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Toyota NR Engine
The Toyota NR engine family is a series of small inline four piston engines designed and manufactured by Toyota, with capacities between . Common features of this series The NR series uses aluminum engine blocks and cylinder head. The valve mechanism is equipped with 4-Valves per cylinder, DOHC, and implemented Toyota's Dual VVT-i and VVT-iW. It also uses multi-point or direct fuel injection. The 1NR, 2NR, 3NR, 4NR, 5NR, 6NR, and 7NR engines have Dual VVT-i standard and the 8NR engine has VVT-iW, enabling it to operate in the Otto cycle as well as a modified- Atkinson cycle to improve thermal efficiency. 1NR-FE The 1NR-FE is a compact inline four piston engine featuring Stop & Start technology and Dual VVT-i. It was introduced into the European market in late 2008 with the Yaris XP9F. Improved engine performance combined with low emissions and fuel consumption was the principal aim during its development. Advanced engineering has been applied throughout the 1NR-FE engine. To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota
is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per year. The company was originally founded as a spinoff of Toyota Industries, a machine maker started by Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the Type A engine in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan's alliance with the United States to learn from American automakers and other companies, which would give rise to The Toyota Way (a management philosophy) and the Toyota Production System (a lean manufacturing practice) that would transform the small company into a leader i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Cycle
An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It is the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in automobile engines. The Otto cycle is a description of what happens to a gas as it is subjected to changes of pressure, temperature, volume, addition of heat, and removal of heat. The gas that is subjected to those changes is called the system. The system, in this case, is defined to be the fluid (gas) within the cylinder. By describing the changes that take place within the system, it will also describe in inverse, the system's effect on the environment. In the case of the Otto cycle, the effect will be to produce enough net work from the system so as to propel an automobile and its occupants in the environment. The Otto cycle is constructed from: :Top and bottom of the loop: a pair of quasi-parallel and isentropic processes (frictionless, adiabatic reversible). :Left and right sides of the loop: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Ractis
The is a mini MPV produced by Japanese automaker Toyota. It is a five-seater mini MPV based on the Vitz, and was introduced in October 2005 as the successor of the Yaris Verso/FunCargo. The name "Ractis" is derived from "Run", "Activity" and "Space". __TOC__ First generation (XP100; 2005) The first generation Ractis was initially only sold in Japan, and was available at ''Toyopet Store'' dealerships. A minor change was released on December 20, 2007 with new headlights and tail lights. Sales in Hong Kong started from October 2009. File:Toyota Ractis 03.jpg, 2005–2007 Toyota Ractis (Japan) File:Toyota Ractis X Package 1300 SCP100.JPG, 2007–2010 Toyota Ractis 1.3 X Package (Japan) File:Toyota Ractis X Package 1300 SCP100 Rear.JPG, 2007–2010 Toyota Ractis 1.3 X Package (Japan) Second generation (XP120; 2010) The second generation Ractis was unveiled at the 2010 Paris Motor Show as the . The Ractis is produced at the Iwate plant by Kanto Auto Works. It is av ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Probox
The Toyota Probox is a 5-door, 2 or 4-seater passenger car (Probox Wagon) and light commercial van (Probox Van) produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota since July 2002. It replaced the Corolla/ Sprinter van and served as a slightly shorter version of the now-discontinued Toyota Succeed. The Probox has been a commercial success that has ensured stable sales for 20 years despite using the same model since 2002. First generation (XP50/XP160; 2002) The Toyota Probox was created as a new type of commercial van in July 2002. Until 2008, the Probox and its "brother model" Succeed sold a total of 70,000 to 90,000 units a year. Since 2008, the model has maintained the sales of about 50,000 units per year. 2014 facelift The Probox received a redesign, which was published on August 6, 2014, and the sales began on September 1 of the same year. The redesign was announced alongside the redesign of the Succeed. The new version is powered by a 1NR-FE engine. Starting in 2018, a rebadge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Passo
is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per year. The company was originally founded as a spinoff of Toyota Industries, a machine maker started by Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the Type A engine in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan's alliance with the United States to learn from American automakers and other companies, which would give rise to The Toyota Way (a management philosophy) and the Toyota Production System (a lean manufacturing practice) that would transform the small company into a leader in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Etios
The Toyota Etios is a subcompact car consisting a line of four-door saloon/sedan and five-door hatchback produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota since 2010. The saloon version was launched in December 2010 and the hatchback version (with additional "Liva" and "Valco" suffixes in India and Indonesia respectively) followed in June 2011. The vehicle is built on the EFC platform. The Etios has been produced in India (between 2010 and 2020), Brazil (since 2012, export only since 2021) and Indonesia (between 2013 and 2017). It has also been exported to other countries such as South Africa and several Latin American markets. The name ''Etios'' is derived from Greek word ''ethos'', meaning 'spirit', 'character' and 'ideals'. The ''Liva'' suffix is derived from the development concept phrase "live your life", while ''Valco'' is coined from terms ''value'' and ''comfort''. __TOC__ Overview The Etios Concept saloon with 1.5-litre petrol engine and Etios Concept hatchback with 1.2- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Corolla
The is a series of compact cars (formerly subcompact) manufactured and marketed globally by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in the world since then. In 1997, the Corolla became the best-selling nameplate in the world, surpassing the Volkswagen Beetle. Toyota reached the milestone of 50 million Corollas sold over twelve generations in 2021. The name ''Corolla'' is part of Toyota's naming tradition of using names derived from the Toyota Crown for sedans, with ''"corolla"'' Latin for "small crown". The Corolla has always been exclusive in Japan to ''Toyota Corolla Store'' locations, and manufactured in Japan with a twin, called the Toyota Sprinter until 2000. From 2006 to 2018 in Japan and much of the world, and from 2018 to 2020 in Taiwan, the hatchback companion had been called the Toyota Auris. Early models were mostly rear-wheel drive, while later models ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Auris
The is a compact car derived from the Corolla, manufactured and sold by Toyota. Introduced in 2006, the first generation three/five-door hatchback shared the platform with the E150 series Corolla, while the second generation five-door hatchback and station wagon called "Touring Sports" uses the E180 platform. The "Auris" name is based on the Latin word for "gold", ''" aurum"''. In Europe, Toyota positioned the Auris as the replacement for the Corolla hatchback, while the saloon version continued with the Corolla nameplate. Starting with the E210 model, the Auris nameplate was discontinued and used the Corolla nameplate instead, except for Taiwan, retained the Auris nameplate for the hatchback version until July 2020. For the first generation only, the more luxurious Auris was named in Japan. The Auris succeeded the Allex in Japan and the Corolla RunX. Toyota Australia and Toyota New Zealand resisted suggestions from Toyota Japan to adopt the new European Auris name for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subaru Trezia
The is a mini MPV produced by Japanese automaker Toyota. It is a five-seater mini MPV based on the Vitz, and was introduced in October 2005 as the successor of the Yaris Verso/FunCargo. The name "Ractis" is derived from "Run", "Activity" and "Space". __TOC__ First generation (XP100; 2005) The first generation Ractis was initially only sold in Japan, and was available at ''Toyopet Store'' dealerships. A minor change was released on December 20, 2007 with new headlights and tail lights. Sales in Hong Kong started from October 2009. File:Toyota Ractis 03.jpg, 2005–2007 Toyota Ractis (Japan) File:Toyota Ractis X Package 1300 SCP100.JPG, 2007–2010 Toyota Ractis 1.3 X Package (Japan) File:Toyota Ractis X Package 1300 SCP100 Rear.JPG, 2007–2010 Toyota Ractis 1.3 X Package (Japan) Second generation (XP120; 2010) The second generation Ractis was unveiled at the 2010 Paris Motor Show as the . The Ractis is produced at the Iwate plant by Kanto Auto Works. It is av ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Emission Standards
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards. , the standards do not include non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Details of Euro 7 have been postponed to 12 October 2022. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, barges, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. For each vehicle type, different standards apply. Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised test cycle. Non-comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-point Fuel Injection
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All compression-ignition engines (e.g. diesel engines), and many spark-ignition engines (i.e. petrol engines, such as Otto or Wankel), use fuel injection of one kind or another. Mass-produced diesel engines for passenger cars (such as the Mercedes-Benz OM 138) became available in the late 1930s and early 1940s, being the first fuel-injected engines for passenger car use. In passenger car petrol engines, fuel injection was introduced in the early 1950s and gradually gained prevalence until it had largely replaced carburettors by the early 1990s. The primary difference between carburetion and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburettor relies on suction created by intake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
