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Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa
The Special Organization ( ota, تشکیلات مخصوصه, ''Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa'', or ) was a paramilitary organization in the Ottoman Empire known for its key role in the commission of the Armenian genocide. Originally organized under the Ministry of War, the organization was shifted to answer directly to the ruling party Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) in February 1915. Led by Bahaeddin Şakir and Nazım Bey and formed in early 1914 of tribesmen (especially Circassians and Kurds) as well as more than 10,000 convicted criminals—offered a chance to redeem themselves if they served the state—as a force independent of the regular army that could be used to attack civilians. It was the progenitor of the National Security Service of the Republic of Turkey, which was itself the predecessor of the modern National Intelligence Organization. Origins The exact date of establishment is unclear or disputed. According to some researchers, the organization might have been e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Süleyman Askeri Bey
Suleyman or Süleyman is a variant of Suleiman (the Arabic name ). It means "man of peace". Notable people with the name include: Suleyman *Suleyman I of Rûm or Suleiman ibn Qutulmish (d. 1086), founder of an independent Seljuq Turkish state in Anatolia *Suleyman (mansa), mansa of Mali (1341–1360) *Sulayman al-Arabi, wali of Barcelona *Suleyman Shah (d. 1227 or 1228), grandfather of Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire *Chimene Suleyman, 21st-century UK-born US-based writer Süleyman *Süleyman Aktaş, Turkish serial killer *Süleyman Atlı (born 1994), Turkish freestyle sport wrestler *Süleyman Başak, Turkish economist * Süleyman Demirel, Turkish politician * Süleyman Fehim, Ottoman teacher and poet *Süleyman Nazif Süleyman Nazif ( ota, سلیمان نظیف; 29 January 1870 – 4 January 1927) was a Turkish poet and a prominent member of the CUP. He mastered Arabic, Persian, and French languages and worked as a civil servant during the reign of ..., T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Genocide
The Greek genocide (, ''Genoktonia ton Ellinon''), which included the Pontic genocide, was the systematic killing of the Christians, Christian Ottoman Greeks, Ottoman Greek population of Anatolia which was carried out mainly during World War I and Aftermath of World War I, its aftermath (1914–1922) on the basis of their religion and ethnicity. It was perpetrated by the government of the Ottoman Empire led by the Three Pashas and by the Government of the Grand National Assembly led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, against the indigenous Ottoman Greeks, Greek population of the Empire. The genocide included massacres, forced deportations involving death marches through the Syrian Desert, expulsions, summary executions, and the destruction of Eastern Orthodox cultural, historical, and religious monuments. Several hundred thousand Ottoman Greeks died during this period. Most of the refugees and survivors fled to Greece (adding over a quarter to the prior population of Greece). Some, espe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assyrian Genocide
The Sayfo or the Seyfo (; see below), also known as the Assyrian genocide, was the mass slaughter and deportation of Assyrian / Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan province by Ottoman forces and some Kurdish tribes during World War I. The Assyrians were divided into mutually antagonistic churches, including the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Church of the East, and the Chaldean Catholic Church. Before World War I, they lived in mountainous and remote areas of the Ottoman Empire (some of which were effectively stateless). The empire's nineteenth-century centralization efforts led to increased violence and danger for the Assyrians. Mass killing of Assyrian civilians began during the Ottoman occupation of Azerbaijan from January to May 1915, during which massacres were committed by Ottoman forces and pro-Ottoman Kurds. In Bitlis province, Ottoman troops returning from Persia joined local Kurdish tribes to massacre the local Christian population ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerard Libaridian
Gerard Jirair Libaridian ( hy, Ժիրայր Լիպարիտեան, born 1945 in Beirut, Lebanon) is an Armenian American historian and politician. Biography From 1991 to 1997, he served as adviser, and then senior adviser to the former President of Armenia, Levon Ter-Petrosyan, and was closely involved in the Karabakh negotiations. In 2007, Libaridian was appointed the Director of Armenian Studies Program at the University of Michigan. He holds the Alex Manoogian Chair in Modern Armenian History at the University of Michigan. He has provided occasional commentary on relations between Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey, including on the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. In 2012, he had warned that Armenia would "remain weak" if it did not settle the Karabakh conflict. In 1995 the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe wrote that Libaridian had been a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation The Armenian Revolutionary Federation ( hy, Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշն ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behaeddin Shakir
Baha al-Din or Bahaa ad-Din ( ar, بهاء الدين, Bahāʾ al-Dīn, splendour of the faith), or various variants like Bahauddin, Bahaeddine or (in Turkish) Bahattin, may refer to: Surname * A. K. M. Bahauddin, Bangladeshi politician and the Member of Parliament from Comilla *Salaheddine Bahaaeddin (born 1950), Kurdish Iraqi politician Middle name *AFM Bahauddin Nasim, Bangladeshi politician and former Member of Parliament from Madaripur Given name * Bahaedin Adab (1945–2007), Iranian Kurdish politician and engineer *Bahauddin Baha (born 1942), contemporary Afghan judge *Bahauddin Dagar (born 1970), Indian musician * Mufti Baha-ud-din Farooqi, contemporary Indian judge * Bahaddin Gaziyev (born 1965), Azerbaijani journalist *Rafic Hariri, full name: Rafic Baha El Deen Al-Hariri (1944–2005), Lebanese businessman and politician * Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad (born 1949), Egyptian former Muslim sheikh who converted to Christianity *Qawwal Bahauddin Khan (1934–2006), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Courts-Martial Of 1919–20
Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire * Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkey), 1299–1922, previously sometimes known as the Turkish Empire ** Ottoman Turkish, the Turkish language used in the Ottoman Empire * Turkish Airlines, an airline * Turkish music (style), a musical style of European composers of the Classical music era See also * * * Turk (other) * Turki (other) * Turkic (other) * Turkey (other) * Turkiye (other) * Turkish Bath (other) * Turkish population, the number of ethnic Turkish people in the world * Culture of Turkey * History of Turkey ** History of the Republic of Turkey The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumelia
Rumelia ( ota, روم ايلى, Rum İli; tr, Rumeli; el, Ρωμυλία), etymologically "Land of the Names of the Greeks#Romans (Ῥωμαῖοι), Romans", at the time meaning Eastern Orthodox Christians and more specifically Christians from the Byzantine Rite, Byzantine rite, was the name of a historical region in Southeastern Europe that was administered by the Ottoman Empire, corresponding to the Balkans. In its wider sense, it was used to refer to all Ottoman possessions and Vassal state, vassals in Europe that would later be geopolitically classified as "the Balkans". During the period of its existence, it was more often known in English as Ottoman Empire, Turkey in Europe. Etymology ''Rûm'' in this context means "Greek", or a Christian Greek speaker and ''ėli'' means "land" and ''Rumelia'' ( ota, روم ايلى, ''Rūm-ėli''; Turkish language, Turkish: ''Rumeli'') means "Land of the Romans" in Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish. It refers to the lands co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdish Tribes
The following is a list of tribes of Kurdish people, an Iranic ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in Western Asia. Iraq Baghdad Governorate The following tribes are present in Baghdad Governorate: * Feyli tribe Diyala Governorate The following tribes are present in Diyala Governorate: * Bajalan tribe *Biban tribe *Dilo tribe * Feyli tribe * Hamawand tribe *Jaff tribe *Kaganlu tribe *Kaka'i tribe (Yarsanism) *Kakevar tribe * Kalhor tribe *Leylani tribe *Mamhajan tribe *Palani tribe *Qarah Alush tribe * Suramiri * Şêxbizin tribe *Tilishani tribe *Umarmil tribe *Zargush tribe *Zand tribe *Zangana tribe Dohuk Governorate The following tribes are present in Dohuk Governorate: *Babiri tribe *Bamernî tribe * Barzani tribe *Basidkî tribe (Yezidi) *Berwari tribe *Belesinî tribe (Yezidi) *Birîmenî tribe (Yezidi) *Dina tribe (Yezidi) *Dinnadi tribe (Yezidi) *Kochar tribe *Dolamarî tribe *Doski tribe *Dumilî tribe (Yezidi) *Ertuşi tribe *Guli tribe *Hewêrî ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talaat Pasha
Mehmed Talaat (1 September 187415 March 1921), commonly known as Talaat Pasha or Talat Pasha,; tr, Talat Paşa, links=no was an Ottoman politician and convicted war criminal of the late Ottoman Empire who served as its leader from 1913 to 1918. Talaat Pasha was chairman of the Union and Progress Party, which operated a one-party dictatorship in the Ottoman Empire, and later on became Grand Vizier (Prime Minister) during World War I. He was one of the perpetrators of the Armenian genocide and other ethnic cleansings during his time as Minister of Interior Affairs. Born in Kırcaali (Kardzhali), Adrianople (Edirne) Vilayet, Mehmed Talaat grew up to despise Sultan Abdul Hamid II's autocracy. He was an early member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), a secret revolutionary Young Turk organization, and over time became its leader. After the CUP succeeded in restoring the constitution and parliament in the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, Talaat was elected as a deputy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish National Movement
The Turkish National Movement ( tr, Türk Ulusal Hareketi) encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries that resulted in the creation and shaping of the modern Republic of Turkey, as a consequence of the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and the subsequent occupation of Constantinople and partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by the Allies under the terms of the Armistice of Mudros. The Ottomans saw the movement as part of an international conspiracy against them. The Turkish revolutionaries rebelled against this partitioning and against the Treaty of Sèvres, signed in 1920 by the Ottoman government, which partitioned portions of Anatolia itself. This establishment of an alliance of Turkish revolutionaries during the partitioning resulted in the Turkish War of Independence, the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate on 1 November 1922 and the declaration of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923. The movement declared that the only so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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