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Turritopsis Nutricula
''Turritopsis nutricula'' is a small hydrozoan that once reaching adulthood, can transfer its cells back to childhood. This Adaptation, adaptive trait likely evolved in order to extend the life of the individual. Several different species of the genus ''Turritopsis'' were formerly classified as ''T. nutricula'', including the "biological immortality#Jellyfish, immortal jellyfish" which is now classified as ''Turritopsis dohrnii, T. dohrnii''. Life cycle Hydrozoans have two distinct stages in their life, a polyp stage and a medusa stage. The polyp stage is benthic, with the cells forming colonies, while the medusa stage is a singular, planktonic organism. Generally in hydrozoa the medusa develops from the asexual budding of the polyp and the polyp results from sexual reproduction of medusae. In ''T. nutricula'', planktonic medusa have the capability to bud polyps or medusae which also have the ability to spawn new medusae. Several nominal species have been described for this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrozoan
Hydrozoa (hydrozoans; from Ancient Greek ('; "water") and ('; "animals")) is a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within this class live in freshwater habitats. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals, which also belong to the phylum Cnidaria. Some examples of hydrozoans are the freshwater jelly ('' Craspedacusta sowerbyi''), freshwater polyps ('' Hydra''), '' Obelia'', Portuguese man o' war (''Physalia physalis''), chondrophores (Porpitidae), and pink-hearted hydroids ('' Tubularia''). Anatomy Most hydrozoan species include both a polypoid and a medusoid stage in their life cycles, although a number of them have only one or the other. For example, ''Hydra'' has no medusoid stage, while '' Liriope'' lacks the polypoid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adaptation
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection. Historically, adaptation has been described from the time of the ancient Greek philosophers such as Empedocles and Aristotle. In 18th and 19th-century natural theology, adaptation was taken as evidence for the existence of a deity. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace proposed instead that it was explained by natural selection. Adaptation is related to biological fitness, which governs the rate of evolution as measured by changes in allele frequencies. Often, two or more species co-adapt and co-evolve as they develop adaptations tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turritopsis
''Turritopsis'' is a genus of hydrozoans in the family Oceaniidae. Species According to the ''World Register of Marine Species'', this genus includes the following species: * '' Turritopsis chevalense'' – ''species inquirenda'' * '' Turritopsis dohrnii'' also known as the " Benjamin Button jellyfish", or the "immortal jellyfish". It can reverse its life cycle and transform itself back to a polyp. * '' Turritopsis fascicularis'' * '' Turritopsis lata'' * '' Turritopsis minor'' * ''Turritopsis nutricula ''Turritopsis nutricula'' is a small hydrozoan that once reaching adulthood, can transfer its cells back to childhood. This Adaptation, adaptive trait likely evolved in order to extend the life of the individual. Several different species of the ...'' (several species, including the "immortal jellyfish", were formerly classified as ''T. nutricula'') * '' Turritopsis pacifica'' * '' Turritopsis pleurostoma'' – ''species inquirenda'' * '' Turritopsis polycirrha'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Immortality
Biological immortality (sometimes referred to as bio-indefinite mortality) is a state in which the rate of mortality from senescence (or aging) is stable or decreasing, thus decoupling it from chronological age. Various unicellular and multicellular species, including some vertebrates, achieve this state either throughout their existence or after living long enough. A biologically immortal living being can still die from means other than senescence, such as through injury, poison, disease, predation, lack of available resources, or changes to environment. This definition of immortality has been challenged in the ''Handbook of the Biology of Aging'', because the increase in rate of mortality as a function of chronological age may be negligible at extremely old ages, an idea referred to as the late-life mortality plateau. The rate of mortality may cease to increase in old age, but in most cases that rate is typically very high. Cell lines Biologists chose the word "immortal" to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turritopsis Dohrnii
''Turritopsis dohrnii'', also known as the immortal jellyfish, is a species of small, biologically immortal jellyfish found worldwide in temperate to tropic waters. It is one of the few known cases of animals capable of completely reverting to a sexually immature, colonial stage after having reached sexual maturity as a solitary individual. Like most other hydrozoans, ''T. dohrnii'' begin their lives as tiny, free-swimming larvae known as planulae. As a planula settles down, it gives rise to a colony of polyps that are attached to the sea floor. All the polyps and jellyfish arising from a single planula are genetically identical clones. The polyps form into an extensively branched form, which is not commonly seen in most jellyfish. Jellyfish, also known as medusae, then bud off these polyps and continue their life in a free-swimming form, eventually becoming sexually mature. When sexually mature, they are known to prey on other jellyfish species at a rapid pace. If the ''T. do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transdifferentiation
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, is the process in which one mature somatic cell is transformed into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type.(a process where one type of fully developed body cell changes directly into another type of body cell, without the cell turning into a stem cell first) It is a type of metaplasia, which includes all cell fate switches, including the interconversion of stem cells.(it’s considered as a form of metaplasia, which refers to any change from one kind of cell to another, including changes involving stem cells.) Current uses of transdifferentiation include disease modeling and drug discovery and in the future may include gene therapy and regenerative medicine.(transdifferentiation is currently used in areas like understanding diseases, testing new drugs, and possibly future treatments such as gene therapy and tissue repair). The term 'transdifferentiation' wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceaniidae
Oceaniidae is one of the over 50 cnidarian families of the order Anthomedusae. It contains nearly 50 species in ten genera. Genera *'' Corydendrium'' (11 species) *'' Corystolona'' (monotypic) *'' Merona'' (5 species) *''Oceania Oceania ( , ) is a region, geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Outside of the English-speaking world, Oceania is generally considered a continent, while Mainland Australia is regarded as its co ...'' (6 species) *'' Pachycordyle'' (disputed) *'' Rhizogeton'' (7 species) *'' Similomerona'' (monotypic) *'' Tubiclava'' (5 species) *'' Turritopsis'' (11 species) *'' Turritopsoides'' (monotypic) References Filifera Cnidarian families {{Anthoathecata-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animals Described In 1857
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia (). With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, have myocytes and are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Animals form a clade, meaning that they arose from a single common ancestor. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described, of which around 1.05 million are insects, over 85,000 are molluscs, and around 65,000 are vertebrates. It has been estimated there are as many as 7.77 million animal species on Earth. Animal body lengths range from to . They have complex ecologies and interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology, and the study of animal behaviour is known as ethology. The animal kingdom is divided into five major clades, namely Porifera, Ctenopho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
