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Twelve Generals' Letter
The Twelve Generals' Letter ( hr, Pismo dvanaestorice generala) was an open letter, signed by twelve generals of the Croatian Armed Forces, that criticized the government, politicians and media for perceived criminalization of the Croatian War of Independence and asserted that war veterans had suffered undignified treatment. On 29 September 2000, a day after the letter was published by the Croatian media, Croatian President Stjepan Mesić reacted by sending into forced retirement all seven of the signatories who were active-duty officers. The affair was a source of significant controversy in Croatia and is considered one of the key events in Mesić's ten-year presidential incumbency. Background Croatia underwent major political changes in late 1999 – early 2000. The first President of Croatia and leader of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Franjo Tuđman, died in office in December 1999. In January 2000 Tuđman's HDZ, a nationalist party that had ruled Croatia since i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Letter
An open letter is a Letter (message), letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally. Open letters usually take the form of a letter (message), letter addressed to an individual but provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Especially common are critical open letters addressed to political leaders. Letters patent are another form of open letter in which a legal document is both mailed to a person by the government and publicized so that all are made aware of it. Open letters can also be addressed directly to a group rather than any individual. Two of the most famous and influential open letters are ''J'accuse...!'' by Émile Zola to the President of France, accusing the French government of wrongfully convicting Alfred Dreyfus for alleged espionage, and Martin Luther King Jr.'s ''Letter from Birmingham Jail'', inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milan Levar
Milan Levar (c. 1954 – 28 August 2000) was a Croatian whistleblower, a former officer in the Croatian Army. The Gospić-born Levar was murdered by a bomb placed under his car outside his house in Gospić 28 August 2000, because he had publicly campaigned for justice for victims of crimes committed during the Croatian War of Independence. After volunteering for the Croatian Army in 1991, according to reports, in 1992 he was ordered to round-up Croatian Serbs for execution which he refused. He had helped to defend the town in 1991 when local Serbs rebelled against Croatia's declaration of independence. In 1991 he witnessed Serbian civilians taken by truck to locations outside of Gospić where they were executed by military police squads and buried in hidden mass graves. Thereafter, he witnessed the plunder of their homes. Levar reported the crimes at the time they occurred but nothing was done. He was so shocked by his own side's actions that he left the military and decided t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Kapular
Ivan () is a Slavic male given name, connected with the variant of the Greek name (English: John) from Hebrew meaning 'God is gracious'. It is associated worldwide with Slavic countries. The earliest person known to bear the name was Bulgarian tsar Ivan Vladislav. It is very popular in Russia, Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Belarus, North Macedonia, and Montenegro and has also become more popular in Romance-speaking countries since the 20th century. Etymology Ivan is the common Slavic Latin spelling, while Cyrillic spelling is two-fold: in Bulgarian, Russian, Macedonian, Serbian and Montenegrin it is Иван, while in Belarusian and Ukrainian it is Іван. The Old Church Slavonic (or Old Cyrillic) spelling is . It is the Slavic relative of the Latin name , corresponding to English '' John''. This Slavic version of the name originates from New Testament Greek (''Iōánnēs'') rather than from the Latin . The Greek name is in tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Čermak
Ivan Čermak (born 19 December 1949) is a Croatian businessman, politician and former general. Biography Born in Zagreb, Čermak became a small businessman in the 1980s. In the 1990s, he entered the oil business. Between 1990 and 1991, Čermak held the position of Vice President of the Executive Board of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and also served as an advisor to the President of the Republic of Croatia, Franjo Tuđman. In 1991, he was appointed the Assistant Minister of Defence in the Croatian Government, a position he held until 1993. While in this position and thereafter, he held the rank of Colonel General. He was succeeded in this position by his former chauffeur, Vladimir Zagorec. In 1993, he briefly served as the Ministry of Economy (Croatia), Minister of Economy in the Cabinet of Nikica Valentić. Čermak was commander of the Croatian Army's Knin corps during the 1995 Operation Storm. In 2000, he was one of the signatories to the Twelve Generals' Letter. In Febr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damir Krstičević
Damir Krstičević (; born 1 July 1969) is a Croatian general and politician who served as the Minister of Defence and Deputy Prime Minister from 2016 until his resignation in May 2020, which he tendered due to the deaths of two Croatian military pilots in an aircraft accident. Biography Krstičević was born on July 1, 1969 in Vrgorac, Split-Dalmatia County in SFR Yugoslavia. Since his childhood, he knew he wanted to be a soldier. He finished military high school in Sarajevo. Upon graduating from the Military Academy in Belgrade, Yugoslavia broke up. He joined the Croatian National Guard in the summer of 1991. He was assigned to the 4th Guards Brigade where he eventually rose to the position of the brigade's commander. After the war, in 1997, he was sent to continue his education at United States Army War College, and finished with excellent grades. In 2000 he was one of the signatories of the Twelve Generals' Letter, which resulted in Krstičević's retiring by then Cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Korade
Ivan Korade (17 December 1963 – 3 April 2008) was a Croatian Army general best known for his role in the Croatian War of Independence. Korade's long history of violent behaviour resulted in forced retirement in 1997 and culminated in a 2008 shooting spree in which he murdered five people before committing suicide. Early life and military career Ivan Korade was born in 1963 in Velika Veternička, a village near Zlatar, Hrvatsko Zagorje. Before the start of the Yugoslav Wars, he worked as a central heating installer. His military career began in 1991, when he volunteered for a special operations police unit. After the Croatian National Guard was formed, he joined the 1st Guards Brigade ("The Tigers") and became a battalion commander in 1992. He was badly injured in Dubrovnik in 1992, losing his left arm, but returned to action after only two weeks of recovery, and became the first commander of the newly formed 7th Guards Brigade ("Pumas") in 1993. His brigade was the first to e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Davor Domazet-Lošo
Davor Domazet-Lošo (born 1 May 1948) is a Croatian politician, conspiracy theorist, writer, and a retired admiral of the Croatian Navy. Biography Military career Domazet-Lošo graduated from all the Yugoslav People's Army schools, including the Military Academy, and started his military career in the Yugoslav Navy. Domazet-Lošo (then a captain) defected to the Croatian Army in autumn 1991. He became actively involved in military operations and organized the military intelligence services. He became the head of the Office for Strategic Research (1991), and the head of the Intelligence Service of the Croatian Army Headquarters (1992). In 1992, he and Ante Gotovina were the chief commanders of the Livno front and the large area of military operations covering the northern and central Dalmatia, southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. His biggest strategic successes include the planning of major operations in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (Operation Flash, Operation Storm, Oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirko Norac
Mirko Norac (born 19 September 1967) is a former Croatian general of the Croatian Army (HV), and a convicted war criminal. He was the first Croatian Army general to be found guilty of war crimes by a Croatian court, in 2003, after his case was transferred from The Hague to Zagreb. He was released on probation in November 2011. Military service Mirko Norac (also known as Mirko Norac Kevo) was born in the village of Otok, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, now part of the Republic of Croatia. He attended school in Sinj. Soon after the first multi-party elections in Croatia in August 1990, he joined the Ministry of Interior. On 12 September 1990 he joined the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit, a unit of the Croatian police. As a member of the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit, he took part in early activities by the Croatian police forces including the Plitvice Lakes incident. Gospić Operations In September 1991 Norac left the police force and moved to Gospić, where he took part in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major General
Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a lieutenant general outranking a major general, whereas a major outranks a lieutenant. In the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth and in the United States, when appointed to a field command, a major general is typically in command of a Division (military), division consisting of around 6,000 to 25,000 troops (several regiments or brigades). It is a two-star general, two-star rank that is subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the rank of brigadier or brigadier general. In the Commonwealth, major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral. In air forces with a separate rank structure (Commonwealth), major general is equivalent to air vice-marshal. In some countries including much of Eastern Europe, major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krešimir Ćosić (politician)
Krešimir Ćosić (born 23 October 1949 in Zagreb, FPR Yugoslavia) is a Croatian soldier and politician. Background He graduated from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the University of Zagreb in 1973, and later obtained a doctorate in 1984. Ćosić holds the rank of Lieutenant General of the Croatian Army. He was in active service between 1991 and 2000, when he was retired after signing the Twelve Generals' Letter. Since 2005, he has been leader of the Croatian delegation to the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=383 Politics Ćosić attained a seat in the Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ... on the party list of Croatian Democratic Union at the 2003 and 2007 parliamentary elections. References 1949 births Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ante Gotovina
Ante Gotovina (born 12 October 1955) is a Croatian retired lieutenant general and former French senior corporal who served in the Croatian War for Independence. He is noted for his primary role in the 1995 Operation Storm. In 2001, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) indicted him on war crimes and crimes against humanity charges in connection with that operation and its aftermath. After spending four years in hiding, he was captured in the Canary Islands in December 2005. On 16 November 2012, Gotovina's convictions were overturned by an appeals panel at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and he was released from custody. Early life Ante Gotovina was born in Tkon on the island of Pašman. His father Milan tried to move with his mother to Italy, but was caught by the Yugoslav border police. His mother was released while his father spent time in prison. When Gotovina was nearly four, his mother was killed savin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a captain general. In modern armies, lieutenant general normally ranks immediately below general and above major general; it is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral, and in air forces with a separate rank structure, it is equivalent to air marshal. A lieutenant general commands an army corps, made up of typically three army divisions, and consisting of around 60 000 to 70 000 soldiers (U.S.). The seeming incongruity that a lieutenant general outranks a major general (whereas a major outranks a lieutenant) is due to the derivation of major general from sergeant major general, which was a rank subordinate to lieutenant general (as a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major). In contrast, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
