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Teodor Calmășul
Teodor Calmăşul was a low level boyar from the Orhei region of Bessarabia, founder of the princely family of Callimachi, the hellenized form of the name. He established himself in Câmpulung, where he founded a church. The chronicles of Ioan Canta portray him as a "good God-fearing Christian, living his life with little opportunity under the protection of the church and with other good deeds, according to his ability." Two of his sons attained important positions. Ioan Teodor Callimachi was a Prince of Moldavia from 1758 to 1761, and Gavriil Callimachi Gavriil Callimachi (; 1689—1786) was a monk at Putna Monastery who rose eventually to the position of Metropolitan of Moldavia. He was born Gheorghe Călmaşul, son of the Câmpulung headman, Teodor Călmaşul, and younger brother of Ioan Teodor ... rose to the position of Metropolitan of Moldavia which he held until his death in 1786. Sources * Nita Dan Danielescu. "Gavriil Callimachi, ctitorul Catedralei mitropolitane Sf. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and Moldavia, and later Romania, Lithuanian nobility, Lithuania and among Baltic German nobility, Baltic Germans. Boyars were second only to the ruling knyaz, princes (in Bulgaria, tsars) from the 10th century to the 17th century. The rank has lived on as a surname in Russia, Finland, Lithuania and Latvia where it is spelled ''Pajari'' or ''Bajārs/-e''. Etymology Also known as bolyar; variants in other languages include bg, боляр or ; rus, боя́рин, r=boyarin, p=bɐˈjærʲɪn; ; ro, boier, ; and el, βογιάρος. The title Boila is predecessor or old form of the title Bolyar (the Bulgarian language, Bulgarian word for Boyar). Boila was a title worn by some of the Bulgars, Bulgar aristocrats (mostly of regional governors a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orhei
Orhei (; Yiddish ''Uriv'' – אוריװ), also formerly known as Orgeev (russian: Орге́ев), is a city, municipality and the administrative centre of Orhei District in the Moldova, Republic of Moldova, with a population of 21,065. Orhei is approximately north of the capital, Chișinău. History Orhei takes its name from the Hungarian Őrhely, , as it was an outpost of the Hungarian army guarding the ''gyepű''. It was the Ottoman-occupied military center of northern Bessarabia until it was ceded to the Russian Empire in 1812. The word "orhei" was used by local population, meaning "strengthened hill, fortress, deserted courtyard". The name "Orhei" is, derived from the Hungarian language, Hungarian word Őrhely or Várhely, the earlier meaning "lookout post", dating from the 13th century, when Hungarian forces built a series of defences in the area. Orhei gets its name from Orheiul Vechi, an active monastery near the village of Ivancea. Like the rest of Bessarabia, Orhei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bessarabia
Bessarabia (; Gagauz: ''Besarabiya''; Romanian: ''Basarabia''; Ukrainian: ''Бессара́бія'') is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Ukrainian Budjak region covering the southern coastal region and part of the Ukrainian Chernivtsi Oblast covering a small area in the north. In the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812), and the ensuing Peace of Bucharest, the eastern parts of the Principality of Moldavia, an Ottoman vassal, along with some areas formerly under direct Ottoman rule, were ceded to Imperial Russia. The acquisition was among the Empire's last territorial acquisitions in Europe. The newly acquired territories were organised as the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire, adopting a name previously used for the southern plains between the Dniester and the Danube rivers. Following the Crimean War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hospodar
Hospodar or gospodar is a term of Slavonic origin, meaning "lord" or "master". Etymology and Slavic usage In the Slavonic language, ''hospodar'' is usually applied to the master/owner of a house or other properties and also the head of a family. The hospodar's house is called '' hospóda''. There is also an alternative form for the head of the household - ''gazda'', which is also common in Hungary. ''Hospod'' is used exclusively when referring to the Lord and has only a slight relation to hospodar. The pronunciation ''hospodar'' of a word written as ''господар'' in many Slavonic languages, which retains the Cyrillic script, could be due to the influence of either Ukrainian, where the first letter is pronounced as or that of the Church Slavonic, where it is pronounced as The title was used briefly towards the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. In 1394-95, Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria referred to himself not as a Tsar (as traditionally), but as a ''gospodin'' of Tar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callimachi Family
The House of Callimachi, Calimachi, or Kallimachi ( el, Καλλιμάχη, russian: Каллимаки, tr, Kalimakizade; originally ''Calmașul'' or ''Călmașu''), was a Phanariote family of mixed Moldavian (Romanian) and Greek origins. Originating in the boyardom of Orhei County, it gave Moldavia four reigning princes. The family remains present today in modern Romania. Notable members Agnatic *Vasile Călmașul, Moldavian landowner *Teodor Calmășul, Moldavian boyar *Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia (1758–1761) *Gavriil Callimachi, Orthodox monk, Metropolitan of Moldavia (?–1786) *Grigore Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia (1761–1764; 1767–1769) * Alexandru Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia (1795–1799) *Scarlat Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia (1806; ''de jure'' 1807–1810; 1812–1819); Prince of Wallachia (''de jure'' 1821) *Alexandros Kallimachis, Ottoman diplomat, Governor of Samos (1850–1854) *Scarlat Callimachi, Romanian communist activist (1896–19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Câmpulung
Câmpulung (also spelled ''Cîmpulung'', , german: Langenau, Old Romanian ''Dlăgopole'', ''Длъгополе'' (from Middle Bulgarian)), or ''Câmpulung Muscel'', is a municipality in the Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is situated among the outlying hills of the Carpathian mountains, at the head of a long well-wooded glen traversed by the Râul Târgului, a tributary of the Argeș. Its pure air and fine scenery render Câmpulung a popular summer resort. In the city there are more than twenty churches, besides a monastery and a cathedral, which both claim to have been founded in the 13th century by Radu Negru, legendary first Prince of Wallachia. Name "Câmpulung" literally means "Long Field" in Romanian, rendered as "Longus-Campus" in Latin. History Near Câmpulung are the remains of a Roman camp now known as the ''Castra of Jidava (or Jidova)''; and just beyond the gates, vestiges of a Roman colony, variously identified with Romula, Stepenium and Ulpia Traian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Canta
Ioan is a variation on the name John found in Romanian, Bulgarian, Russian, Welsh (), and Sardinian. It is usually masculine. The female equivalent in Romanian and Bulgarian is Ioana. In Russia, the name Ioann is usually reserved for the clergy (when a person called Ivan becomes a priest or a monk, he becomes known as Ioann). People with the name Romanian * Ioan-Aurel Pop, historian * Ioan Alexandru, poet * Ioan Andone, footballer and coach * Ioan Apostol, luger * Ioan Baba, poet * Ioan A. Bassarabescu, writer and politician * Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Cantacuzino, microbiologist * Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, Prince of Wallachia * Ioan Carlaonț, World War II general * Ioan Mihai Cochinescu, novelist * Ioan Condruc, footballer * Ioan P. Culianu, historian and philosopher * Ioan Dumitrache, World War II general * Ioan Fiscuteanu, actor * Ioan Flueraș, politician * Ioan Gherghel, swimmer * Ioan Iacob Heraclid, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Holender, opera a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Teodor Callimachi
John Theodore Callimachi ( ro, Ioan Teodor Callimachi; 1690–1780) was Prince of Moldavia from 1758 to 1761. Early years Ioan was the second son of Teodor Calmăşul. Teodor, born Calmăşul, changed the family name to the Greek form Callimachi (Καλλιμάχης). Ioan's older brother, Gavriil Callimachi (1689–1786) was a monk at Putna Monastery. Ioan pursued his studies at Lvov. He knew Latin, Turkish, Italian, Greek and French. Career Callimachi served in the administrations of John Mavrocordatos and of Grigore II Ghica. He was Grand Dragoman at the Ottoman Porte in Istanbul where, over the course of his sixteen years of service, he was recognized for his diplomatic ability. In 1758, he was rewarded with the position of Prince of Moldavia which he held until 1761. Callimachi retired to Constantinople where he lived for 19 years before his death. Personal life Callimachi married Ralitsa Chrysoskoleos and they had four children. Their son, Gregory Callimachi (1735 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavriil Callimachi
Gavriil Callimachi (; 1689—1786) was a monk at Putna Monastery who rose eventually to the position of Metropolitan of Moldavia. He was born Gheorghe Călmaşul, son of the Câmpulung headman, Teodor Călmaşul, and younger brother of Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia from 1758 to 1761. Gheorghe Callimachi took monks' orders at the Putna Monastery, receiving the name of Gavriil. With the aid of his brother, he is appointed archdeacon of the Ecumenical Patriarchy of Constantinople, then Metropolitan of Salonica, finally reaching the position of Metropolitan of Moldavia, position to which he is appointed by his brother upon the latters' rise to the position of ruler. Gavriil founded the Sf. George Cathedral in Iaşi, where he was later buried, on February 20, 1786. Sources *Nita Dan Danielescu. "Gavriil Callimachi, ctitorul Catedralei mitropolitane Sf. Gheorghe din Iasi" ''Ziarul Lumina,'' 2006-02-20 *Ghyka family website, genealogical tre Romanian Orthodox metropolit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
17th-century Romanian People
The 17th century lasted from January 1, 1601 ( MDCI), to December 31, 1700 ( MDCC). It falls into the early modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, the French ''Grand Siècle'' dominated by Louis XIV, the Scientific Revolution, the world's first public company and megacorporation known as the Dutch East India Company, and according to some historians, the General Crisis. From the mid-17th century, European politics were increasingly dominated by the Kingdom of France of Louis XIV, where royal power was solidified domestically in the civil war of the Fronde. The semi-feudal territorial French nobility was weakened and subjugated to the power of an absolute monarchy through the reinvention of the Palace of Versailles from a hunting lodge to a gilded prison, in which a greatly expanded royal court could be more easil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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