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Tamil Books Of Law
Tamil books of law () or the more correct, Classical Tamil phrase (), are didactic Tamil works aimed to promote discipline (ஒழுக்கம்) among people. They were composed with intent to propound moral guidelines, often without specific religious affiliation, hence, many consider them to be secular. They are comparable to the dharmashastra of the Vedic culture. Late Sangam period *Tirukkuṛaḷ (or the ''Kural'') Post Sangam period *Nālaṭiyār *Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai *Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu * Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu, ''Forty Sweet things'' *Tirikaṭukam, ''Three Medications'' *Ācārakkōvai *Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu, ''Four-Hundred Sayings'' *Ciṟupañcamūlam, ''Minor Origin of the Five'' *Elāti *Mutumoḻikkānci Middle ages *Aruṉkalaceppu *Aṟanericcāram, ''Chapter of Good Ethics'' *Naṟuttokai, ''Anthology of Goodness'' *Nītineṟiviḷakkam, ''Explanation of Laws and Morals'' *Nanneṟi, ''Good Ethics'' *Ulakanīti. ''Universal Law'' *Mutumoḻi Veṉ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Tamil
Tamil may refer to: * Tamils, an ethnic group native to India and some other parts of Asia ** Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka also called ilankai tamils **Tamil Malaysians, Tamil people native to Malaysia * Tamil language, natively spoken by the Tamils * Tamil script, primarily used to write the Tamil language **Tamil (Unicode block), a block of Tamil characters in Unicode * Tamil dialects, referencing geographical variations in speech See also * Tamil cinema, also known as Kollywood, the word being a portmanteau of Kodambakkam and Hollywood. * Tamil cuisine * Tamil culture, is considered to be one of the world's oldest civilizations. * Tamil diaspora * Tamil Eelam, a proposed independent state in the north and east of Sri Lanka * Tamil Nadu, one of the 28 states of India * Tamil nationalism * ''Tamil News'', a daily Tamil-language television news program in Tamil Nadu * Tamilakam, the geographical region inhabited by the ancient Tamil people, covered today's Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ācārakkōvai
Acharakkovai ( ta, ஆசாரக்கோவை) is a poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (''Pathinenkilkanakku'') anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period' corresponding to between 600 and 900 CE. ''Acharakkovai'' contains 100 poems written by the poet Peruvaayin Mulliyaar. The poems of ''Acharakkovai'' are written in the Venpa meter. Literature ''Acharakkovai'' literally translates to "the garland of right conduct" of a Saiva author, Kayatturp Peruvayil Mulliyar. ''Acharakkovai'' shows influences of Sanskrit literature and hence believed to be of a later period than the other poems in the ''Pathinenkilkanakku'' anthology. The instructions in ''Acharakkovai'' are concerned with personal ritual and the correct method to follow. The work has 100 stanzas in ''venpa'' meter and is a collection of moral exhortations, ritual observances and customs that are considered proper and correct.Zvelebil 1974, p. 124 8 poems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil-language Literature
Tamil (; ' , ) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. Tamil is an official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore, and the Indian territory of Puducherry. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Mauritius. Tamil is also natively spoken by Sri Lankan Moors. One of 22 scheduled languages in the Constitution of India, Tamil was the first to be classified as a classical language of India. Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages of India.. "Tamil is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India" (p. 7). A. K. Ramanujan described it as "the on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal History Of India
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a group legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes; by the executive through decrees and regulations; or established by judges through precedent, usually in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals may create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that adopt alternative ways of resolving disputes to standard court litigation. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between jurisdiction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassia Fistula
''Cassia fistula'', commonly known as golden shower, purging cassia, Indian laburnum, or pudding-pipe tree,U. S. Department of Agriculture, William Saunders; Catalogue of Economic Plants in the Collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture; Washington D. C.; June 5, 1891 is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia, from southern Pakistan through India and Sri Lanka to Bangladesh, Myanmar and Thailand. It is a popular ornamental plant and is also used in herbal medicine. Description The golden shower tree is a medium-sized tree, growing to tall with fast growth. The leaves are deciduous, long, and pinnate with three to eight pairs of leaflets, each leaflet long and broad. The flowers are produced in pendulous racemes long, each flower diameter with five yellow petals of equal size and shape. The fruit is a legume, long and broad, with a pungent odor and containing several seeds. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauhinia Racemosa
''Bauhinia racemosa'', commonly known as the bidi leaf tree, is a rare medicinal species of flowering shrub with religious significance. It is a small crooked tree with drooping branches that grows tall and flowers between February and May. It is native to tropical Southeast Asia. Religious significance In Hindu families it is customary to exchange leaves of the Aapta tree on the Hindu festive day of Dussehra Vijayadashami ( sa, विजयदशमी, Vijayadaśamī, translit-std=IAST), also known as Dussehra, Dasara or Dashain, is a major Hindu festival celebrated at the end of Navaratri every year. It is observed on the tenth day in the Hin .... An act known as exchanging ''Gold''—pointing to the special significance of the plant on that particular day. This is also why the tree is often referred to as ''Sonpatta'' (literal translation: ''leaves of gold''). Other uses The leaves are used in the production of ''beedi'', a thin Indian cigarette. References Ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venpa
Venpa or Venba ('' வெண்பா'' in Tamil) is a form of classical Tamil poetry. Classical Tamil poetry has been classified based upon the rules of metric prosody. Such rules form a context-free grammar. Every venba consists of between two and twelve lines. The venpa meter is used in songs of the types neṭu veṇ pāṭṭu ('long song in venpa meter'), kuṟu veṇ pāṭṭu 'short song in venpa meter', kaikkiḷai "one-sided love," and paripāṭṭu 'song that is quite accommodative' and in satirical compositions (aṅkatac ceyyuḷ). Popular books written in venba style # All 1330 couplets from the Thirukkural, composed by Thiruvalluvar, are examples of venba. Tirukkural comes under a sub-category of venba called Kural venba, wherein each kural or couplet has only two lines. # Nala venba 1 is another classical work written in venba style. # Niti venba 2 is another venba style book that preaches values. # Acharakkovai 3 is another venba style book that preaches v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutumoḻikkānci
Muthumozhikkanchi (Tamil: முதுமொழிக்காஞ்சி) is a Tamil poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (''Pathinenkilkanakku'') anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period' corresponding to between 100 and 500 CE. ''Muthumozhikkanchi'' contains 100 poems written by the poet Mathuraikkoodalaar Kilaar who must have lived in Madurai. The poems of ''Muthumozhikkanchi'' are divided into ten groups of ten poems each and employs simple poetic style to enable the lay person to understand the messages. All the poems start with the same phrase - ஆர்கலி உலகத்து மக்கட் கெல்லாம் ("For all the people of this world") as a preface and the rest of the first line qualifies the characteristic dealt by the rest of the ten lines of the section. In the following poem, the excellence (சிறந்தன்று) of righteous behaviour and chastity are found in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elāti
Elathi is a Tamil language, Tamil poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (''Pathinenkilkanakku'') anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period' corresponding to between 100 and 500 CE. ''Elathi'' contains 80 poems written by the poet Kani Methaviyar. The poems of ''Elathi'' are written in the Venpa meter. ''Elathi'' uses the analogy of the traditional herbal medicine known as ''elathi'' which uses six herbs such as ''elam'' (cardamom), ''ilavanka pattai'' (cinnamon), ''naagakesaram'' (made from the stamens of the Ceylon ironwood), ''milagu'' (black pepper), ''thippili'' (long pepper), and ''sukku'' (dried ginger). ''Elathi'' similarly uses six different Saying, maxims to illustrate correct behaviour. It tells about six values of every aspect of life in every poem in four lines. The following poem lists the six things, namely, fame, wealth, praise, courage, education and philanthropy that add beauty to those who follow the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciṟupañcamūlam
Ciṟupañcamūlam (Siruppanchamulam) (Tamil: சிறுபஞ்சமூலம்) is a Tamil language, Tamil poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (''Pathinenkilkanakku'') anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period' corresponding to between 100 – 500 CE. ''Siruppanchamulam'' contains 100 poems written by the poet Kariyaasaan. He was probably a Jain by religious persuasion. This and the fact that he was a student of one Makkayanaar is known from the introductory poem of this book. The poems of ''Siruppanchamulam'' are written in the Venpa meter. Siruppanchamulam uses the analogy of the traditional herbal medicine, which uses the roots of the five herbs ''kandankatthiri'' (a plant of the nightshade family – ''Solanum xanthocarpum''), ''siruvzhuthunai'', ''sirumalli'', ''perumalli'', and ''nerunji'' (a thorny prostrate plant – ''Tribulus terrestris'') to cure certain maladies. ''Siruppanchamulam'' similarly uses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu
Pazhamozhi Nanuru (Tamil: பழமொழி நானூறு) is a Tamil language, Tamil poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (''Pathinenkilkanakku'') anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period, Sangam period' corresponding to between 100 and 500 CE. ''Pazhamozhi Nanuru'' contains 400 poems written by the poet Munrurai Araiyanaar, a Jain. The poems of ''Pazhamozhi Nanuru'' are written in the Venpa meter. ''Pazhamozhi Nanuru'' employs old Tamil proverbs to illustrate its messages. The following poem uses the adage that it is impossible to straighten the tail of a dog, as it impossible to control the unchaste mind of a girl by throwing her in prison. நிறையான் மிகுகலா நேரிழை யாரைச் சிறையான் அகப்படுத்தல் ஆகா - அறையோ வருந்த வலிதினின் யாப்பினும் நாய்வா ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirikaṭukam
Thirikatukam (Tamil: திரிகடுகம்) is a Tamil poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (''Pathinenkilkanakku'') anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period' corresponding to between 100 and 500 CE. ''Thirikatukam'' contains 100 poems written by the poet Nallathanaar. The poems of ''Thirikatukam'' are written in the Venpa meter. ''Thirikatukam'' uses the analogy of the traditional herbal medicine, which uses the three herbs ''sukku'' (dried ginger), ''milaku'' (pepper) and ''thippili'' (Long pepper Long pepper (''Piper longum''), sometimes called Indian long pepper or ''thippali'', is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. Long pepper has a taste simi ...) to cure maladies of the stomach. ''Thirikatugam'' similarly uses three different maxims to illustrate correct behaviour. References * Mudaliyar, Singaravelu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
