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Teilherzogtum
The district duchy, also known as the district principality, was a type of the state under the patrimonial system, such as duchy or principality, formed in the feudal system, as a result of land partition between the members of a royal family. It occurred in the Middle Ages and early modern period, notably in Europe, in states such as the Holy Roman Empire, Duchy of Poland, and Kievan Rus'.Tadeusz Manteuffel: ''Historia powszechna. Średniowiecze.'' Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1990, p. 250. ISBN 83-01-08685-8. Holy Roman Empire Bavaria *Bavaria-Ingolstadt * Bavaria-Landshut *Bavaria-Munich *Bavaria-Straubing Mecklenburg * Mecklenburg-Güstrow * Mecklenburg-Schwerin *Mecklenburg-Stargard *Mecklenburg-Strelitz Palatinate * Palatinate-Birkenfeld * Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler * Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen * Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken * Palatinate-Kleeburg *Palatinate-Landsberg *Palatinate-Lautern *Palatinate-Mosbach *Palatinate-Mosbach-Neumarkt * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria-Munich
Bavaria-Munich (german: Bayern-München) was a duchy that was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1392 to 1505. History After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-Landshut. After seventeen years, the brothers decided to formally divide their inheritance. John received Bavaria-Munich, Stephen received Bavaria-Ingolstadt, while Frederick kept what remained of Bavaria-Landshut. In 1429 portions of Bavaria-Straubing including the city of Straubing were united with Bavaria-Munich. The duchy existed for a little more than a hundred years before Bavaria was reunited under Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria Albert IV (15 December 1447 – 18 March 1508; german: Albrecht) was duke of Bavaria-Munich from 1467, and duke of the reunited Bavaria from 1503. Biography Albert was a son of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria and Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen .... References * {{Authority control Former states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria-Landshut
Bavaria-Landshut (german: Bayern-Landshut) was a duchy in the Holy Roman Empire from 1353 to 1503. History The creation of the duchy was the result of the death of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian. In the Treaty of Landsberg 1349, which divided up Louis's empire, his sons Stephen, William, and Albert were to receive jointly Lower Bavaria and the Netherlands. Four years later the inheritance was divided again in the Treaty of Regensburg 1353; Stephen received the new duchy of Bavaria-Landshut. In 1363 Stephen became also Duke of Upper Bavaria which was then re-united with Bavaria-Landshut. After Stephen's death his three sons ruled the duchy jointly. But in 1392 Bavaria-Landshut was divided for the three dukes and so Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt were split off. In 1429 parts of Bavaria-Straubing were united with Bavaria-Landshut, as was the entire duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt in 1447. Bavaria-Landshut was then the richest part of Bavaria, also due to the mining in Ratten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Bavaria-Ingolstadt ( or ') was a duchy which was part of the Holy Roman Empire from 1392 to 1447. History After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-Landshut. After seventeen years, the brothers decided to formally divide their inheritance. John received Bavaria-Munich, Stephen received Bavaria-Ingolstadt, while Frederick kept what remained of Bavaria-Landshut. After Stephen's death in 1413, Louis VII assumed his father's throne. In 1429 parts of Bavaria-Straubing were united with Bavaria-Ingolstadt. Louis reigned until his own son, Louis VIII, usurped his throne in 1443 and delivered him to their enemy, Henry XVI, duke of Bavaria-Landshut. Louis VIII died two years later. Louis VII died in captivity. With no heir, Bavaria-Ingolstadt was returned to Bavaria-Landshut. Geography Bavaria-Ingolstadt was cobbled together from diverse, non-contiguous territories in Bavaria. The capital was Ingolstadt and included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrimonialism
Patrimonialism is a form of governance in which all power flows directly from the ruler. There is no distinction between the public and private domains. These regimes are autocratic or oligarchic and exclude the lower, middle and upper classes from power. The leaders of these countries typically enjoy absolute personal power. Usually, the armies of these countries are loyal to the leader, not the nation. Various definitions Max Weber Julia Adams, states: "In Weber's '' Economy and Society'', patrimonialism mainly refers to forms of government that are based on rulers' family-households. The ruler's authority is personal-familial, and the mechanics of the household are the model for political administration. The concept of patrimonialism captures a distinctive style of regulation and administration that contrasts with Weber's ideal-typical rational-legal bureaucracy". She states that Weber has used patrimonialism to describe, among other systems, "estatist and absolutist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around the Duchy of Zweibrücken in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken was created in 1731 when Christian III of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld inherited the Duchy of Zweibrücken. Christian soon died in 1735 and was succeeded by his son Christian IV. Christian IV began his reign obtaining politically favourable conditions for his state, and in this end he formed a close relationship with the court of France. Although he bankrupted the state through his alchemy, art collecting, construction work and a failed attempt to establish a porcelain industry in Zweibrücken, he was considered a good Duke, especially in comparison to his nephew Charles III who succeeded him in 1775. Charles III began his reign as an absolutist ruler, and in the first two years he endeavoured to dismiss the court and restore the financial situation of the state. He greatly expanded the siz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatinate-Birkenfeld
The House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld (German: ''Pfalz-Birkenfeld''), later Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, was the name of a collateral line of the Palatine Wittelsbachs. The Counts Palatine from this line initially ruled over only a relatively unimportant territory, namely the Palatine share of the Rear County of Sponheim; however, their importance steadily grew. All living members of the House of Wittelsbach descend from Palatinate-Birkenfeld, which thus became the parent branch of the Kings of Bavaria. History The patriarch of the line was Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld. He was a son of Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, who when he died in 1569, bequeathed the Palatine share of the Rear County of Sponheim to Charles. Charles chose Birkenfeld as his residence and in 1595, through the Treaty of Kastellaun with his joint ruler the Margrave of Baden, Edward Fortunatus, secured exclusive rule in the districts of Birkenfeld and Allenbach (until 167 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Bischwiller. It was formed in 1600, after the separation from Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and was incorporated into Palatine Zweibrücken in 1731. History Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler was partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld in 1600 for Christian I, the youngest son of Count Palatine Charles I. The state was partitioned into itself and Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen in 1654. In 1671 Count Palatine Christian II Christian II (1 July 1481 – 25 January 1559) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union who reigned as King of Denmark and Norway, from 1513 until 1523, and Sweden from 1520 until 1521. From 1513 to 1523, he was concurrently Duke ... inherited Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and this state ceased to exist. List of rulers Notes {{coord missing, France House of Wittelsbach Counties of the Holy Roman Empire States and territor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen was a state of the Holy Roman Empire seated in Gelnhausen in the south of modern Hesse, Germany. Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen was partitioned from Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler in 1654. It was a mediate state with few rights. In 1799 the Counts Palatine were granted the title " Duke ''in'' Bavaria" by their distant relations, the Duke ''of'' Bavaria, which, in 1806, became the first King of Bavaria King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished. It was the second time Bavaria was a kingdom, almost a thousand .... These two lines are the only branches of the House of Wittelsbach which did not eventually become extinct. {{coord missing, Hesse House of Wittelsbach Counties of the Holy Roman Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatinate-Kleeburg
Palatinate-Kleeburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, which centered on the Alsatian lordship of Kleeburg. Palatinate-Kleeberg was the younger partition of Palatinate-Zweibrücken in 1604 for John Casimir, the youngest son of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. His marriage to Catharina of Sweden, eldest surviving daughter of King Charles IX of Sweden would eventually see his elder son and successor Charles Gustavus succeeded to the Swedish throne in 1654, giving Palatinate-Kleeburg to his younger brother Adolph John I. The Count Palatine of the line, Gustavus Samuel Leopold, inherited the Duchy of Zweibrücken and its seat in the Imperial Diet in 1718. After his death in 1731, Palatinate-Kleeburg passed to Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Birkenfeld within the Upper Rhenish Circle. It was formed in 1569, after the partition of Palatine Zweibrücken and was reincorporate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecklenburg-Stargard
Mecklenburg-Stargard was one of the two semi-duchies formed from the partition of the Duchy of Mecklenburg from 1348 to 1471. The other semi-duchy was called Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The main part of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Stargard comprised the Lordship of Stargard in what is now the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, an area in the border area between Brandenburg, Pomerania and Mecklenburg. The lordship was named after the medieval castle in Stargard. Smaller areas were Sternberg and the Eldenburg with the historic country Ture. Rulers * The ruling dukes were – :*John I, Duke (1352–1392/93) :*Albert I, Duke (1392/93–1397) :* John II, Duke (1392/93–1416) :* Ulrich I, Duke (1392/93–1417) :* John III, Duke (1416–1438) :* Albert II, co-Duke (1417–1421/23) :* Henry I Gaunt, Duke (1417–1466) :*Ulrich II Ulrich II may refer to: * Ulrich II. (St. Gallen) († 1076) Abbot of St. Gall * Ulrich II, Duke of Carinthia (c. 1176 – 1202) * Ulrich II, Count of Württe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatinate-Landsberg
Palatinate-Landsberg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Landsberg in northeastern France. Palatinate-Landsberg was the intermediate partition of Palatinate-Zweibrücken in 1604 for Frederick Casimir, the youngest son of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. Landsberg was invaded and devastated during the Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle .... In 1645 Frederick Casimir was succeeded by his son Frederick Louis. Frederick Louis inherited the Duchy of Zweibrücken in 1661 with its seat in the Imperial Diet. After dying in 1681 without legitimate descendants, Palatinate-Landsberg passed to the Kings of Sweden. {{coord missing, France House of Wittelsbach Counties of the Holy Roman Empire 1604 establishments in the Holy Roman E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatinate-Lautern
Palatinate-Lautern was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Lautern and Neustadt an der Weinstrasse in the south of modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Palatinate-Lautern was partitioned from the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1576 after the death of Frederick III, Elector Palatine for his younger son John Casimir. John Casimir accepted Huguenot refugees from France and Calvinist exiles from the Palatinate, making it a Calvinist stronghold. John Casimir was convinced by Queen Elizabeth I of England to establish a Protestant League in Germany against the Catholic states and the Holy Roman Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans ( la, Imperator Romanorum, german: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period ( la, Imperat ..., making it one of the most influential states in its day. John Casimir died in 1592 without heirs, so Palatinate-Lautern wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
