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Thaumastocyoninae
Thaumastocyoninae is an extinct subfamily of amphicyonids, large terrestrial carnivores, which inhabited what is now Europe during the Miocene epoch. The subfamily was erected by Hürzeler (1940), and is defined by the complete suppression of m1 metaconid, reduction of the premolars, except the p4, which is reinforced, and the oblique abrasion of the teeth, and the possession of hypercarnivorous tendencies. Thaumastocyonines are poorly known, with only about 65 dental specimens, most of those isolated teeth, being known as of 2020,Morlo M, Bastl K, Habersetzer J, Engel T, Lischewsky B, Lutz H, von Berg A, Rabenstein R, Nagel D. 2020The apex of amphicyonid hypercarnivory: solving the riddle of ''Agnotherium antiquum'' Kaup, 1833 (Mammalia, Carnivora).Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39(5):e1705848 DOI 10.1080/02724634.2019.1705848. although more complete remains have recently been discovered. Evolution and phylogeny The first thaumastocyonines appear during the earliest Miocen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agnotherium
''Agnotherium'' is a genus of large sized carnivoran mammals, belonging to the Amphicyonidae ("bear dogs"), which has been found in Western Europe, and possibly Northern Africa, and lived during the Late Miocene epoch. Despite only being known from fragmentary remains, the genus notable for hypercarnivorous adaptions, which have been said to represent the "apex" among its family.Morlo M, Bastl K, Habersetzer J, Engel T, Lischewsky B, Lutz H, von Berg A, Rabenstein R, Nagel D. 2020The apex of amphicyonid hypercarnivory: solving the riddle of Agnotherium antiquum Kaup, 1833 (Mammalia, Carnivora).Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39(5):e1705848 DOI 10.1080/02724634.2019.1705848. History and naming The genus ''Agnotherium'' was created by Johann Jakob von Kaup, based on a single molar (HLMD Din 1143) found in the Eppelsheim Formation, more well known as Dinotheriensande, located in southwestern Germany. Kaup, who described many Eppelsheim mammals, including such famous ones as ''D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bear Dogs
Amphicyonidae is an extinct Family (biology), family of Terrestrial animal, terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia. They first appeared in North America in the middle Eocene (around 45 mya), spread to Europe by the late Eocene (35 mya), and appear in Asia, and Africa by the early Miocene (23 mya). They had largely disappeared worldwide by the late Miocene (8 mya), with the latest recorded species at the end of the Miocene in Pakistan. They were among the first carnivorans to evolve large body size. Later in their history, they came into competition with Hesperocyoninae, hesperocyonine and Borophaginae, borophagine Canidae, canids. As dogs evolved similar body sizes and cranial and dental adaptations, the rise of these groups may have led to their extinction. Amphicyonids are often colloquially referred to as "bear-dogs". Taxonomy The family was erected by Haeckel (1886) [also attributed to Trouessart (1885)]. Their exact position has long been disputed. So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammitocyon
''Ammitocyon'' is a genus of large sized carnivoran mammals, belonging to the Amphicyonidae ("bear dogs"), that lived during the Late Miocene in what is now Spain. It is notable for its extreme adaptations towards hypercarnivory, its extremely robust skeleton, and was one of the last surviving members of its family. History and naming ''Ammitocyon'' was described in the year 2021 by Morales et al. based on comparatively complete remains, originally classified as belonging to '' Thaumastocyon'', enabling a greater understanding of the subfamily Thaumastocyoninae, hitherto only known from fragmentary material. Holotype is the pair of hemimandibles BAT-3'09.1239 and BAT-3'08.604, which belong to the same individual. BAT-3'10.1689 (a skull with strong signs of corrosion, especially in the dorsal region, belonging to a senile individual) and BAT-3'11.453 (a complete mandible belonging to the same individual), as well as the isolated left m2 BAT-3'09.1124, have been designated as par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ysengrinia
''Ysengrinia'' is an extinct genus of carnivoran in the family Amphicyonidae (beardogs), which lived in Europe, Asia, and North America during the Early Miocene. It was also reported from Egypt and Namibia, but this material has been reassigned to other genera of beardogs ('' Namibiocyon'' and '' Mogharacyon''). Description In North America, ''Ysengrinia'' was part of the faunal turnover ∼23 to 18 Ma, when native larger creodonts and carnivores (including the beardog ''Daphoenus'') were replaced by species emigrating from Eurasia. The genus established a presence across the continent; along with the wide distribution of fossils globally, this suggests ''Ysengrinia'' was flexible in its habits. North American fossil sediments suggest that individuals often lived or found food along rivers and near waterholes. The species may have been dimorphic, with larger males (as in canids and felids Felidae () is the family of mammals in the order Carnivora colloquially referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphicyonidae
Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia. They first appeared in North America in the middle Eocene (around 45 mya), spread to Europe by the late Eocene (35 mya), and appear in Asia, and Africa by the early Miocene (23 mya). They had largely disappeared worldwide by the late Miocene (8 mya), with the latest recorded species at the end of the Miocene in Pakistan. They were among the first carnivorans to evolve large body size. Later in their history, they came into competition with hesperocyonine and borophagine canids. As dogs evolved similar body sizes and cranial and dental adaptations, the rise of these groups may have led to their extinction. Amphicyonids are often colloquially referred to as "bear-dogs". Taxonomy The family was erected by Haeckel (1886) lso attributed to Trouessart (1885) Their exact position has long been disputed. Some early paleontologists defined them as members of the family Canidae, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphicyoninae
Amphicyoninae is a subfamily of extinct bear-dogs, large terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia and which inhabited North America, Eurasia, and Africa from ~37.2—2.6 Ma. Amphicyoninae existed for approximately ~. Amphicyoninae was named by Trouessart (1885). It was assigned to Canidae by Matthew (1902); to Ursidae by Ginsburg (1977); and to Amphicyonidae by Hunt (1998). Genera include: *''Agnotherium'', found in both Europe and N. Africa *''Amphicyon'', found in both Europe and N. America *''Cynelos'', synonyms include ''Absonodaphoenus'' (from Florida) and ''Hecubides'' (from Africa), endemic to N. America *'' Cynodictis'' *''Ischyrocyon'', ''Hadrocyon'' is a synonym, endemic to N. America *''Goupilictis'' *''Magericyon'' *''Pliocyon'', endemic to N. America *''Pseudocyon'', ''Amphicyonopsis'' is a synonym, endemic to Europe and N. America *''Ysengrinia'', found in both Europe and N. America Fossil distribution Specimens have been recovered from: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Carnivorans Of Europe
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene Europe
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil Taxa Described In 1940
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the absolute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with systema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynelos
'' Cynelos'' is a large extinct genus of bear dogs which inhabited North America, Europe, and Africa from the Early Miocene subepoch to the Late Miocene subepoch 20.4—13.7 Annum, Mya, existing for approximately . Species * ''C. caroniavorus'' White, 1942 * ''C. idoneus'' Matthew, 1924 * ''C. lemanensis'' Pomel, 1846 * ''C. malasi'' Hunt & Stepleton, 2015 * ''C. stenos''Hunt Jr. and Yatkola, 2020Hunt R. M. Jr & Yatkola D. A. 2020. * ''C. jitu''Morlo, 2021 A new species of the amphicyonid carnivore ''Cynelos'' Jourdan, 1862 from the early Miocene of North America, in Bonis L. de & Werdelin L. (eds), Memorial to Stéphane Peigné: Carnivores (Hyaenodonta and Carnivora) of the Cenozoic. ''Geodiversitas'' 42 (5): 57-67. https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a5. http://geodiversitas.com/42/5 * ''C. sinapius'' Matthew, 1902 References Miocene mammals of North America Miocene mammals of Europe Miocene mammals of Africa Miocene bear dogs Prehistoric carnivoran genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daphoenodon
''Daphoenodon'' is an extinct genus of terrestrial carnivore, which lived in the early Miocene and belonged to the family Amphicyonidae ("bear dogs") of the suborder Caniformia Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans. They include dogs (wolves, foxes, etc.), bears, raccoons, and mustelids. The Pinnipedia (seals, walruses and sea lions) are also assigned to this group. .... The species of ''Daphoenodon'' are characterized by limbs that are specialized in fore and aft movement, as well as a body alignment that results in a lengthened stride. Hunt, R.M. (2009). "Long-Legged Pursuit Carnivorans (Amphicyonidae, Daphoeninae) from the Early Miocene of North America". ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.'' 318: 1-95. Species ''D.'' ''falkenbachi'' was a larger species that was found in northern Goshen, southeastern Platte Counties, Wyoming, and Nebraska. A smaller species, ''D. skinneri'', was found in southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
