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Tricarboxylic Acids
A tricarboxylic acid is an organic carboxylic acid whose chemical structure contains three carboxyl functional groups (-COOH). The best-known example of a tricarboxylic acid is citric acid. Uses Citric acid cycle Citric acid, a type of tricarboxylic acid, is used in the citric acid cycle – also known as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs cycle – which is fundamental to all aerobic organisms. Examples See also * Citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) * Dicarboxylic acid * Mellitic acid Mellitic acid, also called graphitic acid or benzenehexacarboxylic acid, is an acid first discovered in 1799 by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in the mineral mellite (honeystone), which is the aluminium salt of the acid. It crystallizes in fine silky ne ... Literature *{{cite journal , title = The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, an Ancient Metabolic Network with a Novel Twist. , author = Ryan J. Mailloux, Robin Bériault, Joseph Lemire, Ranji Singh, Daniel R. Chénier, Robert D. Hamel, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.Clayden, J.; Greeves, N. and Warren, S. (2012) ''Organic Chemistry''. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–15. . Study of structure determines their structural formula. Study of properties includes physical and chemical properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. The study of organic reactions includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical ( in silico) study. The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry includes hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen) as well as compounds based on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (included in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cis-aconitic Acid
The citric acid cycle (CAC)—also known as the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The Krebs cycle is used by organisms that respire (as opposed to organisms that ferment) to generate energy, either by anaerobic respiration or aerobic respiration. In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids, as well as the reducing agent NADH, that are used in numerous other reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest components of metabolism and may have originated abiogenically. Even though it is branded as a 'cycle', it is not necessary for metabolites to follow only one specific route; at least three alternative segments of the citric acid cycle have been recognized. The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from the citric acid (a tricar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicarboxylic Acid
In organic chemistry, a dicarboxylic acid is an organic compound containing two carboxyl groups (). The general molecular formula for dicarboxylic acids can be written as , where R can be aliphatic or aromatic. In general, dicarboxylic acids show similar chemical behavior and reactivity to monocarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic acids are used in the preparation of copolymers such as polyamides and polyesters. The most widely used dicarboxylic acid in the industry is adipic acid, which is a precursor in the production of nylon. Other examples of dicarboxylic acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid, two amino acids in the human body. The name can be abbreviated to diacid. Linear saturated dicarboxylic acids The general formula is .Boy Cornils, Peter Lappe "Dicarboxylic Acids, Aliphatic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2014, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. The PubChem links gives access to more information on the compounds, including other names, ids, toxicity and safety ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle (CAC)—also known as the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The Krebs cycle is used by organisms that respire (as opposed to organisms that ferment) to generate energy, either by anaerobic respiration or aerobic respiration. In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids, as well as the reducing agent NADH, that are used in numerous other reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest components of metabolism and may have originated abiogenically. Even though it is branded as a 'cycle', it is not necessary for metabolites to follow only one specific route; at least three alternative segments of the citric acid cycle have been recognized. The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from the citric acid (a tricarboxy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimesic Acid
Trimesic acid, also known as benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CO2H)3. It is one of three isomers of benzenetricarboxylic acid. A colorless solid, trimesic acid has some commercial value as a precursor to some plasticizers. Trimesic acid can be combined with ''para''-hydroxypyridine to make a water-based gel, stable up to 95 °C. Trimesic acid crystallizes from water in a hydrogen-bonded hydrated network with wide unidimensional empty channels. See also * Trimellitic acid (1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid) * Hemimellitic acid Hemimellitic acid (benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H3(СО2Н)3. Like the other isomers of benzenetricarboxylic acid, hemimellitic acid is a colorless solid. It is prepared by oxidation of 1, ... (1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid) References Benzoic acids Tricarboxylic acids {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaric Acid Structural Formula V1
An agaric () is a type of fungus fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. In the UK, agarics are called "mushrooms" or "toadstools". In North America they are typically called "gilled mushrooms". "Agaric" can also refer to a basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body. Archaically, agaric meant 'tree-fungus' (after Latin ''agaricum''); however, that changed with the Linnaean interpretation in 1753 when Linnaeus used the generic name ''Agaricus'' for gilled mushrooms. Most species of agaricus belong to the order Agaricales in the subphylum Agaricomycotina. The exceptions, where agarics have evolved independently, feature largely in the orders Russulales, Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and several other groups of basidiomycetes. Old systems of classification placed all agarics in the Agaricales and some (mostly older) sources us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaric Acid
Agaric acid, also known as agaricin or 2-hydroxynonadecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, is an organic tricarboxylic acid (fatty acid) found in fungi, e.g. ''Laricifomes officinalis''. Its molecular formula is C22H40O7. Chemical properties Agaric acid, as any other fatty acid, has an amphipathic character. It means that it has both polar (hydroxyl groups) and nonpolar (hydrocarbon chain) sections, and therefore, it is not completely water-soluble. It is a tribasic acid, and therefore, it can donate up to 3 hydrogen ions to other bases in an acid-base reaction. Other examples of tribasic acids are phosphoric acid or citric acid. It is an odorless and tasteless acid, and we can also distinguish it by its white color. Its melting point at atmospheric pressure is 140 °C. Molecular structure Agaric acid is a type of fatty acid that is composed by a long hydrocarbon chain ("tail") and three carboxylic acid groups at one end ("head"). The hydrocarbon chain has sixteen carbon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Acid
Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, also known as tricarballylic acid, carballylic acid, and β-carboxyglutaric acid, is a tricarboxylic acid. The compound is an inhibitor of the enzyme aconitase and therefore interferes with the Krebs cycle. Esters of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid are found in natural products such as the mycotoxins fumonisins B1 and B2 and AAL toxin TA, and in macrocyclic inhibitors of Ras farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) such as actinoplanic acid. Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid can be synthesized in two steps from fumaric acid. Mechanism of the inhibition of aconitase Image:Citrate wpmp.png, Image:Cis-Aconitate wpmp.png, Image:isocitric acid.svg, {{center, Isocitric acid Aconitase normally catalyses, via the intermediate aconitic acid, the interconversion of citric acid into isocitric acid Isocitric acid is a structural isomer of citric acid. Since citric acid and isocitric acid are structural isomers, they share similar physical and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aconitic Acid
Aconitic acid is an organic acid. The two isomers are ''cis''-aconitic acid and ''trans''-aconitic acid. The conjugate base of ''cis''-aconitic acid, ''cis''-aconitate is an intermediate in the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle. It is acted upon by the enzyme aconitase. Aconitic acid can be synthesized by dehydration of citric acid using sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid ( Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with the molecular formu ...: :(HO2CCH2)2C(OH)CO2H → HO2CCH=C(CO2H)CH2CO2H + H2O A mixture of isomers are generated in this way. It was first prepared by thermal dehydration. References {{Citric acid cycle Tricarboxylic acids Enoic acids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
