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Tetrabothrius Bassani
''Tetrabothrius bassani'' is a cestoda, tapeworm in the subclass Eucestoda found in the northern gannet, ''Morus bassani''. It absorbs toxic heavy metals at a higher concentration than the gannet's own tissues, with an average 12 times as much cadmium as the gannet's pectoral muscles and 7-10 times the lead level of the bird's kidney and liver. Since levels of these toxic levels are detectable in the parasite earlier than in the host, the tapeworm might be used as an early indicator of marine pollution. References Eucestoda {{Cestoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyhelminthes
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek language, Greek πλατύ, ''platy'', meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), ''helminth-'', meaning "worm") are a Phylum (biology), phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, Segmentation (biology), unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates (having no coelom, body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory system, circulatory and respiratory system, respiratory organ (anatomy), organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the food cannot be processed continuously. In traditional medicinal texts, Platyhelminthes are divided into Turbellaria, which are mostly non-parasitic animals such as planarians, and three entirely p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cestoda
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes). Most of the species—and the best-known—are those in the subclass Eucestoda; they are ribbon-like worms as adults, known as tapeworms. Their bodies consist of many similar units known as proglottids—essentially packages of eggs which are regularly shed into the environment to infect other organisms. Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish infecting parasites. All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts. Typically the adults live in the digestive tracts of vertebrates, while the larvae often live in the bodies of other animals, either vertebrates or invertebrates. For example, '' Diphyllobothrium'' has at least two intermediate hosts, a crustacean and then one or more freshwater fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrabothriidea
Tetrabothriidea is an order of helminths in the class Cestoda. It consists of only one family, Tetrabothriidae. Their hosts are mainly seabirds, the rest being cetaceans and pinnipeds. Genera All of the genera of Tetrabothriidea are in the family Tetrabothriidae. * '' Anophryocephalus'' Baylis, 1922Baylis, H. A. (1922). A new cestode and other worms from Spitsbergen, with a note on two leeches. Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen. No. 6. ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'', 9, 421–427. * '' Chaetophallus'' Nybelin, 1916Nybelin, O. (1916). Neue Tetrabothriiden aus Vögeln. ''Zoologischen Anzeiger'', 47, 297–301. * '' Priapocephalus'' Nybelin, 1922Nybelin, O. (1922). Anatomisch-systematische Studien über Pseudophyllidean. ''Göteborgs Kunglia Vetenskaps och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar'', 26, 169–211. * '' Strobilocephalus'' Baer, 1932Baer, J. G. (1932). Contribution à l'étude des Cestodes de Cétacés. ''Revue Suisse De Zoologie'', 39, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrabothriidae
Tetrabothriidea is an order of helminths in the class Cestoda. It consists of only one family, Tetrabothriidae. Their hosts are mainly seabirds, the rest being cetaceans and pinnipeds. Genera All of the genera of Tetrabothriidea are in the family Tetrabothriidae. * '' Anophryocephalus'' Baylis, 1922Baylis, H. A. (1922). A new cestode and other worms from Spitsbergen, with a note on two leeches. Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen. No. 6. ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'', 9, 421–427. * '' Chaetophallus'' Nybelin, 1916Nybelin, O. (1916). Neue Tetrabothriiden aus Vögeln. ''Zoologischen Anzeiger'', 47, 297–301. * '' Priapocephalus'' Nybelin, 1922Nybelin, O. (1922). Anatomisch-systematische Studien über Pseudophyllidean. ''Göteborgs Kunglia Vetenskaps och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar'', 26, 169–211. * '' Strobilocephalus'' Baer, 1932Baer, J. G. (1932). Contribution à l'étude des Cestodes de Cétacés. ''Revue Suisse De Zoologie'', 39, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrabothrius
''Tetrabothrius'' is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Tetrabothriidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *'' Tetrabothrius affinis'' *'' Tetrabothrius argentinum'' *''Tetrabothrius arsenyevi'' *'' Tetrabothrius baeri'' *'' Tetrabothrius bairdi'' *''Tetrabothrius bassani'' *'' Tetrabothrius campanulatus'' *'' Tetrabothrius creani'' *'' Tetrabothrius curilensis'' *''Tetrabothrius cylindraceus'' *''Tetrabothrius diomedea'' *'' Tetrabothrius diplosoma'' *''Tetrabothrius drygalskii'' *'' Tetrabothrius egregius'' *''Tetrabothrius erostris'' *'' Tetrabothrius eudyptidis'' *'' Tetrabothrius fallax'' *'' Tetrabothrius filiformis'' *''Tetrabothrius forsteri'' *''Tetrabothrius fuhrmanni'' *''Tetrabothrius gracilis'' *''Tetrabothrius heteroclitus'' *''Tetrabothrius heterosoma'' *''Tetrabothrius hobergi'' *''Tetrabothrius hoyeri'' *''Tetrabothrius immerinus'' *''Tetrabothrius innominatus'' *''Tetrabothrius jaegerskioeldi'' *'' Tetrabothr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cestoda
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes). Most of the species—and the best-known—are those in the subclass Eucestoda; they are ribbon-like worms as adults, known as tapeworms. Their bodies consist of many similar units known as proglottids—essentially packages of eggs which are regularly shed into the environment to infect other organisms. Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish infecting parasites. All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts. Typically the adults live in the digestive tracts of vertebrates, while the larvae often live in the bodies of other animals, either vertebrates or invertebrates. For example, '' Diphyllobothrium'' has at least two intermediate hosts, a crustacean and then one or more freshwater fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucestoda
Eucestoda, commonly referred to as tapeworms, is the larger of the two Class (biology), subclasses of flatworms in the class Cestoda (the other subclass is Cestodaria). Larvae have six posterior hooks on the scolex (head), in contrast to the ten-hooked Cestodaria. All tapeworms are Parasitism, endoparasites of vertebrates, living in the digestive tract or related ducts. Examples are the pork tapeworm (''Taenia solium'') with a human Host (biology)#Definitive and secondary hosts, definitive host, and pigs as the Host (biology)#Definitive and secondary hosts, secondary host, and ''Moniezia expansa'', the definitive hosts of which are ruminants. Body structure Adult Eucestoda have a white-opaque dorso-ventrally flattened appearance, and are elongated, ranging in length from a few millimeters to 25 meters. Almost all members, except members of the orders Caryophyllidea and Spathebothriidea, are polyzoism, polyzoic with repeated sets of reproductive organs down the body length, and al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Gannet
The northern gannet (''Morus bassanus'') is a seabird, the largest species of the gannet family, Sulidae. It is native to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, breeding in Western Europe and Northeastern North America. It is the largest seabird in the northern Atlantic. The sexes are similar in appearance. The adult northern gannet has a mainly white streamlined body with a long neck, and long and slender wings. It is long with a wingspan. The head and nape have a buff tinge that is more prominent in breeding season, and the wings are edged with dark brown-black feathers. The long, pointed bill is blue-grey, contrasting with black, bare skin around the mouth and eyes. Juveniles are mostly grey-brown, becoming increasingly white in the five years it takes them to reach maturity. Nesting takes place in colonies on both sides of the North Atlantic, the largest of which are at Bass Rock (75,000 pairs as of 2014), St. Kilda (60,000 pairs as of 2013) and Ailsa Craig (33,000 pairs as of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxic Heavy Metal
A toxic heavy metal is any relatively dense metal or metalloid that is noted for its potential toxicity, especially in environmental contexts. The term has particular application to cadmium, mercury and lead, all of which appear in the World Health Organization's list of 10 chemicals of major public concern. Other examples include manganese, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, antimony and thallium. Heavy metals are found naturally in the earth. They become concentrated as a result of human caused activities and can enter plant and animal (including human) tissues via inhalation, diet, and manual handling. Then, they can bind to and interfere with the functioning of vital cellular components. The toxic effects of arsenic, mercury, and lead were known to the ancients, but methodical studies of the toxicity of some heavy metals appear to date from only 1868. In humans, heavy metal poisoning is generally treated by the administration of chelating agents. Some elements o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, silvery-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it demonstrates oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds, and like mercury, it has a lower melting point than the transition metals in groups 3 through 11. Cadmium and its congeners in group 12 are often not considered transition metals, in that they do not have partly filled ''d'' or ''f'' electron shells in the elemental or common oxidation states. The average concentration of cadmium in Earth's crust is between 0.1 and 0.5 parts per million (ppm). It was discovered in 1817 simultaneously by Stromeyer and Hermann, both in Germany, as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Cadmium occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and is a byproduct of zinc production. Cadmium was used for a long time as a corrosion-resistant plating on steel, and cadmium compounds are used as red, orang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectoral Muscle
Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as "pecs") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder. This region contains four muscles that provide movements to the upper limbs or ribs. Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped or triangular convergent muscle, which makes up the bulk of the chest muscle. It lies under the breast. It serves to flex, extend, and rotate the humerus, the long bone of the upper arm. Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. It attaches to the ribs, and serves to stabilize the scapula, the large bone of the shoulder. The pectoral fascia is a thin layer of tissue over the pectoralis major, extending toward the latissimus dorsi muscle on the back. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, the subclavius muscle forms the axilla or armpit. The subclavius moves the shoulder downward and forward. Serratus anterior is another muscle on the front ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
