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Twinings Tea
Twinings () is a British marketer of tea and other beverages, including coffee, hot chocolate and malt drinks, based in Andover, Hampshire. The brand is owned by Associated British Foods. It holds the world's oldest continually used company logo, and is London's longest-standing ratepayer, having occupied the same premises on the Strand since 1706. Twinings tea varieties include black tea, green tea and herbal teas, along with fruit-based cold infusions. History Twinings was founded by Thomas Twining, of Painswick, Gloucestershire, England, who opened Britain's first known tea room, at No. 216 Strand, London, in 1706; it still operates today. The firm's logo, created in 1787, is the world's oldest in continuous use. Holder of a royal warrant, Twinings was acquired by Associated British Foods in 1964. The company is associated with Earl Grey tea, a tea infused with bergamot, though it is unclear when this association began, and how important the company's involvement wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strand, London
Strand (or the Strand) is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster, Central London. It runs just over from Trafalgar Square eastwards to Temple Bar, where the road becomes Fleet Street in the City of London, and is part of the A4, a main road running west from inner London. The road's name comes from the Old English ''strond'', meaning the edge of a river, as it historically ran alongside the north bank of the River Thames. The street was much identified with the British upper classes between the 12th and 17th centuries, with many historically important mansions being built between the Strand and the river. These included Essex House, Arundel House, Somerset House, Savoy Palace, Durham House and Cecil House. The aristocracy moved to the West End during the 17th century, and the Strand became known for its coffee shops, restaurants and taverns. The street was a centre point for theatre and music hall during the 19th century, and several venues remain on the St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergamot Essential Oil
Bergamot essential oil is a cold-pressed essential oil produced by cells inside the rind of a bergamot orange fruit. It is a common flavoring and top note in perfumes. The scent of bergamot essential oil is similar to a sweet light orange peel oil with a floral note. Production The '' sfumatura'' or slow-folding process was the traditional technique for manually extracting the bergamot oil. By more modern methods, the oil is extracted mechanically with machines called peelers, which scrape the outside of the fruit under running water to get an emulsion channeled into centrifuges for separating the essence from the water. The rinds of 100 bergamot oranges yield about of bergamot oil. Uses Bergamot essential oil has been used in cosmetics, aromatherapy, and as a flavoring in food and beverages. Its citrus scent makes it a natural flavoring and deodorizing agent. The volatile oils of the bergamot orange are described as flavoring agents in the USP Food Chemicals Codex a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanical Illustrator
Botanical illustration is the art of depicting the form, color, and details of plant species, frequently in watercolor paintings. They must be scientifically accurate but often also have an artistic component and may be printed with a botanical description in books, magazines, and other media or sold as a work of art. Often composed by a botanical illustrator in consultation with a scientific author, their creation requires an understanding of plant morphology and access to specimens and references. Typical illustrations are in watercolour, but may also be in oils, ink or pencil, or a combination of these. The image may be life size or not, the scale is often shown, and may show the habit and habitat of the plant, the upper and reverse sides of leaves, and details of flowers, bud, seed and root system. Botanical illustration is sometimes used as a type for attribution of a botanical name to a taxon. The inability of botanists to conserve certain dried specimens, or restrictio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Twining
Elizabeth Twining (1805–1889) was an English painter, author, and botanical illustrator. She is best known for her detailed botanical illustrations, especially the two-volume ''Illustrations of the Natural Order of Plants'', which was published between 1849 and 1855. She was an heiress of the Twinings family of tea merchants and was a philanthropist. Biography Elizabeth Twining was born in 1805 into the Twinings tea-merchant family, she was one of the nine children of Richard Twining by his wife Elizabeth Mary Smythies. She was raised in London, where she learned art and drawing as part of her education, during which she was inspired by Curtis's ''The Botanical Magazine'' and the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick. Elizabeth began to draw plants and flowers, and practiced by making sketches from works in the Dulwich Picture Gallery. She was able to visit famous museums with her father's patronage. Elizabeth Twining wrote and illustrated a number of books ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Twining (military Physician)
William Twining (1790–1835) was a British military surgeon who practiced in the Indian Subcontinent. Early life William Twining was born in 1790. His father was Reverend William Twining of Nova Scotia. His grandfather Griffith Twining had in 1770 left his home in Clarbeston, Pembrokeshire, Wales to be a missionary abroad. The family has origins in the town of Twining near Tewkesbury. By common ancestry from the 1400s with Twining family of Pershore, Twining was a distant relation to Richard Twining of Twinings and the East India Company tea trade. Twining began studying medicine at Guy's Hospital under Astley Cooper in 1808. For two years he worked as an anatomy demonstrator for Joshua Brookes. Career In 1821 he became personal surgeon to Edward Paget, Governor of Ceylon. In 1824 he became the Assistant Surgeon to the Bengal Establishment in the East India Company. While in that role he also continued his term of military service through 1830. In 1835 Twining wrote what seems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Twining (scholar)
Thomas Twining (8 January 1735, Twickenham, London, England6 August 1804, Colchester) was an English classical scholar and cleric. Scholarship The son of Daniel Twining, tea merchant of London, and Ann March, he was originally intended for a commercial life, but because of his distaste for it and his fondness for study, his father decided to send him to university. He entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge in 1755, and became a fellow in 1760. He took orders and was married in 1764 to Elizabeth Smythies (1739–1796), daughter of Palmer Smythies, rector of St Michael's, Colchester, who had taught him at Colchester Free Grammar School. Twining spent the remainder of his life as incumbent of All Saints Church, Fordham, Essex, and in plurality as vicar of White Notley (from 1772) and rector of St Mary-at-the-Walls, Colchester (from 1788), where he lived from 1790 until his death on 6 August 1804.Chahoud, 2004. Twining's reputation as a classical scholar was established by his tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Twining (tea Merchant, Born 1749)
Richard Twining (1749–1824) was an English merchant, a director of the East India Company, and the head of Twinings the tea merchants in the Strand, London. Life Richard Twining was one of three sons of Daniel Twining; his mother was Mary Twining, née Little, Daniel's second wife. Richard was born at Devereux Court in 1749, and educated at Eton College. He entered the Twinings tea business at the age of fourteen with his mother after the death of his father in 1762, and succeeded to sole management in 1782 (joined later by his brother John). He participated in the major development of the tea trade caused by the operation of Commutation Act in 1784–6, during the drafting of which William Pitt the Younger repeatedly consulted him. In 1793 Twining was elected a director of the East India Company. He had published three papers of ''Remarks'' on the tea trade of the company, and one of his first acts was to carry a self-denying motion prohibiting directors from trading with Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Twining
Mary Twining (1726-1804), née Little, led Twinings, the tea company, from 1763 to 1782, after the death of her husband, Daniel Twining. Her sons, Richard Twining and John Twining, eventually took over the company from her. Today, Twinings still exists and is a recognized, global brand. Life and death Mary Little was born on 9 August 1726 in Wisbech, England, and was the eldest daughter of Richard Little Esq., a merchant. She married Daniel Twining in 1745, two years after he lost his first wife, Ann March. Along with a son from his first marriage, Thomas Twining, they had three sons together, Daniel, Richard, and John. Daniel (1748-1765) was supposedly killed by a blow to the head from a cricket ball while studying at Eton College. Mary died in 1804, at the age of 78. Twinings Prior to Daniel Twining's sudden death in 1762, he ran the family business created by his father, Thomas Twining, from 1741 until 1753 by himself. In 1753 he took on a business partner named Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Slavery
Contemporary slavery, also sometimes known as modern slavery or neo-slavery, refers to institutional slavery that continues to occur in present-day society. Estimates of the number of enslaved people today range from around 38 million to 46 million, depending on the method used to form the estimate and the definition of slavery being used. The estimated number of enslaved people is debated, as there is no universally agreed definition of modern slavery; those in slavery are often difficult to identify, and adequate statistics are often not available. The International Labour Organization estimates that, by their definitions, over 40 million people are in some form of slavery today. 24.9 million people are in forced labor, of whom 16 million people are exploited in the private sector such as domestic work, construction or agriculture; 4.8 million persons in forced sexual exploitation, and 4 million persons in forced labour imposed by state authorities. An additional 15.4 million p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traidcraft
Traidcraft is a UK-based Fairtrade organisation, established in 1979. The organisation has two components: a public limited company called Traidcraft plc, which sells fairly traded products in the United Kingdom; and a development charity called Traidcraft Exchange that works with poor producers in Africa and Asia. Traidcraft was a co-founder of the Fairtrade Foundation. History Traidcraft was set up as a faith organisation in August 1979. It was launched from the top floor of a 1920s warehouse (India House, Carliol Square) in the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne by Richard Adams with six members of staff. Its first catalogue was hand-drawn featuring a small selection of jute products from Bangladesh. Within two years tea, coffee and subsequently a wide range of other foods were introduced. In September 1983 the organisation moved into a warehouse on the Team Valley Trading Estate in Gateshead, Tyne & Wear. In 2004 it opened a second warehouse on the Team Valley, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethical Consumer
Ethical Consumer Research Association Ltd (ECRA) is a British not-for-profit publisher, research, political, and campaign organisation which publishes information on the social, ethical and environmental behaviour of companies and issues around trade justice and ethical consumption. It was founded in 1989 by Rob Harrison and Jane Turner and has been publishing the bi-monthly ''Ethical Consumer Magazine'' since. Its office is in Manchester. History Ethical Consumer was formed in Hulme, Manchester, UK in 1989. Between 1989 and 2009 it was a worker co-operative, then in 2009 became a not-for-profit multi-stakeholder co-operative consisting of worker members and investor/subscriber members. It is an industrial and provident society. Company research and ratings Ethical Consumer researches the social, ethical and environmental records of companies, using media reporting, NGO reports, corporate communications and primary research. Consumer publishing It publishes a bi-monthly pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethical Tea Partnership
The Ethical Tea Partnership is a Private Limited Company that has been working with tea producers and tea companies to improve the sustainability of the tea industry since 1997.Jane Pettigrew and Bruce Richardson ‘Tea Classified: A Tea Lover’s Companion’ The National Trust Books, 2008 This industry-wide initiative, which was originally called the Tea Sourcing Partnership, was established by a number of large UK tea packing companies who took the decision to work together to improve the social conditions in their supply chains. Later on, ETP membership opened up to non UK-based tea packers, and extended the scheme to include environmental issues as well. The ETP works in all the main tea producing regions, with a London-based Secretariat, and five regional managers based in Kenya, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and China. Monitoring and Certification The ETP monitoring programme has been running since 1997 and is free of charge to producers. The programm's environmental and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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