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Teshuvah
Repentance ( he, תשובה, literally, "return", pronounced ''tshuva'' or ''teshuva'') is one element of atoning for sin in Judaism. Judaism recognizes that everybody sins on occasion, but that people can stop or minimize those occasions in the future by repenting for past transgressions. Thus, the primary purpose of repentance in Judaism is ethical self transformation.Telushkin, Joseph. ''A Code of Jewish Ethics: Volume 1 - You Shall Be Holy''. New York: Bell Tower, 2006. p. 152-173. A Jewish penitent is traditionally known as a ''baal teshuva''. A ''baal teshuva'' is even more revered in the Jewish tradition than a tzadik, righteous person. Repentance and creation According to the Talmud, God created repentance before He created the physical universe, making it among the first things created. ('' Nedarim'' 39b). Scherman, Nosson. "An Overview - Day of Atonement and Purity." An Overview. ''The Complete ArtScroll Machzor: Yom Kippur''. By Scherman. Trans. Scherman. Brooklyn, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten Days Of Repentance
The Ten Days of Repentance ( he, עֲשֶׂרֶת יְמֵי תְּשׁוּבָה, ''ʿǍseret yəmēy təšūvā'') Hebrew aˈseʁet jeˈmeiː teʃuːˈvaːhare the first ten days of the Hebrew month of Tishrei, usually sometime in the month of September, beginning with the Jewish New Year Rosh Hashanah and ending with the conclusion of Yom Kippur. Introduction During this time it is considered appropriate for Jews to practice ''Teshuvah'' (literally: "returning" or "repentance") which is examining one's ways, engaging in repentance and the improvement of their ways in anticipation of Yom Kippur. A "penitent" is referred to as a baal teshuva ("master frepentance"). This repentance can be expressed in early morning prayers, known as ''selichot'', which capture the penitential spirit appropriate to the occasion and charity, acts of ''Hesed'' ("loving-kindness"), or self-reflection. The days The first two days of the Ten Days of Repentance are on R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yonah Gerondi
Rabbi Jonah ben Abraham Gerondi ( he, יוֹנָה בֶּן־אַבְרָהָם גִירוֹנְדִי ''Yōnāh bēn-ʾAvrāhām Gīrōndī'', "Jonah son of Abraham the Gironan"; died 1264), also known as Jonah of Girona and Rabbeinu Yonah (), was a Catalan rabbi and moralist, cousin of Nahmanides. He is most famous for his ethical work ''The Gates of Repentance'' ( he, שערי תשובה). Biography Much of what is known about his life comes from a responsum by Solomon ben Simon Duran, one of his descendants. Jonah Gerondi came from Girona, in Catalonia (present-day Spain). He was the most prominent pupil of Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier, the leader of the opponents of Maimonides' philosophical works, and was one of the signers of the ban proclaimed in 1233 against ''The Guide for the Perplexed'' and the ''Sefer ha-Madda''. According to his pupil, Hillel ben Samuel, Gerondi was the instigator of the public burning of Maimonides' writings by order of the autho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baal Teshuva
In Judaism, a ''ba'al teshuvah'' ( he, בעל תשובה; for a woman, , or ; plural, , , 'master of return God]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a Jewish secularism, secular lifestyle or a less stringent form of Judaism. Originally, the term referred to a Jew who transgressed the ''halakhah'' (Jewish law) knowingly or unknowingly and completed a process of introspection to "return" to the full observance of God's '' mitzvot''. According to the ''Mishneh Torah'' of Maimonides, the Talmud says that a true ''ba'al teshuvah'' stands higher in ''shamayim'' (lit. 'heaven') than a "frum from birth", even higher than a tzadik: In modern times, the phrase is primarily used to refer to a Jew from a non-Orthodox background who becomes religiously observant in an Orthodox fashion. However, there is no strict definition of a ''ba'al teshuva'' and so the concept can also encompass Orthodox-leaning Jews who become stricter i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mishneh Torah
The ''Mishneh Torah'' ( he, מִשְׁנֵה תּוֹרָה, , repetition of the Torah), also known as ''Sefer Yad ha-Hazaka'' ( he, ספר יד החזקה, , book of the strong hand, label=none), is a code of Rabbinic Jewish religious law (''halakha'') authored by Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon/Rambam). The ''Mishneh Torah'' was compiled between 1170 and 1180 CE (4930 and 4940 AM), while Maimonides was living in Egypt, and is regarded as Maimonides' ''magnum opus''. Accordingly, later sources simply refer to the work as "''Maimon''", "''Maimonides''", or "''RaMBaM''", although Maimonides composed other works. ''Mishneh Torah'' consists of fourteen books, subdivided into sections, chapters, and paragraphs. It is the only Medieval-era work that details all of Jewish observance, including those laws that are only applicable when the Temple in Jerusalem is in existence, and remains an important work in Judaism. Its title is an appellation originally used for the Biblical boo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maimonides
Musa ibn Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (); la, Moses Maimonides and also referred to by the acronym Rambam ( he, רמב״ם), was a Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. In his time, he was also a preeminent astronomer and physician, serving as the personal physician of Saladin. Born in Córdoba, Almoravid Empire (present-day Spain), on Passover eve, 1138 (or 1135), he worked as a rabbi, physician and philosopher in Morocco and Egypt. He died in Egypt on 12 December 1204, when his body was taken to the lower Galilee and buried in Tiberias. During his lifetime, most Jews greeted Maimonides' writings on Jewish law and ethics with acclaim and gratitude, even as far away as Iraq and Yemen. Yet, while Maimonides rose to become the revered head of the Jewish community in Egypt, his writings also had vociferous critics, particularly in Spain. Nonetheless, he was posthumously ackno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Holidays
The High Holidays also known as the High Holy Days, or Days of Awe in Judaism, more properly known as the Yamim Noraim ( he, יָמִים נוֹרָאִים, ''Yāmīm Nōrāʾīm''; "Days of Awe") #strictly, the holidays of Rosh HaShanah ("Jewish New Year") and Yom Kippur ("Day of Atonement"); #by extension, the period of ten days including those holidays, known also as the Ten Days of Repentance (''Aseret Yemei Teshuvah''); or, #by a further extension, the entire 40-day penitential period in the Jewish year from Rosh Chodesh Elul to Yom Kippur, traditionally taken to represent the forty days Moses spent on Mount Sinai before coming down with the second ("replacement") set of the Tablets of Stone. Etymology The term High Holy Days most probably derives from the popular English phrase, “high days and holydays”. The Hebrew equivalent, "''Yamim Noraim''" ( he, ימים נוראים), is neither Biblical nor Talmudic. Professor Ismar Elbogen, author of “Jewish Liturgy in it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shraga Silverstein
Rabbi Shraga Silverstein was a Rabbi, author, and translator. He translated a number of books, including seventeen that were not published by 2014, and wrote three books himself. He lived in Jerusalem until his death in 2014. Biography Rabbi Shraga Silverstein graduated from Brooklyn College summa cum laude, with honours in English. He was also an alumnus of Mesivta Rabbi Chaim Berlin. He taught in universities in the United States and Israel and served as Principal of various yeshivas. Books authored * * * Translations * Shmirath Halashon (by the Chofetz Chaim) * The Knowing Heart: Da'Ath Tevunoth (by Moshe Chayim Luzzatto) * Ways of the Tzaddikim: Orchos Tzaddikim * The Gates of Repentance: Sha'arei Teshuvah (by Jonah Ben Abraham Gerondi) * The Path of the Just/Mesillat Yesharim (by Moshe Chayim Luzzatto) * Derashoth HaRan / The Discourses of the Ran (by Nissim of Gerona) * The Essential Torah Temimah (by Boruch Halevi Epstein) * The Rashi Chumash (by Rashi) * Pathways to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viduy
In Judaism, confession ( he, וִדּוּי, vīddūy) is a step in the process of atonement during which a Jew admits to committing a sin before God. In sins between a Jew and God, the confession must be done without others present (The Talmud calls confession in front of another a show of disrespect). On the other hand, confession pertaining to sins done to another person are permitted to be done publicly, and in fact Maimonides calls such confession "immensely praiseworthy". The confession of a sin in itself does not bring immediate forgiveness, but rather it marks a point in time after which a person's demonstration of the recognition and avoidance of similar future transgressions show whether they have truly recovered from the sin and therefore whether they deserve forgiveness for it. The Hebrew Bible ''Vidui'' is not found as a noun in the Hebrew Bible, but the concept of confession and the hithpael verb form of ''yadah'' (ידה) – from which ''vidui'' is derived – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nachman Of Breslov
Nachman of Breslov ( he, רַבִּי נַחְמָן מִבְּרֶסְלֶב ''Rabbī'' ''Naḥmān mīBreslev''), also known as Reb Nachman of Bratslav, Reb Nachman Breslover ( yi, רבי נחמן ברעסלאווער ''Rebe Nakhmen Breslover''), and Nachman from Uman (April 4, 1772 – October 16, 1810), was the founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement. Reb Nachman, a great-grandson of the Baal Shem Tov, revived the Hasidic movement by combining the esoteric secrets of Judaism (the Kabbalah) with in-depth Torah scholarship. He attracted thousands of followers during his lifetime, and his influence continues today through many Hasidic movements such as Breslov Hasidism. Reb Nachman's religious philosophy revolved around closeness to God and speaking to God in normal conversation "as you would with a best friend". The concept of ''hitbodedut'' is central to his thinking. Biography Reb Nachman was born on April 4, 1772 (Rosh Chodesh of Nisan) in the town of Międzybóż, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tzadik
Tzadik ( he, צַדִּיק , "righteous ne, also ''zadik'', ''ṣaddîq'' or ''sadiq''; pl. ''tzadikim'' ''ṣadiqim'') is a title in Judaism given to people considered righteous, such as biblical figures and later spiritual masters. The root of the word ''ṣadiq'', is '' ṣ- d- q'' ( ''tsedek''), which means "justice" or "righteousness". When applied to a righteous woman, the term is inflected as ''tzadika/tzaddikot''. ''Tzadik'' is also the root of the word ''tzedakah'' ('charity', literally 'righteousness'). The term ''tzadik'' "righteous", and its associated meanings, developed in rabbinic thought from its Talmudic contrast with ''hasid'' ("pious" honorific), to its exploration in ethical literature, and its esoteric spiritualisation in Kabbalah. Since the late 17th century, in Hasidic Judaism, the institution of the mystical tzadik as a divine channel assumed central importance, combining popularization of (hands-on) Jewish mysticism with social movement for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoshana Rabbah
Hoshana Rabbah ( arc, הוֹשַׁעְנָא רַבָּא, , Great Hoshana/Supplication) is the seventh day of the Jewish holiday of Sukkot, the 21st day of the month of Tishrei. This day is marked by a special synagogue service, the Hoshana Rabbah, in which seven circuits are made by the worshippers with their lulav and etrog, while the congregation recites ''Hoshanot''. It is customary for the scrolls of the Torah to be removed from the ark during this procession. In a few communities a ''shofar'' is sounded after each circuit. Themes Final judgment Hoshana Rabbah is known as the last of the Days of Judgment, which begin on Rosh Hashana. The Zohar says that while the judgment for the new year is sealed on Yom Kippur, it is not "delivered" until the end of Sukkot (i.e., Hoshana Rabbah, the last day of Sukkot), during which time one can still alter their verdict and decree for the new year. Consequently, an Aramaic blessing that Jews give each other on Hoshana Rabbah, פת ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Repentance
Repentance is reviewing one's actions and feeling contrition or regret for past wrongs, which is accompanied by commitment to and actual actions that show and prove a change for the better. In modern times, it is generally seen as involving a commitment to personal change and the resolve to live a more responsible and humane life. In other words, being sorry for one's misdeeds. It can also involve sorrow over a specific sin or series of sins that an individual feels guilt over, or conviction that they have committed. The practice of repentance plays an important role in the soteriological doctrines of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Analogous practices have been found in other world religions as well. In religious contexts, it often involves an act of confession to God or to a spiritual elder (such as a monk or priest). This confession might include an admission of guilt, a promise or intent not to repeat the offense, an attempt to make restitution for the wrong, or in some way ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
