Tangascootack Creek
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Tangascootack Creek
Tangascootack Creek (also known as Scootack or Tangascootac Creek) is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Clinton County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Tangascootack Creek stretches for through Bald Eagle, Beech Creek and Colebrook Townships. Its watershed covers 36.5 square miles. Among its tributaries are North Fork Tangascootack Creek and Muddy Run, and there is also a swamp called Bear Swamp near the headwaters. Coal mining, including strip mining, was common in the watershed throughout the 1800s and 1900s. The creek experiences acid mine drainage, much of which comes from Muddy Run. The watershed is mostly forest and sparsely populated. Historically, the area supports industry in agriculture, lumbering, and coal and iron mining. Native American crucibles have been discovered along the Creek. Minerals in the watershed are mostly bituminous coal, fireclay, sandstone and slate. The daily loads of aluminum and manganese are both many times higher than the c ...
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North Fork Tangascootack Creek
North Fork Tangascootack Creek is a tributary of Tangascootack Creek in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long and flows through Beech Creek Township. The creek's watershed has an area of . Its major tributaries include Mill Branch and Boiler Run. North Fork Tangascootack Creek does not experience much acid mine drainage and its trout and macroinvertebrate populations are sizeable. The creek is near the Slaughtering Ground Barrens. Course North Fork Tangascootack Creek begins in a valley in eastern Beech Creek Township. The creek flows east-northeast, receiving the tributaries Left Branch Puncheon Run and Cowlick Run from the left. The creek then enters Bald Eagle Township, where its valley gets deeper. In western Bald Eagle Township, it receives the tributary Mill Branch from the left. As the creek continues in the same direction, it passes by several strip mines. Further on, the creek turns sharply north and then sharply east, eventually receiving the tr ...
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Chesapeake Bay
The Chesapeake Bay ( ) is the largest estuary in the United States. The Bay is located in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region and is primarily separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Delmarva Peninsula (including the parts: the Eastern Shore of Maryland / Eastern Shore of Virginia and the state of Delaware) with its mouth of the Bay at the south end located between Cape Henry and Cape Charles (headland), Cape Charles. With its northern portion in Maryland and the southern part in Virginia, the Chesapeake Bay is a very important feature for the ecology and economy of those two states, as well as others surrounding within its watershed. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the Bay's drainage basin, which covers parts of six states (New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia) and all of District of Columbia. The Bay is approximately long from its northern headwaters in the Susquehanna River to its outlet in the Atlantic Ocea ...
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Beech Creek Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania
Beech Creek Township is a township in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 966 at the 2020 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.26%, is water. Communities * Bear Swamp * East Beech Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,010 people, 393 households, and 306 families residing in the township. The population density was 10.5 people per square mile (4.1/km). There were 653 housing units at an average density of 6.8/sq mi (2.6/km). The racial makeup of the township was 98.42% White, 0.10% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 0.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population. There were 393 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female househol ...
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Grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica and are found in most ecoregions of the Earth. Furthermore, grasslands are one of the largest biomes on earth and dominate the landscape worldwide. There are different types of grasslands: natural grasslands, semi-natural grasslands, and agricultural grasslands. They cover 31–69% of the Earth's land area. Definitions Included among the variety of definitions for grasslands are: * "...any plant community, including harvested forages, in which grasses and/or legumes make up the dominant vegetation." * "...terrestrial ecosystems dominated by herbaceous and shrub vegetation, and maintained by fire, grazing, drought and/or freezing temperatures." (Pilot Assessment of Global Ecosystems, 2000) * "A ...
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Residential
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses. Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small. Overview In certain residential areas, especially rural, large tracts of land may have no services whatever, such that residents seeking services must use a motor vehicle or other transportation, so the need for transportation has resulted in land development following existing or planned transport infrastructure such as rail and road. Development patterns may be re ...
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Siemens (unit)
The siemens (symbol: S) is the unit of electric conductance, electric susceptance, and electric admittance in the International System of Units (SI). Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the reciprocals of resistance, reactance, and impedance respectively; hence one siemens is redundantly equal to the reciprocal of one ohm () and is also referred to as the '' mho''. The 14th General Conference on Weights and Measures approved the addition of the siemens as a derived unit in 1971. The unit is named after Ernst Werner von Siemens. In English, the same word ''siemens'' is used both for the singular and plural. Like other SI units named after people, the symbol is capitalized but the name of the unit is not. For the siemens this is particularly important to distinguish it from the second, symbol (lower case) s. The related property, electrical conductivity, is measured in units of siemens per metre (S/m). Definition For an element conducting direct current, electrica ...
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Iron
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in front of oxygen (32.1% and 30.1%, respectively), forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust. In its metallic state, iron is rare in the Earth's crust, limited mainly to deposition by meteorites. Iron ores, by contrast, are among the most abundant in the Earth's crust, although extracting usable metal from them requires kilns or furnaces capable of reaching or higher, about higher than that required to smelt copper. Humans started to master that process in Eurasia during the 2nd millennium BCE and the use of iron tools and weapons began to displace copper alloys, in some regions, only around 1200 BCE. That event is considered the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron A ...
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Farrandsville
Farrandsville is an unincorporated community in Colebrook Township in Clinton County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is on the north side of the West Branch Susquehanna River, approximately upstream from Lock Haven at the northern end of Farrandsville Road. Whisky Run and Lick Run flow through Farrandsville.. History The community was named for William P. Farrand, a representative of the Lycoming Coal Company. He founded the village in 1832. Two years later, the West Branch Canal was completed to Farrandsville, giving the village access to supplies and markets by canal boat. The village became the northern terminus of the canal, which was never extended further upstream. During this era, a steamboat named ''Farrand'' operated on the West Branch Susquehanna River on the pool of water behind the Dunnstown Dam at Lock Haven. It made regular trips as far upstream as Farrandsville. In 1836, a group of investors from Boston financed construction of a blast furnace at the villag ...
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Colebrook Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania
Colebrook Township is a township in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 196 at the 2020 census. History The Farrandsville Iron Furnace was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 2.67%, is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 179 people, 56 households, and 45 families residing in the township. The population density was 9.8 people per square mile (3.8/km). There were 92 housing units at an average density of 5.0/sq mi (1.9/km). The racial makeup of the township was 97.21% White, 0.56% Native American, 0.56% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population. There were 56 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder wi ...
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Meander
A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank ( cut bank) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank which is typically a point bar. The result of this coupled erosion and sedimentation is the formation of a sinuous course as the channel migrates back and forth across the axis of a floodplain. The zone within which a meandering stream periodically shifts its channel is known as a meander belt. It typically ranges from 15 to 18 times the width of the channel. Over time, meanders migrate downstream, sometimes in such a short time as to create civil engineering challenges for local municipalities attempting to maintain stable roads and bridges.Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl Jr., and J.A. Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005) ''Glossary of Geology'' (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. Charlton, R., 2007. ''Fundamentals ...
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Canyon
A canyon (from ; archaic British English spelling: ''cañon''), or gorge, is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosion, erosive activity of a river over geologic time scales. Rivers have a natural tendency to cut through underlying surfaces, eventually wearing away rock layers as sediments are removed downstream. A river bed will gradually reach a baseline elevation, which is the same elevation as the body of water into which the river drains. The processes of weathering and erosion will form canyons when the river's River source, headwaters and estuary are at significantly different elevations, particularly through regions where softer rock layers are intermingled with harder layers more resistant to weathering. A canyon may also refer to a rift between two mountain peaks, such as those in ranges including the Rocky Mountains, the Alps, the Himalayas or the Andes. Usually, a river or stream carves out such splits between mountains. Examp ...
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Bald Eagle Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania
Bald Eagle Township is a township in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,039 at the 2020 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.00%, is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,898 people, 732 households, and 529 families residing in the township. The population density was 46.1 people per square mile (17.8/km). There were 870 housing units at an average density of 21.1/sq mi (8.2/km). The racial makeup of the township was 98.52% White, 0.42% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.16% of the population. There were 732 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 21 ...
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