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Tự Đức's Catholic Persecution
From 1849 to 1862, during the early years of the Vietnamese emperor Tự Đức (r. 1848–1883) of Nguyễn dynasty, Vietnam, the most intense, brutal and bloodiest Anti-Christian sentiment, anti-Christian persecution ever in history happened in Vietnam, also was the last state-sponsored persecution of Catholic Christians in Vietnam, as a part of Tự Đức's efforts to eradicate every trace of Vietnamese Christianity. The persecution suddenly stopped in 1862 after a royal decree was passed by Tự Đức himself which granted Catholicism legitimate freedom to practice and protection. The persecution The persecution began in 1848, the year of Tự Đức's inauguration. Accusing the Catholic Christians of abandoning ancestor worship, Buddha, and practicing superstitions, and fearing that they would revolt against his rule, Tự Đức labeled the Catholics as ''tả đạo'' (heretics), and issued a nation-wide edict to forbid Catholicism. Missionaries were thrown onto the sea. V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Trường Tộ
Nguyễn Trường Tộ (chữ Hán: , ; 1830–1871) was a Roman Catholic scholar and reformer during the reign of Tự Đức of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last sovereign Emperor of Vietnam under which the French colonial forces colonized the country. Nguyễn Trường Tộ was best known for his advocacy of his modernisation of Vietnam, criticising the rigid Confucianism of the Huế court. Life Early years Nguyễn Trường Tộ was born into a Roman Catholic family in Nghệ An Province in central Vietnam, approximately in the year 1830 (from 1827 to 1830). His native village of Bùi Chu is part of present-day Hung Trung village in Hưng Nguyên district of Nghe An province. In his youth, Nguyễn Trường Tộ studied with lower-level degree holders and retired officials, earning a reputation in his region as an excellent Confucian scholar. However, he was not permitted to sit for the imperial civil-service examinations from which governmental officials were selecte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hưng Yên
Hưng Yên () is a city in the Red River Delta of the Northern Vietnam. It is the old capital of Hưng Yên Province and is a third-graded city according to Vietnam's urban classification table. History Hưng Yên city was originally the expansion of Phố Hiến (Hiến Street), a river port that appeared earliest in the 16th century. Phố Hiến has a position as a place where Sơn Nam garrison's government was located. However, its area was relatively small. It only consists of a public authority, Xích Đằng Literary Temple and a few markets. During several centuries, this location was an important gateway of the commercial platform in Đông Kinh. It was not until the French set a protective regime that Phố Hiến was expanded to Hưng Yên town (thị xã Hưng Yên). Geography Topography According to the 2021 statistical yearbook of the whole Hưng Yên province, Hưng Yên city covers an area of 73,89 km2. Currently, it was divided such as : *6 wards : An T� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Đỗ Đình Cẩm
Đỗ (Chữ Hán: 杜) is a Vietnamese family name. According to Lê Trung Hoa, a Vietnamese scholar, approximately 1.4 percent of Vietnamese people have this surname (2005).Lê Trung Hoa (2005). Họ và tên người Việt Nam, (Hà Nội), Việt Nam: NXB Khoa học Xã hội Origin Story tells that , grandson of Thần Nông (Shennong) when passing by Nanling, he met and married a fairy named Đỗ Quý (also known as Princess Đoan Trang, she was often referred as Do Quý Thị (Lady Quý of House of Đỗ). She then gave birth to Tuc Lo, later became Kinh Dương Vương, father of Lạc Long Quân. Another person that many Vietnamese with this surname claim to be descended from is Đỗ Cảnh Thạc, a warlord during the 12 Lords Rebellion. Notable Đỗ * Anh Do - Vietnamese Australian comedian/actor * Đỗ Anh Vũ (1113–1158), official in the royal court of Lý Anh Tông, the sixth emperor of the Lý Dynasty * Đỗ Cao Trí (1929–1971), general in the Army of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nam Định
Nam Định () is the capital city of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta of the Northern Vietnam. History From August 18–20 of each year, there is a festival held in Nam Định called the Cố Trạch. This celebration honors General Trần Hưng Đạo, a 13th-century national hero who led Annamese forces to victory over the invading Mongols. Middle Ages Before the Trần dynasty, the land of modern Namdinh City of a northern area of an area was called as ''Hiển-khánh district'', which corresponds to half of the modern area of Nam Định province. This was the intersection of three large rivers, so it was very convenient for trade. The name of the city, under Trần dynasty, was Thiên Trường (天長) meant "where the Sky remains for Eternity". It is first mentioned to mark the birth of the city in 1262 by Emperor Trần Thái Tông. The name Thiên Trường was probably the name for a whole '' phủ'', which at the time would be equivalent to a specia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Foreign Missions Society
The Society of Foreign Missions of Paris (, , MEP) is a Catholic Missionary order, missionary organization. It is not a religious institute, but an organization of secular clergy, secular priests and Laity, lay persons dedicated to missionary work in foreign lands. The Society of Foreign Missions of Paris was established 1658–63. In 1659, instructions for establishment of the Paris Foreign Missions Society were given by Rome's Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. This marked the creation of a missionary institution that, for the first time, did not depend on the control of the traditional missionary and colonialism, colonial powers of Spain or Portugal. In the 350 years since its foundation, the institution has sent more than 4,200 missionary priests to Asia and North America. Their mission is to adapt to local customs and languages, develop a native clergy, and keep close contacts with Rome.Missions, p.4 In the 19th century, local persecutions of missionary p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Louis Bonnard
Jean-Louis Bonnard (b. 1 March 1824 at Saint-Christôt-en-Jarret, Diocese of Lyon; beheaded 1 May 1852) was a French Roman Catholic missionary to Vietnam, one of the Martyrs of Vietnam, canonized in 1988.Catholic Encyclopedia Life After a collegiate course at Saint-Jodard, he entered the seminary of Lyon. He left at the age of 22, to complete his theological studies at the Seminary of the Foreign Missions in Paris. From Nantes, where he was ordained, he sailed for the missions of Western Tongking (northern Vietnam) and reached there in May, 1850. In 1851 he was put in charge of two parishes there. At the time, proselytisation was banned in Vietnam. On 21 March 1852, he was arrested and cast into prison. Sentence of death was pronounced against him and was executed immediately upon receipt of its confirmation by Emperor Tự Đức Tự Đức (, vi-hantu, :wikt:嗣, 嗣:wikt:德, 德, , 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valentín De Berriochoa Vinh
''Valentín'' is a 2002 coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Alejandro Agresti. The film features Rodrigo Noya as Valentín and Carmen Maura as the grandmother. Director Alejandro Agresti also stars as Valentín's father. The story revolves around the world of an eight-year-old boy, Valentín (Noya), who dreams of one day becoming an astronaut. While caught in the middle of his family, he attempts to better the bewildering world around him. Plot The story takes place in 1969 and is told through the eyes of Valentín, an eight-year-old small, cross-eyed boy (Noya) whose thick black-rimmed glasses sit heavily on his face. He lives with his grandmother (Maura) due to the divorce of his parents. He dreams of being an astronaut one day and intently follows the ongoing space race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. He no longer sees his Jewish mother, who was chased out of the family home by his imperious, dictator-like father (Agresti). He misses her badly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hải Dương
Hải Dương () is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital of Hải Dương Province, Hải Dương, an industrialized province in the Hanoi Capital Region and the Red River Delta in Northern Vietnam. The city is at the midpoint between the capital Hanoi and the major port Haiphong, and is part of the Northern Key Economic Zone. In 2019, Hai Duong city had a population of 241,373. Name The name first appeared officially in 1498. In feudal times, Hải Dương indicated a vast area from east of Hanoi to the South China Sea, sea. This area corresponds to all of modern Hải Dương Province, Hải Dương, Haiphong, most of Hưng Yên province, Hưng Yên and the southwestern corner of Quảng Ninh. Hải Dương city is in the middle of this historical area and was the location of a citadel defending the capital. Because of this historical location, ''Thành Đông'' (eastern citadel) is a common nickname of Hải Dương. The name "Hải Dương" (wikt:海, 海wikt:陽, 陽) comes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (, abbreviated OP), commonly known as the Dominican Order, is a Catholic Church, Catholic mendicant order of pontifical right that was founded in France by a Castilians, Castilian priest named Saint Dominic, Dominic de Guzmán. It was approved by Pope Honorius III via the papal bull on 22 December 1216. Members of the order, who are referred to as Dominicans, generally display the letters ''OP'' after their names, standing for , meaning 'of the Order of Preachers'. Membership in the order includes friars, nuns, Religious sister (Catholic), active sisters, and Laity, lay or secular Dominicans (formerly known as Third Order of Saint Dominic, tertiaries). More recently, there have been a growing number of associates of the religious sisters who are unrelated to the tertiaries. Founded to preach the The gospel, gospel and to oppose heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organisation placed it at the forefront of the intellectual life of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Almató Bình
Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning "son of Peter" (compared with the English surname Peterson) is Pérez in Spanish, Peres in Galician and Portuguese, Pires also in Portuguese, and Peiris in coastal area of Sri Lanka (where it originated from the Portuguese version), with all ultimately meaning "son of Pero". The name Pedro is derived via the Latin word "petra", from the Greek word "η πέτρα" meaning "stone, rock". The name Peter itself is a translation of the Aramaic ''Kephas'' or '' Cephas'' meaning "stone". An alternative archaic variant is Pero. Notable people with the name Pedro include: Monarchs, mononymously *Pedro I of Portugal *Pedro II of Portugal *Pedro III of Portugal *Pedro IV of Portugal, also Pedro I of Brazil *Pedro V of Portugal *Pedro II of Braz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Death By A Thousand Cuts
''Lingchi'' ( IPA: , ), usually translated "slow slicing" or "death by a thousand cuts", was a form of torture and execution used in China from roughly 900 until it was banned in 1905. It was also used in Vietnam and Korea. In this form of execution, a knife was used to methodically remove portions of the body over an extended period of time, eventually resulting in death. ''Lingchi'' was reserved for crimes viewed as especially heinous, such as treason. Even after the practice was outlawed, the concept itself has still appeared across many types of media. Etymology The word was used to describe the prolonging of a person's agony when the person is being killed. One theory suggests that it grew to be a specific torture technique. An alternative theory suggests that the term originated from the Khitan language, as the penal meaning of the word emerged during the Khitan Liao dynasty. Description The process involved tying the condemned prisoner to a wooden frame, usually in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
