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Turkish Civil Code
Turkish civil code () is one of the earliest laws in the history of Turkey within the scope of the Turkish Revolution. Background During the Ottoman Empire, the legal system of Turkey was Sharia like other Muslim countries. A committee headed by Ahmet Cevdet Pasha in 1877 compiled the rules of Sharia. Although this was an improvement, it still lacked modern concepts. Besides two different legal systems were adopted; one for the Muslim and the other for the non Muslim subjects of the empire. After the proclamation of Turkish Republic on 29 October 1923, Turkey began to adopt modern laws. Preparation The Turkish parliament formed a committee to compare the civil codes of European countries. Austrian, German, French, and Swiss civil codes were examined. Finally on 25 December 1925 the commission decided on the Swiss civil code as a model for the Turkish civil code. The Turkish Civil Code was enacted on 17 February 1926. The preamble to the Code was written by Mahmut Esat Bozkurt, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turkish people, Turks, while ethnic Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the Minorities in Turkey, largest ethnic minority. Officially Secularism in Turkey, a secular state, Turkey has Islam in Turkey, a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, various ancient peoples. The Hattians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmut Esat Bozkurt
Mahmut Esat Bozkurt (1892 – 21 December 1943) was a Turkish jurist, politician, government minister and academic. His birth name was Mahmut Esat. But after the adaptation of the Turkish Surname Law in 1934, he chose the surname ''Bozkurt'' in remembrance of the Grey Wolf, a symbol for Turkdom. The surname also refers to the Turkish steamer ''S.S. Bozkurt'' in the Lotus case. He was in the intellectual environment of the Turkish Hearths for almost two decades. Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2006). Kieser, Hans-Lukas (ed.).p. 24 Life Mahmut Esat was born to Hasan Bey of Hacı Mahmutoğulları in Kuşadası, Aydın Vilayet during the Ottoman Empire era in 1892. His family came to Kuşadası from Mora as refugees because of the Greek uprising. His father, Hasan Bey, became mayor of Kuşadası in 1900. He finished the idadi (high school) in İzmir in 1908. The same year he entered the Istanbul University's School of Law, from which he graduated in 1912. He traveled to Fribourg, Switz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1926 In Turkey
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number) * One of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (1987 film), a 1987 science fiction film * '' 19-Nineteen'', a 2009 South Korean film * '' Diciannove'', a 2024 Italian drama film informally referred to as "Nineteen" in some sources Science * Potassium, an alkali metal * 19 Fortuna, an asteroid Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album '' 63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle * " Stone in Focus", officially "#19", a composition by Aphex Twin * "Nineteen", a song from the 1992 album ''Refugee'' by Bad4Good * "Nineteen", a song from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Müfide İlhan
Müfide İlhan (19 February 1911 – 2 February 1996) was a Turkish politician. She was the mayor of Mersin in the early 1950s and is known as being the first woman mayor in Turkey. Early life Müfide İlhan was born on 19 February 1911 in Istanbul.Kudret Ünal:''Müfide İlhan'', Tarsus Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, Tarsus, 2013 , p. 11 Her father was Mustafa Nazif, an army officer and her mother was Emine, a homemaker. She was only four years of age when her father Nafiz fell at Conk Bayırı during the Gallipoli campaign in the World War I. After the war, she was sent to Ankara, where she completed her elementary education. After the liberation of Istanbul, she moved to Istanbul and completed her secondary education in the Kandilli High School for Girls. In 1928 she finished teachers' college. After finishing the college she began serving as a teacher in Istanbul. First marriage In 1928 she married Nuri Çetinkaya an army officer. She accompanied her husband in various T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatı Çırpan
Hatı Çırpan (formerly Satı Kadın, 1890 – March 21, 1956) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, one of the first Women in Turkish politics, female members of the parliament in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, elected in the 1935 Turkish general election, 1935 general elections. Life She was born in the village of Kahramankazan in 1890. Her father and mother were Kara Mehmet Efendi and Emine Hanım. She was the wife of a soldier who was wounded in the throat during the Balkan War. She was the mother of five children. She worked as a farmer and village headman after her father. On October 26, 1933, after women were given the right to be mukhtars, she won the elections for the village headman of Kazan and became one of the first female mukhtars in Turkey. Just before the Second Language Congress (''İkinci Türk Dil Kurultayı'', 18–23 August 1934), on July 16, 1934, President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk left Ankara for an excursion to the village of Kazan, Ankara, Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gülkız Ürbül
Gülkız Ürbül (1901–1990) was a Turkish woman who became the first female muhtar ( village chief) in Turkey in 1933. She later on changed her name to Gül Esin Aydın. Background Up to 1930, women had no political rights in Turkey. Beginning in 1930, they gained suffrage in local elections by Act no. 1580, dated 3 April 1930. Three years later, by Act no. 2349, dated 26 October 1933, the eligibility for the post of muhtar was also included in suffrage. Two weeks later, Ürbül was elected the muhtar in Demircidere village of the Çine ilçe (district) in Aydın Province, marking the first time a woman was elected a political office in Turkey. (The village of Demircidere was later declared a district named Karpuzlu.) Election and service term In the 1930s, Gülkız Ürbül was one of the few literate village women in Turkey. During the First World War and Turkish War of Independence, she had lost her husband and five of her six brothers. In the election campaign, she ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygamy
Polygamy (from Late Greek , "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marriage, marrying multiple spouses. When a man is married to more than one wife at the same time, it is called polygyny. When a woman is married to more than one husband at the same time, it is called polyandry. In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use ''polygamy'' in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating. In contrast to polygamy, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties. Like "monogamy", the term "polygamy" is often used in a ''de facto'' sense, applied regardless of whether a State (polity), state recognizes the relationship.For the extent to which states can and do recognize potentially and actual polygamous forms as valid, see Conflict of marriage laws. In many countries, the law only recognises monogamous marriages (a person can only have one spouse, and bigamy is illegal), but adultery is not illegal, leading to a situation of ''de facto'' polygamy being allo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Government Of Turkey
The 4th government of Turkey (3 March 1925 – 1 November 1927) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called ''the third İnönü government''. Background The government was formed after the previous government led by Fethi Okyar fell following the Sheikh Said rebellion.''Türkiye'nin 75 yılı,'' Tempo Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998 The new prime minister was İsmet İnönü of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who was also the prime minister of the first two governments of Turkey The government In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes". In 1925–1927, surnames were not in use in Turkey, which would remain true until the Surname Law. The surnames given in the list are the surnames the members of the cabinet assumed later. Aftermath On 1 November 1927, the president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preamble
A preamble () is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute. It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law. In parliamentary procedure using Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution. Legal effect While preambles may be regarded as unimportant introductory matter, their words may have effects that may not have been foreseen by their drafters. France In France, the preamble to the constitution of the Fifth Republic of 1958 was considered ancillary and therefore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atatürk's Reforms
Atatürk's reforms ( or ''Atatürk Devrimleri''), also referred to as the Turkish Revolution (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Türk Devrimi''), were a series of political, legal, religious, cultural, social, and economic policy changes, designed to transform the new Turkey, Republic of Turkey into a Secularism in Turkey, secular, modern Nation state, nation-state, implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in accordance with the Kemalism, Kemalist framework. The principal political entity, the Republican People's Party (CHP), ruled One-party period of the Republic of Turkey, Turkey as a one-party state from 1923 to 1945, with several exceptions of attempts for a multi-party democracy. Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Following Atatürk's death in 1938, his successor İsmet İnönü took over the leadership and integrated further Kemalist reforms. İnönü's work was however stranded by World War II and the CHP eventually 1950 Turkish general elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Civil Code
The Swiss Civil Code (SR/RS 210, ; ; ; ) is a portion of the second part (SR/RS 2) of the internal Swiss law ("Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement") that regulates the codified law ruling in Switzerland and relationship between individuals. It was first adopted in 1907 (effective since 1 January 1912). It was largely influenced by the German civil code, and partly influenced by the French civil code, but the majority of comparative law scholars (such as K. Zweigert and Rodolfo Sacco) argue that the Swiss code derives from a distinct paradigm of civil law. History and influences Adopted on 10 December 1907 (and is thus formally known as the ''Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907''), and in force since 1912. It was created by Eugen Huber, it was subsequently translated in the two other national languages (at the time Romansh was not official) by Virgile Rossel and Brenno Bertoni for French and Italian, respectively. The Civil code of the Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Code
A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property law, property, family law, family, and law of obligations, obligations. A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core areas of private law that would otherwise typically be codified in a civil code may instead be codified in a commercial code (law), commercial code. History The history of Codification (law), codification dates back to ancient Babylon. The earliest surviving civil code is the Code of Ur-Nammu, written around 2100–2050 BC. The Corpus Juris Civilis, a codification of Roman law produced between 529 and 534 AD by the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Justinian I, forms the basis of Civil law (legal system), civil law legal systems that would rule over Continental Europe. Other codified laws used since ancient times include various texts used in religious law, such as the Manu Smriti, Law of Manu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
