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Trillium
''Trillium'' (trillium, wakerobin, toadshade, tri flower, birthroot, birthwort, and sometimes "wood lily") is a genus of about fifty flowering plant species in the family Melanthiaceae. ''Trillium'' species are native to temperate regions of North America and Asia, with the greatest diversity of species found in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States. Description Plants of this genus are perennial herbs growing from rhizomes. There are three large leaf-like bracts arranged in a whorl about a scape that rises directly from the rhizome. There are no true aboveground leaves but sometimes there are scale-like leaves on the underground rhizome. The bracts are photosynthetic and are sometimes called leaves. The inflorescence is a single flower with three green or reddish sepals and three petals in shades of red, purple, pink, white, yellow, or green. At the center of the flower there are six stamens and three stigmas borne on a very short style, if any ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trillium Erectum
''Trillium erectum'', the red trillium, also known as wake robin, purple trillium, bethroot, or stinking benjamin, is a species of flowering plant in the family (biology), family Melanthiaceae. The plant takes its common name "wake robin" by analogy with the European robin, which has a red breast heralding spring. Likewise ''Trillium erectum'' is a ephemeral plant, spring ephemeral whose life-cycle is synchronized with that of the forests in which it lives. It is native plant, native to the eastern United States and eastern Canada from northern Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to Quebec and New Brunswick. Description ''Trillium erectum'' is a Perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plant that grows to about in height with a spread of . It can tolerate extreme cold in winter, surviving temperatures down to . Like all trilliums, its parts are in groups of three, with a 3-petalled flower above a whorl of pointed triple leaves. The petals are dark reddish brown, maroon, purple, pale ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trillium Cernuum
''Trillium cernuum'' is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family Melanthiaceae. The specific epithet ''cernuum'' means "drooping, curving forwards, facing downwards", a distinctive habit of its flower. It is commonly called nodding trillium or nodding wakerobin (not to be confused with ''Trillium flexipes'') since the flower is invariably found nodding beneath the leaves. It is sometimes referred to as the northern nodding trillium to distinguish from ''Trillium rugelii'', a similar nodding species native to the southern Appalachian Mountains. It is also called the whip-poor-will flower since presumably its bloom coincides with the spring arrival of the migrating bird with the same name. ''Trillium cernuum'' was thought to be one of three species of ''Trillium'' described by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1753 (the other two being ''Trillium erectum'' and ''Trillium sessile''). The specimen examined by Linnaeus was actually '' Trillium catesbaei'', a nodding sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trilliaceae
Trilliaceae was a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised as distinct since 1846 when it was recognized; this tablfor a summarizes the placement of these taxa. The family has been recognized by taxonomists such as Takhtajan, Dahlgren, Thorne, and Watson & Dallwitz; other taxonomists have considered these plants to belong to the family Liliaceae. The APG IV system, of 2016 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does not recognize such a family either and assigns the plants involved to family Melanthiaceae, tribe Parideae. One problem with this recognition is the lack of morphological synapomorphies for the family Melanthiaceae; this charprovides a summary of the characters in each of the major groups. Nevertheless, some taxonomists still recognize a separate family Trilliaceae. The most important genus in North America is ''Trillium'', and the taxonomy of that genus has always been controversial. To paraphrase what Steven Elliott wrote of the genus ''Trill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudotrillium
''Pseudotrillium'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Melanthiaceae containing the single species ''Pseudotrillium rivale''. The genus was proposed in 2002 on the basis of morphology and molecular evidence that suggest the plant should no longer be included in genus ''Trillium''. ''Pseudotrillium rivale'', known by the common name brook wakerobin, is endemic to the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California, usually on soils of ultramafic origin.. The Latin specific epithet ''rivale'' means “growing by streams”, with reference to a preferred habitat. Description ''Pseudotrillium rivale'' is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial growing up to in height. The three bracts have generally lance-shaped blades up to long borne on petioles in length. The blades are glossy blue-green with silvery venations. Atop the whorl of bracts, on a pedicel high, is a single nodding non-fragrant flower with green sepals and pink-blushed white petals up to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family Liliaceae, in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of lilies, while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family Trilliaceae. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APG system), places the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. Circumscribed in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera. Familiar members of the family include the genera ''Paris'' and ''Trillium''. Genera and species , the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepted 17 genera in the family.Search for "Melanthiaceae", They have been divided into five tribes. It h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elaiosome
Elaiosomes ( grc, ἔλαιον ''élaion'' "oil" + ''sóma'' "body") are fleshy structures that are attached to the seeds of many plant species. The elaiosome is rich in lipids and proteins, and may be variously shaped. Many plants have elaiosomes that attract ants, which take the seed to their nest and feed the elaiosome to their larvae. After the larvae have consumed the elaiosome, the ants take the seed to their waste disposal area, which is rich in nutrients from the ant frass and dead bodies, where the seeds germinate. This type of seed dispersal is termed myrmecochory from the Greek "ant" (myrmex) and "circular dance" (khoreíā). This type of symbiotic relationship appears to be mutualistic, more specifically dispersive mutualism according to Ricklefs, R.E. (2001), as the plant benefits because its seeds are dispersed to favorable germination sites, and also because it is planted (carried underground) by the ants. Elaiosomes develop in various ways either from seed ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris (plant)
''Paris'' is a genus of flowering plants described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is widespread across Europe and Asia, with a center of diversity in China. It consists of less than two dozen herbaceous plants: the best known species is ''Paris quadrifolia''. Some ''Paris'' species are used in traditional Chinese medicine for their analgesic and anticoagulant properties, most notably as an ingredient of Yunnan Baiyao. Intense ethnopharmaceutical interest has significantly reduced their numbers. These plants are closely related to ''Trillium'', with the distinction traditionally being that ''Trillium'' contains species which have trimerous (three-petaled) flowers, and ''Paris'' contains species which have 4- to 11-merous flowers. A recent analysis places the genera ''Daiswa'' and ''Kinugasa'' in ''Paris'', though the actual circumscription of the genus is debated. Etymology From Latin herba Paris (Herba Paris), Paris herba, from Latin herba and Latin par (“equal”), in reference to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetramerous
Merosity (from the greek "méros," which means "having parts") refers to the number of component parts in a distinct whorl of a plant structure. The term is most commonly used in the context of a flower where it refers to the number of sepals in a whorl of the calyx, the number of petals in a whorl of the corolla, the number of stamens in a whorl of the androecium, or the number of carpels in a whorl of the gynoecium. The term may also be used to refer to the number of leaves in a leaf whorl. The adjective ''n''-merous refers to a whorl of ''n'' parts, where ''n'' is any integer greater than one. In nature, five or three parts per whorl have the highest frequency of occurrence, but four or two parts per whorl are not uncommon. Be aware that two consecutive whorls of dimerous petals are often mistaken for tetramerous petals. If all of the whorls in a given floral arrangement have the same merosity, the flower is said to be isomerous, otherwise the flower is anisomerous. For exampl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The earliest angiosperm fossils ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepal
A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined by Noël Martin Joseph de Necker in 1790, and derived . Collectively the sepals are called the calyx (plural calyces), the outermost whorl of parts that form a flower. The word ''calyx'' was adopted from the Latin ,Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928 not to be confused with 'cup, goblet'. ''Calyx'' is derived from Greek 'bud, calyx, husk, wrapping' ( Sanskrit 'bud'), while is derived from Greek 'cup, goblet', and the words have been used interchangeably in botanical Latin. After flowering, most plants have no more use for the calyx which withers or becomes vestigial. Some plants retain a thorny calyx, either dried or live, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. , four incremental versions of a classification system have resulted from this collaboration, published in 1998, 2003, 2009 and 2016. An important motivation for the group was what they considered deficiencies in prior angiosperm classifications since they were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e., groups that include all the descendants of a common ancestor). APG publications are increasingly influential, with a number of major herbaria changing the arrangement of their collections to match the latest APG system. Angiosperm classification and the APG In the past, classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group. The result was a large number of systems ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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