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Twisto
Twisto is the brand name under which buses and trams are operated in the Norman city of Caen. The CTAC (Compagnie des Transports de l'Agglomération Caenaise) owns the buses and has been operating services under the Twisto brand since 2002. Its bus depots are in Mondeville and the Industrial estate of Hérouville-Saint-Clair. Twisto formerly operated the Caen Guided Light Transit The Caen guided light transit or Caen ''TVR'', locally known as "the Tram", was an electrically powered guided bus system in Caen, France, which uses Bombardier Guided Light Transit (''TVR'' in French) technology. After a construction time la ... from 2002 to 2017, before it was replaced by trams. External linksOfficial website (fr.) Bus companies of France {{bus-transport-stub 1977 establishments in France ...
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Caen Guided Light Transit
The Caen guided light transit or Caen ''TVR'', locally known as "the Tram", was an electrically powered guided bus system in Caen, France, which uses Bombardier Guided Light Transit (''TVR'' in French) technology. After a construction time lasting three years, the system opened on 18 November 2002 at a total cost of 227 million euros.''Tramways & Urban Transit'', January 2003, p. 23. Ian Allan Publishing/Light Rail Transit Association. The Caen transport company, Twisto (CTAC), was the operator of the ''TVR'' system and called the system the "Tram". Service was provide by 24 three-section articulated vehicles, guided by a central non-supporting rail. The entire passenger line was guided, and in normal service the vehicles are powered by electricity drawn from an overhead wire through a pantograph. The vehicles had auxiliary diesel engines and steering wheels and were able to operate away from the guide rail, but only in diesel mode, and under normal operating conditions they ...
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Caen
Caen (, ; nrf, Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the department of Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inhabitants (), while its functional urban area has 470,000,Comparateur de territoire
INSEE, retrieved 20 June 2022.
making Caen the second largest urban area in and the 19th largest in France. It is also the third largest commune in all of Normandy after and Rouen. It is located inland ...
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Caen Tramway
The Caen tramway (french: Tramway de Caen) is a tram in the city of Caen, France. The tram opened on 27 July 2019 and replaced the Caen Guided Light Transit (TVR) that closed in December 2017. The tramway uses the same route as the TVR, with a short new branch to Presqu'île and a with a new tram depot in Fleury-sur-Orne. History The Caen Guided Light Transit (Caen ''TVR)'' opened in 2002 after 3 years of construction. Viacités confirmed on 14 December 2011 its plans to abandon the TVR in favour of a tramway by 2019, due to its unreliability. The conversion to light rail also included the termination of two concession contracts that Keolis and Bombardier-Spie Batignolles consortium STVR hold. In late 2014, the French government pledged €23.3 million towards Caen's light rail conversion project, estimated to cost approximately €230 million. In December 2017, the TVR closed and construction work began. The new tramway opened on 27 July 2019. On 9 March 2021, it was announce ...
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France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ...
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Urban Community Of Caen La Mer
Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * ''Urban'' (newspaper), a Danish free daily newspaper * Urban contemporary music, a radio music format * Urban Outfitters, an American multinational lifestyle retail corporation * Urban Records, a German record label owned by Universal Music Group Place names in the United States * Urban, South Dakota, a ghost town * Urban, Washington Urban is an unincorporated community in Skagit County, in the U.S. state of Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal governm ..., an unincorporated community See also * Pope Urban (other), the name of several popes of the Catholic Church ...
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Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel derived from plants or animals and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. It is typically made by chemically reacting lipids such as animal fat (tallow), soybean oil, or some other vegetable oil with an alcohol, producing a methyl, ethyl or propyl ester by the process of transesterification. Unlike the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel converted diesel engines, biodiesel is a drop-in biofuel, meaning it is compatible with existing diesel engines and distribution infrastructure. However, it is usually blended with petrodiesel (typically to less than 10%) since most engines cannot run on pure Biodiesel without modification. Biodiesel blends can also be used as heating oil. The US National Biodiesel Board defines "biodiesel" as a mono-alkyl ester. Blends Blends of biodiesel and conventional hydrocarbon-based diesel are most commonly distributed for use in the retail diesel fuel marketplace. Much of the world uses a system know ...
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Keolis
Keolis is a multinational transportation company that operates public transport systems. The company manages bus, rapid transit, tram, coach networks, rental bikes, car parks, water taxi, cable car, trolleybus and funicular services. Based in Paris, France, the company is 70% owned by SNCF and 30% owned by the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec. Locations Keolis operates a number of networks in France (Transports Bordeaux Métropole in Bordeaux, the Lyon public transport on behalf of SYTRAL, the public transport service for the Greater Rennes area since 1998, Transpole in Lille and the entire mobility chain in Dijon). Internationally, it manages buses in several cities in Sweden, central and eastern regions of the Netherlands, commuter trains in Boston, the Las Vegas bus network, the Hyderabad automated metro, the Melbourne tramway, the Docklands Light Railway in London, the Pujiang Shanghai Metro and the Manchester Metrolink tramway. In 2018, the company gener ...
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Brand Name
A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that distinguishes one seller's good or service from those of other sellers. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising for recognition and, importantly, to create and store value as brand equity for the object identified, to the benefit of the brand's customers, its owners and shareholders. Brand names are sometimes distinguished from Generic brand, generic or store brands. The practice of branding - in the original literal sense of marking by burning - is thought to have begun with the ancient Egyptians, who are known to have engaged in livestock branding as early as 2,700 BCE. Branding was used to differentiate one person's cattle from another's by means of a distinctive symbol burned into the animal's skin with a hot branding iron. If a person stole any of the cattle, anyone else who saw the symbol could deduce the actual owner. The term has been extended to mean a strategic personality for a produ ...
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Buses
A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for charter purposes, or through private ownership. Although the average bus carries between 30 and 100 passengers, some buses have a capacity of up to 300 passengers. The most common type is the single-deck rigid bus, with double-decker and articulated buses carrying larger loads, and midibuses and minibuses carrying smaller loads. Coaches are used for longer-distance services. Many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary school buses or shuttle buses within a post-secondary education campus, are free. In many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special large vehicle licence above and beyond a regular driving licence. Buses may be used for scheduled bus ...
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Normandy
Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises mainland Normandy (a part of France) and the Channel Islands (mostly the British Crown Dependencies). It covers . Its population is 3,499,280. The inhabitants of Normandy are known as Normans, and the region is the historic homeland of the Norman language. Large settlements include Rouen, Caen, Le Havre and Cherbourg. The cultural region of Normandy is roughly similar to the historical Duchy of Normandy, which includes small areas now part of the departments of Mayenne and Sarthe. The Channel Islands (French: ''Îles Anglo-Normandes'') are also historically part of Normandy; they cover and comprise two bailiwicks: Guernsey and Jersey, which are B ...
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Mondeville, Calvados
Mondeville () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy région in northwestern France. Geography It lies on the Orne, just east of and adjacent to the city of Caen. Administration Mayors of Mondeville Population Gallery File:Mondeville eglise notredamedespres nord.jpg, Notre-Dame-des-Prés church File:Mondeville eglise mariemadeleinepostel chevet.jpg, Marie Madeleine Postel church File:Mondeville cadastre1810.jpg, Map from 1810 File:FranceNormandieMondevilleHerouvilleViaducCalixCouchant.jpg, Calix viaduct See also *Communes of the Calvados department The following is a list of the 528 communes of the Calvados department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
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Hérouville-Saint-Clair
Hérouville-Saint-Clair () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It is a suburb of the city of Caen, and lies adjacent to it in a northeasterly direction, along the west side of the Canal de Caen à la Mer. Its inhabitants are called ''Hérouvillais''. Just across the canal from Hérouville is a Renault Trucks manufacturing plant, which is situated between the canal and the Orne River. Just east of the river is the town of Colombelles. ''Hérouville'' was the commune name until 1957. Population Hérouville-Saint-Clair experienced a very fast development which made it the most populous suburb of Caen Caen (, ; nrf, Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the department of Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inhabitants (), while its functional urban area has 470,000,
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