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Trial Of The 149
''Trial of the 149'' () is the name given to the legal proceedings against 149 Estonian Communist Party, communists in Estonia that lasted from 10 to 27 November 1924. Many defendants were accused of high treason. One of them – Jaan Tomp – was sentenced to death and 39 other people to forced labour for life. The trial of the 149 was one of the largest trials in the pre-war Republic of Estonia. Background During the 1920s, Estonia was a politically stable country with a mainly agrarian economy, the industrial base was relatively small and the peasantry were largely satisfied with the government's land redistribution policies of 1919–1920, thus there was little sympathy for the communists. Following the failed Hamburg Uprising and Bulgarian September Uprising, the Estonian authorities decided to crack down on the small but very militant Estonian Communist Party. On 21 January 1924, the security police raided a club called "The Workers' Cellar" (''Tööliste kelder'') where 185 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Communist Party
The Communist Party of Estonia ( et, Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, abbreviated EKP) was a subdivision of the Soviet communist party which in 1920-1940 operated illegally in Estonia and, after the 1940 occupation and annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, was formally re-merged into the USSR's All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks). The predecessor of EKP was formed on 5 November 1920, when the Central Committee of the Estonian Sections of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was separated from its mother party. During the first half of the 1920s the Bolsheviks' hopes for an immediate world revolution were still high, and Estonian communists had their own hopes of restoring their power. Widespread economic and social crisis supported their hopes. Activists of the party had not only to support the agenda, but also to be ready to participate in the illegal actions, such as organising conspirative apartments, transporting weapons and communist propaganda material, hide unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Hansen
August Hansen (also Augustin Hansen; 23 April 1895 in Kaansoo – 12 March 1952) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of I Riigikogu. Early years August Hansen was born into a peasant family in Kaansoo, Vastemõisa Parish, Viljandi County on April 23, 1895. He graduated from the Vastemõisa ministry school in 1910 and then worked as a student salesman at the consumers' association store in Viljandi. In 1913, he moved to Tallinn, where he continued the political activities he started in Viljandi with the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRP). He was elected as a member of the SRP to the Tallinn Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies and later also a member of the TTSN Executive Committee. Revolutionary career After the February Revolution of 1917, he and the left-wing members separated from the main part of the SRP and joined the movement aimed at seizing exclusive power led by the Tallinn Committee of the Estonian Section of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1924 In Law
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20 * one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album ''63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle. * "Nineteen", a song by Bad4Good from the 1992 album '' Refugee'' * "Nineteen", a song by Karma to Burn from the 2001 album ''Almost Heathen''. * "Nineteen" (song), a 2007 song by American singer Billy Ray Cyrus. * "Nineteen", a song by Tegan and Sara from the 2007 album '' The Con''. * "XIX" (song), a 2014 song by Slipkn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1924 In Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1924 in Estonia. Incumbents Events * Tallinn Jewish School was established. * 1 December – Estonian coup d'état attempt. Births *17 October – Ülo Sooster, Estonian painter Deaths References {{Year in Europe, 1924 1920s in Estonia Estonia Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ... Years of the 20th century in Estonia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1924 Estonian Coup D'état Attempt
The 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt was a failed coup attempt in Estonia on 1 December 1924, conducted by the Comintern,Estonia and the Estonians, Hoover Institution Press, p.15 and staged by communists (bolsheviks) who in most part had been infiltrated from the Soviet Union. Of the 279 actively participating pro-communist rebels, 125 were killed in action, later more than 500 people were arrested. The Estonian government forces lost 26 men. Background The Communist Party of Estonia had affiliated with the Comintern in 1920, and it continued underground activities in Estonia with strong Soviet Russian backing. The incapacity and death of Vladimir Lenin (January 21, 1924) triggered a struggle for power between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. The Soviet Union's foreign policy drifted during this period in relation to Estonia. On 1 December 1924 the Comintern attempted the communist coup in Estonia. Planning 60 Razvedupr officers were dispatched to Tallinn in the spring o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to solidify his power over the party and the state; the Purge, purges were also designed to remove the remaining influence of Leon Trotsky as well as other prominent political rivals within the party. It occurred from August 1936 to March 1938. Following the Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924 a power vacuum opened in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Various established figures in Lenin's government attempted to succeed him. Joseph Stalin, the party's General Secretary, outmaneuvered political opponents and ultimately gained control of the Communist Party by 1928. Initially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Kumm
Boris Kumm ( – 21 November 1958) was an Estonian communist politician. Biography Kumm was born in Pärnu. From 1919 until 1920, he participated in the Estonian War of Independence. In 1923, he joined the Communist Party of Estonia (EKP), and was elected to the Riigikogu, the Estonian parliament. After the EKP was banned in 1924, Kumm was arrested and sentenced to 15 years' hard labour. He was released in 1938. In 1938–1940 he organized the local EKP in Pärnu. In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. Kumm served as People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of the Estonian SSR in 1940–1941 and People's Commissar for State Security of the Estonian SSR in 1941. When Nazi Germany occupied Estonia in 1941, Kumm fled to Moscow, where he continued working for the People's Commissariat for State Security. He returned to Estonia after the Red Army liberated it from German occupation in 1944. In 1945, Kumm was appointed major general of the Red Army. Kumm again ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elise Priks
Elise Priks (also Liisa Priks; 9 January 1890 Laeva Parish (now Tartu Parish), Kreis Dorpat – 14 November 1943 Moscow) was an Estonian politician. She was a member of II Riigikogu. She was a member of the Riigikogu since 26 June 1924. She replaced Gustav Lange. On 22 November 1924, she was removed from her position and she was replaced by Kristjan Raudsepp. Priks was one of the suspects in one of the largest political trials in the history of Estonia, the so-called trial of the 149 ''Trial of the 149'' () is the name given to the legal proceedings against 149 Estonian Communist Party, communists in Estonia that lasted from 10 to 27 November 1924. Many defendants were accused of high treason. One of them – Jaan Tomp – was ..., which lasted the whole year of 1924. As a result of the process, the Workers' Front was declared an armed organization against the state, and members of the party were punished for belonging to the party and plotting a coup. The court sentenced Priks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Abels
Georg Abels (2 October 1898 Pärnu – 30 October 1967 Tallinn) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the II Riigikogu. He was not originally elected as a member of II Riigikogu, but he become a member to subsistute Jaan Tomp. Acknowldgements *Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration b ... (1950) *1964 Meritorious Cultural Figure of the Estonian SSR (1964) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Abels, Georg 1898 births 1967 deaths Politicians from Pärnu People from Kreis Pernau Workers' United Front politicians Estonian communists Communist Party of Estonia politicians Members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia People's commissars and ministers of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic Members of the Riigikogu, 1923–1926 Memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Veimer
Arnold Veimer (20 June 1903 – 3 March 1977) was a Soviet Estonian politician and economist. Biography Veimer joined the Communist Party of Estonia (EKP) in 1922, and was given a lifetime sentence of forced labour in the trial of the 149 in 1924. In May 1938, he was released in a general amnesty. After the Soviet occupation of Estonia in the summer of 1940, Veimer was elected a deputy to and chairman of the so-called People's Parliament in Estonia, which later became the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR. In 1941 Veimer was elected to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia, now renamed the Communist Party of Estonia (bolsheviks) (EK(b)P). The same year, he graduated from the department of economics at the University of Tartu. In 1944–1951, Veimer was Chairman of the Council of Ministers (until 1946 Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars) of the Estonian SSR. After being removed from this position, he was appointed director of the Institute of Eco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Sepre communist front organization. He was released by the 1938 Amnesty Act.
Oskar Sepre (20 May 1900 Kabala Parish (now Türi Parish), Kreis Fellin – 23 November 1965 Tallinn) was an Estonian communist politician. He was a member of II Riigikogu. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 10 March 1924. He replaced Hans Heidemann. On 9 April 1924, he resigned his position and he was replaced by August Mühlberg. In 1924, Sepre was arrested by Estonian authorities and sentenced to 149 years of forced labor for his participation in the anti-state Workers' United Front The Workers' United Front ( et, Töörahva Ühine Väerind) was a political party in Estonia. History The party was a front for the Communist Party, which had used umbrella organisations to participate in politics since being banned in 1918. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Sepre, Oskar[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olga Lauristin
Olga Lauristin ( ''née'' Künnapuu; 28 April 1903 Kolga Parish (now Kuusalu Parish), Kreis Harrien – 25 June 2005) was a Soviet Estonian politician. From 1944 until 1947, she was Minister of Social Welfare. Her first husband was politician Johannes Lauristin and her daughter was politician and media researcher Marju Lauristin. She later married Hendrik Allik in 1945 and the couple had a son, theatre critic and director and politician Jaak Allik Jaak Allik (born 6 October 1946) is an Estonian theatre critic, theatre director and politician. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, and was previously the Estonian Minister of Culture 1995–1999 ( et, Eesti kultuuriminister). He wa ... in 1946. The couple remained married until Allik's death in 1989. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Lauristin, Olga 1903 births 2005 deaths People from Kuusalu Parish People from Kreis Harrien Communist Party of Estonia politicians Members of the Central Committee of the Communist Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
