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Trustee Of Labour
Trustees of Labour (german: Treuhänder der Arbeit), sometimes referred to as Reich Trustees of Labour, were government-appointed officials of Nazi Germany that were in charge of labour relations between 1933 and 1945 and were responsible for regulating employment contracts and maintaining industrial peace. Origin and organization * The Trustees of Labour were established by the Law on the Trustees of Labour (') of 19 May 1933. * The first trustees were appointed by Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler on 15 June 1933. * There initially was one trustee for each of thirteen economic areas (''Wirtschaftsgebiete''). * By 1941, due to the geographic expansion of the Reich, there were twenty-two trustees and the position remained in existence through the fall of the Nazi regime in May 1945. * The trustees were recruited from the state and Party bureaucracy, the private sector or the Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce. * The trustees were Reich officials and were superv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany, the head of gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Austria
Upper Austria (german: Oberösterreich ; bar, Obaöstareich) is one of the nine states or of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population. History Origins For a long period of the Middle Ages, much of what would become Upper Austria constituted Traungau, a region of the Duchy of Bavaria. In the mid-13th century, it became known as the Principality above the Enns River ('), this name being first recorded in 1264. (At the time, the term "Upper Austria" also included Tyrol and various scattered Habsburg possessions in South Germany.) Early modern era In 1490, the area was given a measure of independence within the Holy Roman Empire, with the status of a principality. By 1550, there was a Protestant majority. In 1564, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostmark (Austria)
Ostmark (, "Eastern March") was the name used by Nazi propaganda from 1938 to 1942 to replace that of the formerly independent Federal State of Austria after the ''Anschluss'' with Nazi Germany. From the ''Anschluss'' until 1939, the official name used was Land Österreich ("State of Austria"). History Once Austrian-born Adolf Hitler completed the union between his birth country and Germany ''(Anschluss)'', the Nazi government had the incorporated territory renamed. The name ''Austria'' (''Österreich'' in German, meaning "Eastern Realm") was at first replaced by "Ostmark", referring to the 10th century '' Marcha orientalis''. The change was meant to refer to Austria as the new "eastern march" of the Reich. In August 1938, the ''Donau-Zeitung'' proudly referred to Passau as "the cradle of the new ''Ostmark''". Subdivision According to the ''Ostmarkgesetz'' with effect from 1 May 1939 the former States of Austria were reorganized into seven ''Reichsgaue'', each under the rule of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Proksch
Alfred Proksch (December 11, 1908 – January 3, 2011) was an Austrian Olympic athlete and graphic designer. The son of one of the co-founders of the Wiener Sport-Club, Proksch took an active interest in both athletics and graphic design from an early age. By the age of 19 he had started his own design company and would later become a founder, then president, of the Confederation of Austrian Graphic Designers. He was also a key figure in the founding of Icograda. By the age of 17, Proksch was a champion pole vaulter and competed internationally, most notably placing 6th in the event at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He broke the Austrian record for the event on eight separate occasions. Even after turning 100, he continued to compete at the World's Masters Championships, often unopposed in his age bracket. Having won 14 gold medals at the games after 1994, he was considered the world's oldest active athlete. He was one of the last two known surviving track and fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurt Melcher
Kurt Melcher (8 July 1881 – 14 October 1970) was a German lawyer and politician who served as the police chief of Essen and Berlin between 1919 and 1933. He was also briefly the '' Oberpräsident'' of the Prussian Province of Saxony, and served as the Trustee of Labour for public service from 1935 to 1945. Early life Melcher was born in Barop (since 1929, a part of Dortmund), the son of a mine director, and graduated from the Gymnasium there in 1899. He studied law at Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Humboldt University of Berlin and Kiel University, and was a member of the student corps ''Suevia Tübingen''. He obtained his doctorate in law, passed his ''Referendar'' examination and began a legal clerkship at the higher regional court in Hamm in 1902. He performed mandatory military service as a one-year volunteer from October 1902 with the 7th (Rhenish) Uhlan Regiment, based in Sankt Johann (Saarbrücken). Following completion of his ''Assessor'' examination in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony (german: Niedersachsen ; nds, Neddersassen; stq, Läichsaksen) is a German state (') in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ' federated as the Federal Republic of Germany. In rural areas, Northern Low Saxon and Saterland Frisian are still spoken, albeit in declining numbers. Lower Saxony borders on (from north and clockwise) the North Sea, the states of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, , Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia, and the Netherlands. Furthermore, the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony, one being the city of Bremen, the other its seaport, Bremerhaven (which is a semi-enclave, as it has a coastline). Lower Saxony thus borders more neighbours than any other single '. The state's largest cities are state capital Hanover, Braunschweig (Brunswick), Lüneburg, Osnabrück, Oldenburg, Hildesheim, Salzgitt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Markert
Ernst Otto Richard Markert (7 November 1891 – 13 April 1957) was a Nazi Party politician who, in the first year of Nazi Germany, served as the President of the Senate and the '' Bürgermeister'' (mayor) of Bremen. After the end of the Second World War, he settled in East Germany (GDR), joined the pro-GDR National Democratic Party of Germany and became a magistrate. He escaped to West Germany, worked as an in-house counsel to an employers' association and died in Cologne in 1957. Early life Markert was born in Elsterwerda, the son of a master baker. He attended '' Realschule'' in Großenhain and Weißenfels, obtained his ''Abitur'' in 1912 and began to study law, economics and chemical technology at the Humboldt University of Berlin and at the University of Leipzig in Saxony. His studies were interrupted by the First World War, in which he served as an artillery officer from August 1914 to December 1918. He was awarded the Iron Cross, 1st and 2nd class, the Saxo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's State Of Hesse
The People's State of Hesse (german: Volksstaat Hessen) was one of the constituent states of Weimar Republic, Germany from 1918 to 1945, as the successor to the Grand Duchy of Hesse (german: Großherzogtum Hessen) after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I, on the territory of the current States of Germany, German states of Hesse and Rhineland-Pfalz. The State was established after Grand Duke Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, Ernest Louis was deposed on 9 November 1918. The term "People's State" referred to the fact that the new state was a Republic (rather than implying that it was Socialist state, socialist) and was used in the same manner as the term Free_state_(polity)#Germany, Free State, which was employed by most of the other German States in this period. Like the Grand Duchy, the capital was Darmstadt and the state consisted of provinces Upper Hesse (german: Oberhessen, capital Gießen), Starkenburg (capital Darmstadt) and Rhenish Hesse (german: Rheinhessen, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Kimmich
Karl Kimmich (September 14, 1880 in Ulm – September 10, 1945 in Berlin) was a German banker. From 1933 to 1942, he was member of the executive board of Deutsche Bank and from 1942 to 1945 chairman of the same firm. Early life He was the son of the painter, art teacher and author Karl Kimmich senior and his wife Christine, née Autenrieth and had a younger brother, Max W. Kimmich, who was thirteen years his junior. The latter later married the youngest sister of Joseph Goebbels. Education After his Abitur, Kimmich became an apprentice at a private bank in Ulm before studying political economics, in which he promoted in 1906. After his promotion, he worked for the Schaffhausenscher Bankverein, a then Berlin bank. This lasted until 1915, when he went to the Cologne head office of this bank where he became over the years one of the best adepts of the Rhine-Ruhr area. In 1919 he was made assistant member and two years later regular member of the supervisory board, but had to gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Province Of Westphalia
The Province of Westphalia () was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946. In turn, Prussia was the largest component state of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, of the Weimar Republic and from 1918 to 1933, and of Nazi Germany from 1933 until 1945. The province was formed and awarded to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. It combined some territories that had previously belonged to Prussia with a range of other territories that had previously been independent principalities. The population included a large population of Catholics, a significant development for Prussia, which had hitherto been almost entirely Protestant. The politics of the province in the early nineteenth century saw local expectations of Prussian reforms, increased self-government, and a constitution largely stymied. The Revolutions of 1848 led to an effervescence of political activity in the province, but the failur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rüdiger Graf Von Der Goltz (lawyer)
Gustav Adolf Karl Joachim Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz (10 July 1894 – 18 April 1976) was a German lawyer and Nazi Party member who, in the years before they came to power, defended many prominent Nazis, including Joseph Goebbels. He was also a member of the '' Reichstag'' and the Prussian State Council. Early life Goltz was born in Charlottenburg into the German noble family of von der Goltz, the son of a ''Generalmajor'' of the Royal Prussian Army, Rüdiger von der Goltz (1865–1946) and his wife, Hannah Caroline Helene Marie von Hase (1873–1941), granddaughter of Karl August von Hase. He attended the '' Gymnasium'' in Magdeburg and Berlin. Then he initially trained as a soldier, becoming an officer in the 1st Foot Guards Regiment. He fought in the First World War and left active service in 1915 after sustaining a serious wound that resulted in the amputation of his leg. At the time of his separation, he held the rank of ''Oberleutnant'' and had earned the Hans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants, it is second in population only to North Rhine-Westphalia, but due to its large size its population density is below the German average. Bavaria's main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became the Duchy of Bavaria (a stem duchy) in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, became an ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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