all parties represented in the assembly and nominates the person who is most likely to command a majority in the assembly, who is then formally elected by a simple majority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
József Nagysándor
József Nagysándor (17 October 1803, Nagyvárad (present-day Oradea, Romania) - 6 October 1849, Arad) was a honvéd general in the Hungarian Army. He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad. Family According to the records kept in the Nagyvárad-olaszi Roman Catholic Parish Church he was born on 19 August 1803 as János József Sándor in Nagyvárad (present-day Oradea) to the parents of József Sándor and Jozefa Tatzel. He had eight siblings. The family changed its name to Nagy-Sándor sometime between 1809 and 1816, the exact reason is unknown. Life He was educated at the Royal Catholic Academic Main Grammar School (now Catholic Academic Grammar School of Budapest). He began his military service in the Imperial Army in 1823, serving in the 5th and the 2nd hussar regiments. In 1844 he retired from military service. In 1848 he again entered to service; he was appointed as a major of the cavalry militia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Károly Leiningen-Westerburg
Károly Leiningen-Westerburg (german: Karl August, Graf zu Leiningen-Westerburg; 11 April 1819, Ilbenstadt (today part of Niddatal, Germany) – 6 October 1849, Arad) was a German honvéd general in the Hungarian Army, and a member of the German House of Leiningen. He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad. Early life Count Karl August was born into an old noble family in which several members pursued military careers, including his brothers Johann Ludwig (1807–1864), Viktor August (1821-1880), and Georg August (1815–1850), with the Imperial army. His father, Friedrich, Count zu Leiningen-Westerburg (1761–1839), inherited the county of Altleiningen, but had divorced his first wife, Charlotte von Zech und Rautenburg (1777–1841), in 1798 after six years of childless marriage. By the time Count Friedrich remarried Eleonore Maria Magdalena Breitwieser (1781-1841) in 1813 (initially morganatically, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilmos Lázár
Vilmos Lázár de Szkáros (24 October 1817, Nagybecskerek (present-day Zrenjanin, Serbia) – 6 October 1849, Arad) was a honvéd colonel in the Hungarian Army. He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad. According to historian Gábor Bóna, he was from a family of Hungarian nobility of Armenian descent. Life Born into an Armenian-Hungarian noble family, Lázár began his military career in 1834 when he entered the service of the 34th infantry of the Imperial army. Emperor Ferdinand I commissioned him as a second lieutenant in the Hussar regiment, but in 1844 he retired from a military career and returned with his wife, Baroness Mária Revitzky to his estate farm in Zemplén. In 1847 he was the main cashier of the railway company. As a result of the 1848 uprising, he volunteered his service into the Hungarian honvéd army. He became a lieutenant of the 39. Győr battalions on 19 October, and on 13 Novemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
György Lahner
György Lahner (also ''Láner'' or ''Láhner'', german: Georg Lahner; 6 October 1795, in Necpál (present-day Necpaly, Slovakia) – 6 October 1849, in Arad) was a honvéd general in the Hungarian Army. He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Although t ..., and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad. Life Lahner was born in Necpál, Turóc County in 1795, to a German bourgeois family. Lahner's military career in the Imperial army began in 1816 when he joined the 33rd infantry. His wife, Conchetti Lucia, was of Italian descent, who bore him a daughter from this marriage.Özvegye eleinte Damjanichné édesanyjánál lakott, majd Makón, a Návay család vendégeként. Később visszatért Olaszországba, és 1895 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Károly Knezić
Károly Knezić ( hu, Knézich Károly; 6 September 1808, Veliki Grđevac - 6 October 1849, Arad) was a honvéd general in the Hungarian Army. On his father's side he had Croatian roots, while his mother was a Hungarian. He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad. Family His father was of Croatian descent but in service to the Austrian border guard as an officer near Knezic. His mother, Borbála Benkő, was of Hungarian-Serbian descent, related to Mihajlo Latas, a Serb military officer in the Austrian Empire who later escaped and became known as the Turkish general Omar Pasha. Life He graduated from a military academy and had a quiet early career. Sometime around 1842 he was engaged to Katalin Kapitány (†1853), the daughter of the senator of Eger, Mihály Kapitány. They were married in June 1844 in the Cathedral of EgerVasárnapi Újság 1898/22 (május 29) - this time Knezić was a commanding captain. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernő Kiss
Ernő Kiss (13 June 1799, in Temesvár – 6 October 1849, in Arad) was a honvéd (Hungarian Army) lieutenant-general. He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad. Ernő Kiss was from a Transylvanian family with Armenian roots. Family Kiss was born into a wealthy aristocratic family of Armenian origin. The original name of the family was Ázád. His grandfather was Izsák Kiss, who by redeeming the Saxon tithes in Transylvania made useful services to the treasury. In 1782 for this he earned for himself and his heirs two estates in Torontál County which after his death in 1807 went to the family. His father was Ágoston Kiss and his mother was Anna Bogdanovics who after had been early widowed married later with Ernő Leuven. He had two siblings: Gergely who died in 1815, and a sister Mária who became the wife of István Pejachevich. His wife was Krisztina Horváth, and they had three daughters: *Ernesztin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arisztid Dessewffy
Arisztid Dessewffy de Csernek et Tarkő (; 2 July 1802, in Csákány (present-day Čakanovce, Slovakia) – 6 October 1849, in Arad) was a honvéd general in the Hungarian Army. He was executed for his part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and is considered one of the 13 Martyrs of Arad. He commanded 100,000 men against Russian troops and surrendered because of the massive size of the encroaching Russian army. By doing so, he spared his men. On the night of his execution, he was said to be sleeping, with no anxiety about his impending death. He was executed around 4 AM by firing squad, along with two others. The Prince of Liechtenstein intervened at the last minute to spare the three from hanging, which was considered public humiliation. Life He was born into the wealthy Hungarian, evangelical Abaúj family. He graduated high school in Kassa ( Košice) and Eperjes ( Prešov) and, at 18, applied to the Imperial Army 5th (Radetzky) hussar regiment cadets. Over a long p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
János Damjanich
János Damjanich ( sr, Јован Дамјанић, Jovan Damjanić; 8 December 18046 October 1849) was an Austrian military officer who became general of the Hungarian Revolutionary Army in 1848. He is considered a national hero in Hungary. Early life Damjanich was born in Staza in Croatian Military Frontier (now part of Sunja, Croatia). His mother was a daughter of general Taborović. His wife Emilija Čarnić was related to the Čarnojević family. Military career Damjanich entered the army as an officer in the 61st regiment, and on the outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was promoted to be a major in the 3rd Honvéd battalion at Szeged. Although an Orthodox Serb, he was from the beginning a devoted adherent of the Hungarian liberals. This cites Ödön Hamvay, ''Life of János Damjanich'' (Hung.), (Budapest, 1904). His ability and valour at the battles of Alibunár (Serbian: Alibunar, German: Alisbrunn) and Temesőr (German: Lagerdorf) in 1848 led to hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lajos Aulich
Lajos Aulich (25 August 1793 – 6 October 1849) was the third Minister of War of Hungary. A professional soldier and lieutenant colonel in the Austrian Army, he fought against Habsburg oppression. At them time of the War of Hungarian Independence (1848–1849) during the Spring Campaign, Aulich commanded an army, who gathered, and prepared for the great Battle of Isaszeg. He became a honvédség (Hungarian Army) colonel on 2 October 1848, and was named General at the Battle of Kápolna. He was a stickler for the rules: when Lajos Kossuth sent him requests, he answered: "please work through Görgey." Due to his gout Gout ( ) is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot and swollen joint, caused by deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals. Pain typically comes on rapidly, reaching maximal intens ..., he was relieved of field duty and appointed Minister of War on 14 July 1849. He was executed less than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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