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Tây Sơn Wars
The Tây Sơn Rebellion was a massive peasant rebellion and an interregnum in the late eighteenth century Dai Viet (present-day Vietnam) against the ruling Vietnamese elites and monarchs, during the context of a 250-year-long disintegration period. The rebellion was led by three Tayson brothers, Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, and Nguyễn Lữ, who eventually overthrew all ruling clans and the reigning Lê dynasty in southern and northern Dai Viet. Background By the mid-18th century, the Dai Viet kingdom had been fragmented for 200 years. The ruling Lê dynasty monarchs stood as the figurehead of the nation, while Trinh lords in Tonkin and Nguyen lords in Cochinchina were the actual rulers on their own domains. The population expanded to over 7.2 million by the 1740s. European trade to Tonkin was suspended in 1700 while trade in Cochinchina also declined, causing major decreases in revenues for both the lords and their domains. Drought, famines, diseases (smallpox) were fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trịnh–Nguyễn War
The Trịnh–Nguyễn Civil War ( vi, Trịnh-Nguyễn phân tranh; Hán tự: 鄭阮紛爭) was a 17th-century lengthy civil war waged between the two ruling families in Vietnam, the Trịnh lords of Đàng Ngoài and the Nguyễn lords of Đàng Trong, centered in today's Central Vietnam. The wars resulted in a long stalemate and century of peace before conflicts resumed in 1774 resulting in the emergence of the Tây Sơn forces following Trịnh Lords at the time, Nguyễn Lords collapsed in Saigon in 1777. During the division of Vietnam, Gianh River was used as the de facto border between two regimes Đàng Ngoài and Đàng Trong in peacetime. Origins Both the Trịnh and Nguyễn families were descended from aides, namely Trịnh Kiểm (who is a son-in-law of Nguyễn Kim) and Nguyễn Kim himself, to the hero-Emperor Lê Lợi who liberated Đại Việt from Chinese rule of Ming dynasty and started the Lê dynasty in 1428. By 1520 a succession of weak emperors had br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
The Rattanakosin Kingdom ( th, อาณาจักรรัตนโกสินทร์, , , abbreviated as , ) or Kingdom of Siam were names used to reference the fourth and current Thai people, Thai kingdom in the History of Thailand, history of Thailand (then known as Siam). It was founded in 1782 with the History of Bangkok#Rattanakosin, establishment of Rattanakosin (Bangkok), which replaced the city of Thonburi Kingdom, Thonburi as the capital of Siam. This article covers the period until the Siamese revolution of 1932. The maximum zone of influence of Rattanakosin included the vassal states of Post-Angkor period, Cambodia, History of Laos#Siam and Suzerainty (1779–1893), Laos, Shan States, and the northern History of Malaysia#Siamese expansion into Malaya, Malay states. The kingdom was founded by Rama I of the Chakri Dynasty. The first half of this period was characterized by the consolidation of the kingdom's power and was punctuated by periodic conflicts with Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Phúc Thuần
Định Vương Nguyễn Phúc Thuần (1754–1777) was one of the Nguyễn lords who ruled over the southern portion of Vietnam from the 16th–18th centuries. The collapse of the house of Nguyễn lords intensified during Thuần's reign, many uprisings broke out throughout central part of Vietnam, including the Tây Sơn revolt; and the offensive of Trịnh lords from northern Vietnam. He tried to re-establish the Nguyễn lords' authority but unsuceeded. At last, he was captured and executed along with his followers and almost all family members by Tây Sơn rebel general Nguyễn Huệ Emperor Quang Trung ( vi-hantu, 光中, 1753 – 16 September 1792) or Nguyễn Huệ ( vi-hantu, 阮惠), also known as Nguyễn Quang Bình ( vi-hantu, 阮光平), was the second emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty, reigning from 1788 until 17 ... in 1777. References *Chapuis, Oscar (1995). "A History of Vietnam". Greenwood Publishing Group. . pp138–141. {{DEFAULTSORT:Nguye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Po Tisuntiraidapuran
Po Tisuntiraidapuran (?–1793) was the ruler of Champa from 1780 to 1793. His Vietnamese name was Nguyễn Văn Tá (阮文佐). Po Tisuntiraidapuran was a descendant of Po Saktiraydapatih. He was appointed the ruler of Champa with the title ''cai cơ'' by Nguyễn lord.'' Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện sơ tập '', vol. 33 Since 1771, Champa was a victim of Vietnamese civil war. The fate of Champa was dependent on outcome of the civil war between the Tây Sơn dynasty and the Nguyễn lords. Po Tisuntiraidapuran turned to support Tây Sơn rebels in 1782. He was regarded as a traitor by Nguyễn Ánh Gia Long ( (''North''), ('' South''); 8 February 1762 – 3 February 1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (阮福暎) or Nguyễn Ánh, was the founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last dynasty of Vietnam. His dynasty would rule the unif .... In 1788, Nguyễn Ánh appointed Po Krei Brei (Nguyễn Văn Chiêu) and Po Ladhuanpuguh (Nguyễn Văn Hào) a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh
Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh ( vi-hantu, 阮有整, 1741–1788) was an official during the Revival Lê dynasty in Vietnam. Chỉnh was a disciple of Hoàng Ngũ Phúc. He had been sent to Tây Sơn as a diplomat. Nguyễn Nhạc admired him for his eloquence. Later, Chỉnh became Hoàng Đình Bảo's right hand. In 1782, Bảo was killed by Trịnh Khải, and Chỉnh fled to Tây Sơn. In 1786, he encouraged Nguyễn Huệ to march north. Trịnh lord was overthrown by Huệ. Lê Hiển Tông, the emperor of Lê dynasty, met Huệ in the palace. Chỉnh suggest that Huệ should recognized the dominance of Lê dynasty in northern Vietnam (Đàng Ngoài), and married with Princess Lê Ngọc Hân. It was accepted by Huệ, and Tây Sơn retreated from northern Vietnam. But Huệ regarded Chỉnh as a traitor to Trịnh lord, and left him in northern Vietnam.''Việt Nam sử lược'', Quyển 2, Chương 9 Chỉnh had to stay in his birthland, Nghệ An Province.'' Đạ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bùi Thị Nhạn
Bùi Thị Nhạn (裴氏雁, ? – 10 July 1802) was a general and then an Empress of Tây Sơn dynasty. Born in Tuy Viễn District (mordern Tây Sơn District), Bình Định Province. She was a daughter of Bùi Đức Lương, and also a sister of Bùi Đắc Tuyên. She is said to have learned martial arts as a child, later, she became a famous female general of Tây Sơn dynasty. She and Bùi Thị Xuân, Trần Thị Lan, Huỳnh Thị Cúc, Nguyễn Thị Dung, were known as Five Phoenix women generals of Tay Son dynasty ( vi, Tây Sơn ngũ phụng thư 西山五鳳雌).Cao Tự Thanh (chủ biên), ''Phụ nữ Việt Nam trong lịch sử'' (tập 1). Nhà xuất bản Phụ Nữ, 2011. Phạm Thị Liên, the empress of Nguyễn Huệ, died in 1791. Bùi Thị Nhạn became the second wife of Huệ and crowned as the empress. Nguyễn Huệ died in the next year, Nguyễn Quang Toản ascended the throne, and granted her the title Empress dowager. In 1801, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Văn Bảo
Nguyễn Văn Bảo (阮文寶, 1776–1798) or Nguyễn Bảo (阮寶), was a prince of Tây Sơn dynasty, Vietnam. Bảo was the eldest son of Nguyễn Nhạc. His mother was Trần Thị Huệ. After Nguyễn Nhạc ascended the throne, he was designated as Crown Prince. In 1793, Quy Nhơn was attacked by Nguyễn lord. When Nguyễn navy reached Thị Nại Port, Bảo was ordered to fight against them. Tây Sơn navy suffered from a double-pronged attack, Bảo was defeated by Tôn Thất Hội, Võ Tính, Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức and Nguyễn Văn Thành, and fled back to Quy Nhơn. Nguyễn Nhạc had to ask for Nguyễn Quang Toản's help. Phạm Công Hưng led troops to reinforce Quy Nhơn together with Ngô Văn Sở, Nguyễn Văn Huấn and Lê Trung. A navy led by Đặng Văn Chân was also sent there in the same time. Nguyễn army had to retreat. Hưng marched into the city, claiming that the emperor of Phú Xuân had taken over it. Nhạc was angr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trương Văn Đa
Trương Văn Đa (張文多, ?–?) was a General of Tây Sơn dynasty, Vietnam. Born in Tuy Viễn District (today's Tây Sơn District), Bình Định Province, he was a son of Trương Văn Hiến. Hiến was also the teacher of the Tây Sơn brothers (Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Lữ and Nguyễn Huệ), and encouraged them to revolt against Nguyễn lords. Trương Văn Đa joined the Tây Sơn army while he was young and married a daughter of Nguyễn Nhạc. In 1783, Nguyễn Lữ and Nguyễn Huệ defeated the army of Châu Văn Tiếp and forced Nguyễn Ánh to flee to Pulo Condore. Under Trương Văn Đa, a navy launched an assault. As a result, Ánh had to flee to Phú Quốc, then to Siam.''Việt Nam sử lược'', Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 8 Nguyễn Huệ retreated from Cochinchina and left Đa in Gia Định (mordern Ho Chi Minh City).'' Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện'', vol. 30 In 1785, Siamese forces invaded Gia Địn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tập Đình
Tập Đình ( vi-hantu, 集亭, ?–?) was a general during the Tây Sơn Rebellion. Born Li A-chi () in Chaozhou, Guangdong, Qing China. He went to Qui Nhơn in 1759, and became a merchant there.鄭永瑞, 《試論越南華人在「新舊阮之爭」中所扮演的角色》 After the Tay Son rebellion broke out, he organized an army named ''Trung Nghĩa Quân'' (忠義軍, "Loyal Army") to join in the rebellion.''Việt Nam sử lược'', Quyển 2, Chương 8 He was granted the title Tập Đình Hầu (集亭侯, "Marquess of Tập Đình"), which later became his nick name. The members in this army wore their hair in the Manchu style, though some of them were not Chinese. In battles, they were drunk and bare-chested, and combated bravery.'' Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện'', vol. 30 The army of Trịnh lord marched south in 1775. Tập Đình fought against Trịnh army together with Lý Tài and Nguyễn Nhạc, but was defeated in Cẩm Sa (a place in m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Tài
Lý Tài ( vi-hantu, 李才, Wade–Giles: ''Li Tsai'', ?–1777) was a general during the Tây Sơn Rebellion. Lý was a Chinese merchant. After the Tay Son rebellion broke out, he organized an army named ''Hòa Nghĩa Quân'' (和義軍, "Harmony Army") to join in the rebellion. All members of this army was from Qing China in Chinese costume. The Trịnh lords, who ruled the northern half of the country, sent a large army to attack in 1775, which forced Nguyen king Nguyễn Phúc Thuần to flee to Quảng Nam. Nguyễn Phúc Dương, who was the crown prince of Nguyen, was captured by Lý Tài, and taken to Hội An. Dương was used by Tay Son rebels to gain popularity among Southern Vietnameses. The Tay Son army was defeated by Trinh lord in Cẩm Sa (a place in mordern Hòa Vang District, Quảng Nam). Meanwhile, Nguyễn Phúc Thuần entrenched himself in the south and tried to regain the lost territory. Nguyễn Nhạc had to be reconciled with Trinh, and direc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Lữ
Nguyễn Lữ ( vi-hantu, 阮侶; died 1787), also known by the title of Đông Định vương (東定王, "king of Eastern Conquering") in Siamese records; ''Ong Tinh Wuang'' derived from the Vietnamese word '' Ông Định vương'' ("Sir ''Định vương''").), was the one of the Tây Sơn brothers who formed short-lived Tây Sơn dynasty of Vietnam. Biography Lữ had two brothers: Emperor Thái Đức, common name Nguyễn Nhạc; and Emperor Quang Trung, common name Nguyễn Huệ. According to '' Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện'', the three brothers, listed from eldest to youngest, were Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Lữ, Nguyễn Huệ; However, other source reported that he was the youngest one among Tây Sơn brothers. He had two nicknames: '' thầy Tư Lữ'' (Fourth Master Lữ ) and '' Đức ông Bảy'' (Virtuous Sir Seven). After defeating the Nguyễn Lords and seizing Saigon in 1783 Nguyễn Lữ became king of the South, while Nguyễn Nhạc was crow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nguyễn Huệ
Emperor Quang Trung ( vi-hantu, 光中, 1753 – 16 September 1792) or Nguyễn Huệ ( vi-hantu, 阮惠), also known as Nguyễn Quang Bình ( vi-hantu, 阮光平), was the second emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty, reigning from 1788 until 1792. He was also one of the most successful military commanders in Vietnam's history. Nguyễn Huệ and his brothers, Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Lữ, together known as the Tây Sơn brothers, were the leaders of the Tây Sơn rebellion. As rebels, they conquered Vietnam, overthrowing the imperial Later Lê dynasty and the two rival feudal houses of the Nguyễn in the south and the Trịnh in the north. After several years of constant military campaigning and rule, Nguyễn Huệ died at the age of 40. Prior to his death, he had made plans to continue his march southwards in order to destroy the army of Nguyễn Ánh, a surviving heir of the Nguyễn lords. Nguyễn Huệ's death marked the beginning of the downfall of the Tây Sơn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
