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Tenuivirus
''Tenuivirus'' is a plant virus genus belonging to ''Phenuiviridae'' family in the order ''Bunyavirales''. These plant viruses cause diseases in their host plants. Typical symptoms are chlorotic stripes on the affected leaves. This group of viruses make viral inclusions in infected cells which can be used to diagnose infection. Virology The virion particle consists of non-enveloped nucleocapsids that exhibit helical symmetry, forming thin, filamentous structures between 500–2100 nm long. The genomes are segmented and consist of four to six strands of negative-sense single-stranded RNA and the N-protein. These viruses are transmitted by an arthropod vectors in the families Cicadellidae or Delphacidae. ''Tenuivirus'' genome is segmented and has an ambisense coding strategy. Diseases Maize stripe disease, thought to be caused by Maize stripe virus, is a disease of Maize that is characterized by leaf blight and stunting of the plant. Rice stripe virus and Rice hoja blan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice Hoja Blanca Tenuivirus
''Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus'' (RHBV), meaning "white leaf rice virus", is a plant virus in the family ''Phenuiviridae.'' RHBV causes Hoja blanca disease (HBD), which affects the leaves of the rice plant ''Oryza sativa'', stunting the growth of the plant or killing it altogether. RHBV is carried by an insect vector, ''Tagosodes orizicolus'', a type of planthopper. The virus is found in South America, Mexico, throughout Central America, the Caribbean region, and the southern United States. In South America, the disease is endemic to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana. Virology Viral Classification RHBV is a single stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the genus ''Tenuivirus'', derived from the Latin "''tenui"'', meaning thin or weak. This comes from the nature of ''Tenuiviruses'' to form thin, filamentous viral particles. Other viruses in the genus ''Tenuivirus'' include maize stripe virus (MSV), rice stripe virus (RSV), and rice grassy stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice Hoja Blanca Virus
''Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus'' (RHBV), meaning "white leaf rice virus", is a plant virus in the family ''Phenuiviridae.'' RHBV causes Hoja blanca disease (HBD), which affects the leaves of the rice plant ''Oryza sativa'', stunting the growth of the plant or killing it altogether. RHBV is carried by an insect vector, ''Tagosodes orizicolus'', a type of planthopper. The virus is found in South America, Mexico, throughout Central America, the Caribbean region, and the southern United States. In South America, the disease is endemic to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana. Virology Viral Classification RHBV is a single stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the genus ''Tenuivirus'', derived from the Latin "''tenui"'', meaning thin or weak. This comes from the nature of ''Tenuiviruses'' to form thin, filamentous viral particles. Other viruses in the genus ''Tenuivirus'' include maize stripe virus (MSV), rice stripe virus (RSV), and rice grassy stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice Stripe Virus
''Rice stripe tenuivirus'' is an RNA plant pathogen of the genus ''Tenuivirus''.Xiong (2008) It is prevalent in Japan, China, and Korea and can infect plants of the family Poaceae, which include wheat and corn (see maize stripe virus).Wei (2009) Damage from this disease causes major reductions in rice crop yield every year. It is spread primarily by ''Laodelphax'' ''striatellus'', a small planthopper that feeds and damages rice plants by sap-sucking.Zhang (2010) Three other planthopper insects that transmit rice stripe virus include ''Unkanodes sapporona'', ''Unkanodoes albifascia'', and ''Terthron albovittatum''. The virus propagates in the planthopper and is passed down to 90% of a female's eggs.Gingery (1983) However, mechanically transmitting the virus by injecting sap from an affected plant to a healthy plant has not been widely successful. Symptoms Rice plants are susceptible to infection starting at the seedling age. The only known means of virus transmission is via plantho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice Grassy Stunt Virus
Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) is a plant pathogenic virus transmitted by the brown planthopper, ''Nilaparvata lugens'', and two other ''Nilaparvata'' species, ''N. bakeri'' and ''N. muiri''. The virus is found in South and Southeast Asia, China, Japan, and Taiwan. From 1970 to 1977, RGSV incidence was high in Indonesia. Outbreaks occurred in the Philippines from 1973 to 1977 and again from 1982 to 1983. There was significant crop loss from RGSV in parts of India in 1972–74, 1978, 1981, and 1984. High levels of RGSV were reported in Kyushu, Japan in 1978. From 2000 to 2008, the Mekong Delta of Vietnam experienced major crop losses of rice as RGSV and rice ragged stunt virus, also vectored by ''N. lugens'', occurred together.Thomas, Carla S., Noele P. Nelson, Gary C. Jahn, Tianchan Niu, David M. Hartley 2011Use of media and public-domain Internet sources for detection and assessment of plant health threats Emerging Health Threats Journal 4: 7157 - References Extern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maize Stripe Tenuivirus
''Maize stripe tenuivirus'' (MSpV) is a pathogenic plant virus Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to higher plants. M .... External linksICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Maize stripe virus Viral plant pathogens and diseases Tenuiviruses {{Virus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maize Stripe Virus
''Maize stripe tenuivirus'' (MSpV) is a pathogenic plant virus Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to higher plants. .... External linksICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Maize stripe virus Viral plant pathogens and diseases Tenuiviruses {{Virus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenuiviridae
''Phenuiviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Bunyavirales''. Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Member genus ''Phlebovirus'' is the only genus of the family that has viruses that cause disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus) except Dabie bandavirus. Virology Structure Members of ''Phenuiviridae are'' enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12). Genome ''Phenuiviridae'' is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family. Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment ( nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases. Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinochloa Hoja Blanca Tenuivirus
''Echinochloa'' is a very widespread genus of plants in the grass family and tribe Paniceae. Some of the species are known by the common names barnyard grass or cockspur grass. Some of the species within this genus are millets that are grown as cereal or fodder crops. The most notable of these are Japanese millet (''E. esculenta'') in East Asia, Indian barnyard millet (''E. frumentacea'') in South Asia, and burgu millet (''E. stagnina'') in West Africa. Collectively, the members of this genus are called barnyard grasses (though this may also refer to '' E. crus-galli'' specifically), and are also known as barnyard millets or billion-dollar grasses. When not grown on purpose, these grasses may become a nuisance to farmers. In particular, common barnyard grass (''E. crus-galli'') is notorious as a weed. It is not easily suppressed with living mulches such as velvet bean (''Mucuna pruriens'' var. ''utilis''). Early barnyard grass (''E. oryzoides'') is a well-known example of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Wheat Striate Mosaic Tenuivirus
European, or Europeans, or Europeneans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe and other Western countries * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to the European Union ** Citizenship of the European Union ** Demographics of the European Union In publishing * ''The European'' (1953 magazine), a far-right cultural and political magazine published 1953–1959 * ''The European'' (newspaper), a British weekly newspaper published 1990–1998 * ''The European'' (2009 magazine), a German magazine first published in September 2009 *''The European Magazine'', a magazine published in London 1782–1826 *''The New European'', a British weekly pop-up newspaper first published in July 2016 Other uses * * Europeans (band), a British post-punk group, from Bristol See also * * * Europe (disambi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Membrane
A biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. Biological membranes, in the form of eukaryotic cell membranes, consist of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded, integral and peripheral proteins used in communication and transportation of chemicals and ions. The bulk of lipids in a cell membrane provides a fluid matrix for proteins to rotate and laterally diffuse for physiological functioning. Proteins are adapted to high membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface of integral membrane proteins. The cell membranes are different from the isolating tissues formed by layers of cells, such as mucous membranes, basement membranes, and serous membranes. Composition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Wheat Stripe Tenuivirus
Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian languages, a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages * Iranian diaspora, Iranian people living outside Iran * Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia * Iranian foods, list of Iranian foods and dishes * Iranian.com, also known as ''The Iranian'' and ''The Iranian Times'' See also * Persian (other) * Iranians (other) * Languages of Iran * Ethnicities in Iran * Demographics of Iran * Indo-Iranian languages * Irani (other) * List of Iranians This is an alphabetic list of notable people from Iran or its historical predecessors. In the news * Ali Khamenei, supreme leader of Iran * Ebrahim Raisi, president of Iran, former Chief Justice of Iran. * Hassan Rouhani, former president o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encased in lipid bilayers, and they infect their target cells by causing the viral envelope and cell membrane to fuse. Although there are effective vaccines against some of these viruses, there is no preventative or curative medicine for the majority of them. In most cases, the known vaccines operate by inducing antibodies that prevent the pathogen from entering cells. This happens in the case of enveloped viruses when the antibodies bind to the viral envelope proteins. The membrane fusion event that triggers viral entrance is caused by the viral fusion protein. Many enveloped viruses only have one protein visible on the surface of the particle, which is required for both mediating adhesion to the cell surface and for the subsequent membrane fusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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