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Tehran Eight
The Tehran EightRuttig, T. ''Islamists, Leftists – and a Void in the Center. Afghanistan's Political Parties and where they come from (1902–2006)''. "The first current was mainly represented in the 1980s by the Sunni Mujahedin tanzim based in Pakistan, the ‘Peshawar Seven’, and the Shia Mujahedin groups based in Iran, the ‘Tehran Eight’. The second current mainly consisted of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), with its two major factions Khalq and Parcham, and the ‘Maoist’ groups that emerged from the demokratik-e newin, or ‘new democracy’, commonly referred to as shola’i. For the third current, there are mainly Afghan Millat with at least three different factions on the Pashtun(ist) side and Settam-e Melli on the Tajik side, with some Uzbek and Turkmen elements, and currently Sazman-e Inqilabi-ye Zahmatkashan-e Afghanistan (SAZA), or ‘Revolutionary Organisation of Afghanistan’s Toilers’ and the new Hezb-e Kangara-ye Melli, or ‘Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hezbe Wahdat
Hezb-e Wahdat-e Islami Afghanistan ( prs, حزب وحدت اسلامی افغانستان, "the Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan"), shortened to Hezbe Wahdat (, "the Unity Party"), is an Afghan political party founded in 1989. Like most contemporary major political parties in Afghanistan, Hezb-e Wahdat is rooted in the turbulent period of the anti-Soviet resistance movements in Afghanistan in the 1980s. It was formed to bring together nine separate and mostly inimical military and ideological groups into a single entity. During the period of the Afghan Civil War in the early 1990s, it emerged as one of the major actors in Kabul and some other parts of the country. Political Islamism was the ideology of most of its key leaders, but the party gradually tilted towards its Hazara ethnic support base and became the key vehicle of the community's political demands and aspirations. Its ideological background and ethnic support base has continuously shaped its character and politica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hezb-e Wahdat
Hezb-e Wahdat-e Islami Afghanistan ( prs, حزب وحدت اسلامی افغانستان, "the Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan"), shortened to Hezbe Wahdat (, "the Unity Party"), is an Afghan political party founded in 1989. Like most contemporary major political parties in Afghanistan, Hezb-e Wahdat is rooted in the turbulent period of the anti-Soviet resistance movements in Afghanistan in the 1980s. It was formed to bring together nine separate and mostly inimical military and ideological groups into a single entity. During the period of the Afghan Civil War in the early 1990s, it emerged as one of the major actors in Kabul and some other parts of the country. Political Islamism was the ideology of most of its key leaders, but the party gradually tilted towards its Hazara ethnic support base and became the key vehicle of the community's political demands and aspirations. Its ideological background and ethnic support base has continuously shaped its character and political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liwa Fatemiyoun
Liwa Fatemiyoun ( ar, لِوَاء الْفَاطِمِيُّون, Liwā’ al-Fāṭimīyūn, Persian/Dari: or ), literally "Fatimid Banner", also known as Fatemiyoun Division or Fatemiyoun Brigade, is an Afghan Shia militia formed in 2014 to fight in Syria on the side of the Syrian government.The group's officially designated purpose, is the defense of the shrine of Zaynab bint Ali, and to fight "''takfiri terrorists''" in Syria, which would come to include the Islamic State (IS). It is funded, trained, and equipped by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and fights under the command of Iranian officers. Both the Fatemiyoun Brigade and the Iranian government downplay their relationship with one another, despite clear coordination and the brigade's operation under the auspices of the IRGC. Liwa Fatemiyoun is also closely associated with Hezbollah Afghanistan. By late 2017, the unit was presumed to have numbered between 10,000–20,000 fighters. According to Zohair Moj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazaras
The Hazaras ( fa, , Həzārə; haz, , Āzərə) are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of Afghanistan, native to, and primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan and generally scattered throughout Afghanistan. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, and are also significant minority groups in neighboring Pakistan, mostly in Quetta, and as well as in Iran. They speak the Hazaragi dialect of Persian, which is mutually intelligible with Dari, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. Hazaras are considered to be one of the most persecuted groups in Afghanistan, and their persecution has occurred various times across previous decades. Etymology The etymology of the word "Hazara" remains disputed, but some have differing views on the term. * Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name "Hazara" in Baburnama. He has mentioned "Hazara" as "Turkoman Hazaras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayed Jafar Naderi
Sayed Jafar Naderi (born 1965) is an ethnic Hazara- Ismaili who controlled Baghlan Province of Afghanistan during the early 1990s.Afghanistan Biographien I – J Accessed 17 August 2006 He was born in and is also known as Sayyid-e Kayan The son of Sayed Mansoor Naderi, The previous Vice-President of Afghanistan, Sayed Jafar Naderi went to school in at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayyid Ali Beheshti
Sayyid Ali Beheshti ( fa, سید علی بهشتی) was a leader of the Shia Hazara ethnic group of Afghanistan, who became president of the '' Shura-yi Enqelabi-yi Ettefaq-i Islami-yi Afghanistan'' (Revolutionary Council of the Islamic Union of Afghanistan). Born in Bamyan province, Beheshti was educated in Iraq where he became a ''modarres'' (religious teacher). In the 1960s he returned to Afghanistan and founded a madrasah in Waras, which became his stronghold. He also was a speaker at the Afghan parliament, until the communists took power in 1978. In April 1979, uprisings against the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan swept through Hazarajat, and by autumn much of the region was free from government presence. In September 1979, a gathering of several hundred notables from throughout Hazarajat was held at Waras. These included traditional leaders (''mir''), mullahs, ''Sayyid'' and intellectuals. On this occasion, the Revolutionary Council was created, and Beheshti was elected as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Council Of Islamic Unity Of Afghanistan
The Revolutionary Council of Islamic Unity of Afghanistan ( fa, شوراء انقلاب اتفاق اسلامی افغانستان, Shura-i Engelab-i Ettefaq-i Islami Afghanistan, often called simply Shura) was a Hazara political movement which appeared in Afghanistan in 1979 in opposition to the increasingly leftist Kabul government. The movement was led by Sayyid Ali Beheshti. The Shura had both political and militant arms, and removed many Kabul-backed authorities within the Hazarajat (Hazara-populated region of Afghanistan), replacing them with their own functionaries. By the end of 1983 the Shura controlled 60% of the population of the Hazarajat. The Shura was the primary Hazara resistance movement part of the Tehran Eight political constellation, followed by the Al-Nasr (''Victory'') and the Union of Islamic Fighters The Tehran EightRuttig, T. ''Islamists, Leftists – and a Void in the Center. Afghanistan's Political Parties and where they come from (1902–2006)''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Asif Muhsini
Muhammad Asif Mohseni ( fa, آیتالله العظمی محمد آصف محسنی; 26 April 1935 – 5 August 2019) was an Afghan Twelver Shi'a Marja', widely considered to be the most powerful in Afghanistan.Mackey, Robert. "Afghan Husbands Win Right to Starve Wives." New York Times. N.p., 17 Aug. 2009. Web. 9 June 2015.Farmer, Ben. "Shi'a Cleric Defends Law Said to Legalise Marital Rape." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 16 Apr. 2009. Web. 08 June 2015. He was the founder of the Islamic Movement of Afghanistan. Early life and education He was born on 26 April 1935 in the city of Qandahār, Afghanistan. With strong links to Iran, he was a Shi'a Pashtun. He studied in seminars of Najaf under Grand Ayatollah Abul Qasim Khoei, Muhsin al-Hakim and Abdul A'la Sabzwari. Shi'a Family Law In 2009, Mohseni drafted a family law code for Afghanistan's minority Shi'a population. The Shi'a Family Law legislation was signed into law by President Hamid Karzai in March 2009 aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Movement Of Afghanistan
Islamic Movement of Afghanistan ( fa, حرکت اسلامی افغانستان, ''Harakat-e Islami-yi Afghanistan'') is a political party and former faction of the Afghan Northern Alliance (United Front) in Afghanistan. The movement is registered as a political party with the Ministry of Justice. From its foundation to 2005, the movement was led by Asif Mohseni. The movement emerged in 1978. Initially the movement was inspired by the Islamic revolutionary ideas of Ali Shari'ati, but over time this influence waned. During the 1980s, the movement was part of the 'Tehran Eight', an alliance of Shia mujahedin factions supported by Iran that fought against the PDPA government and Soviet troops. The movement joined the Hezb-e Wahdat, which was intended as a united Shia political front, but soon bolted out of it. During the Taliban years, it joined the 'Northern Alliance'. After the US occupation of Afghanistan, the movement was divided into two. A dissident sector broke away, and for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC; fa, سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, Sepāh-e Pāsdārān-e Enghelāb-e Eslāmi, lit=Army of Guardians of the Islamic Revolution also Sepāh or Pasdaran for short) is a branch of the Iranian Armed Forces, founded after the Iranian Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187 Whereas the Iranian Army defends Iranian borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard is intended to protect the country's Islamic republic political system, which supporters believe includes preventing foreign interference and coups by the military or "deviant movements". The IRGC is designated as a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the United States. As of 2011, the Revolutionary Guards had at least 250,000 military personnel including ground, aerosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohsen Rezaee
Mohsen Rezaee ( fa, محسن رضایی, born Sabzevar Rezaee Mirgha'ed ( fa, سبزوار رضایی میرقائد) on 1 September 1954) is an Iranian conservative politician affiliated with the Resistance Front of Islamic Iran and senior military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, who currently holds office as the Vice President of Iran for Economic Affairs, member of the Expediency Discernment Council, secretary of the , as well as the secretary of the Iranian government's Economic Committee. He was secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council from 1997 to 2021. From 1980 to 1997, Rezaee was commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Before the Iranian Revolution, Rezaee was a member of the Islamist guerilla rebel group ''Mansouroun'' and joined the Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization following the revolution. Dubbed a "perennial candidate", Rezaee ran as a conservative presidential candidate in the 2009 elections, coming thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Ali Mazari
) , image = Abdul Ali Mazari.jpeg , caption = , office1 = Leader of Hezbe Wahdat , primeminister1= , term_start1 = 1989 , term_end1 = 13 March 1995 , predecessor1 = , successor1 = , office2 = , primeminister2= , term_end2 = , predecessor2 = , successor2 = , office3 = , primeminister3= , term_start3 = , term_end3 = , predecessor3 = , successor3 = , birth_date = 1946 , birth_place = Charkent, Balkh province, Afghanistan , death_date = , death_place = Ghazni city, Ghazni province, Afghanistan , nationality = Afghan , blank1 = Ethnicity , data1 = Hazara , residence = , alma_mater = , party = Hezbe Wahdat , otherparty = , spouse = , children = , occupation = Mujahideen commander; politician , profession = , cabinet = , signature = , awards = Mim Hea Mim peace award , footnotes = , website = ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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