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Topos (other)
Topos may refer to: * Topos (plural topoi) – a type of category in mathematics ** Classifying topos – a topos that categorifies the models of a structure in another topos ** Effective topos – a topos that captures the idea of effectivity in mathematics ** Étale topos – the category of étale sheaves * Rhetoric topos – topoi in rhetorical invention * Literary topos – topoi in literary theory * Los Topos – California theatre troupe * Oo-Topos – interactive science-fiction game * Topical logic – reasoning from commonplace topoi * Topo (climbing) (plural topos) – description of a climbing route * Topos de Reynosa FC – a Mexican football club * Topos de Tlatelolco – a non-for-profit rescue organization based in Mexico * Topos hyperuranionos – Platonic realm of archetypes * Topos V – a sculpture by Eduardo Chillida, displayed in Barcelona See also * Toos (other) * Topo (other) Topo or TOPO may refer to: * Topo (Calheta), a civil pari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topos
In mathematics, a topos (, ; plural topoi or , or toposes) is a category that behaves like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space (or more generally: on a site). Topoi behave much like the category of sets and possess a notion of localization; they are a direct generalization of point-set topology. The Grothendieck topoi find applications in algebraic geometry; the more general elementary topoi are used in logic. The mathematical field that studies topoi is called topos theory. Grothendieck topos (topos in geometry) Since the introduction of sheaves into mathematics in the 1940s, a major theme has been to study a space by studying sheaves on a space. This idea was expounded by Alexander Grothendieck by introducing the notion of a "topos". The main utility of this notion is in the abundance of situations in mathematics where topological heuristics are very effective, but an honest topological space is lacking; it is sometimes possible to find a topos formaliz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classifying Topos
In mathematics, a classifying topos for some sort of structure is a topos ''T'' such that there is a natural equivalence between geometric morphisms from a cocomplete topos ''E'' to ''T'' and the category of models for the structure in ''E''. Examples *The classifying topos for objects of a topos is the topos of presheaves over the opposite of the category of finite sets. *The classifying topos for rings of a topos is the topos of presheaves over the opposite of the category of finitely presented rings. *The classifying topos for local rings of a topos is the topos of sheaves over the opposite of the category of finitely presented rings with the Zariski topology. *The classifying topos for linear orders with distinct largest and smallest elements of a topos is the topos of simplicial sets. *If ''G'' is a discrete group, the classifying topos for ''G''-torsors over a topos is the topos ''BG'' of ''G''-sets. *The classifying space of topological groups in homotopy theory In math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Effective Topos
In mathematics, the effective topos is a topos In mathematics, a topos (, ; plural topoi or , or toposes) is a category that behaves like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space (or more generally: on a site). Topoi behave much like the category of sets and possess a notio ... introduced by , based on Kleene's notion of recursive realizability, that captures the idea of effectivity in mathematics. References * * * * Topos theory {{cattheory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étale Topos
In mathematics, the étale topos of a scheme ''X'' is the category of all étale sheaves on ''X''. An étale sheaf is a sheaf on the étale site of ''X''. Definition Let ''X'' be a scheme. An ''étale covering'' of ''X'' is a family \_, where each \varphi_i is an étale morphism of schemes, such that the family is jointly surjective that is X = \bigcup_ \varphi_i(U_i). The category Ét(''X'') is the category of all étale schemes over ''X''. The collection of all étale coverings of a étale scheme ''U'' over ''X'' i.e. an object in Ét(''X'') defines a Grothendieck pretopology on Ét(''X'') which in turn induces a Grothendieck topology In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a Grothendieck topology is a structure on a category ''C'' that makes the objects of ''C'' act like the open sets of a topological space. A category together with a choice of Grothendieck topology is ca ..., the ''étale topology'' on ''X''. The category together with the étale topology on it is call ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhetoric Topos
''Inventio'', one of the five canons of rhetoric, is the method used for the ''discovery of arguments'' in Western rhetoric and comes from the Latin word, meaning "invention" or "discovery". ''Inventio'' is the central, indispensable canon of rhetoric, and traditionally means a systematic search for arguments. A speaker uses ''Inventio'' when they begin the thought process to form and develop an effective argument. Often, the invention phase can be seen as the first step in an attempt to generate ideas or create an argument that is convincing and compelling. The other four canons of classical rhetoric (namely dispositio, elocutio, memoria, and pronuntiatio) rely on their interrelationship with invention. Purpose According to Crowley and Hawhee, invention is the division of rhetoric that investigates the possible means by which proofs can be discovered. It supplies the speaker and writers with sets of instructions or ideas that help them to find and compose arguments that ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literary Topos
In classical Greek rhetoric, topos, ''pl.'' topoi, (from grc, τόπος "place", elliptical for grc, τόπος κοινός ''tópos koinós'', 'common place'), in Latin ''locus'' (from ''locus communis''), refers to a method for developing arguments. (See ''topoi'' in classical rhetoric.) Meaning and history Topos is translated variously as "topic", "themes", "line of argument", or "commonplace". Ernst Robert Curtius studied topoi as "commonplaces", themes common to orators and writers who re-worked them according to occasion, e.g., in classical antiquity the observation that "all must die" was a topos in consolatory oratory, for in facing death the knowledge that death comes even to great men brings comfort. Curtius also discussed the topoi in the invocation of nature (sky, seas, animals, etc.) for various rhetorical purposes, such as witnessing to an oath, rejoicing or praising God, or mourning with the speaker.Curtius, ''European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages'', 92 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Topos
Los Topos was a subversive, community theater group in California during the 1970s. They named themselves after the Spanish word for "mole" (topo), referring to their undergroup activities. History One member of this group even adopted Topo as his stage name. He later specialised in 'robotics' miming mechanical robots. Together with Jimini Hignett he formed his own fringe company 'Christians from Outer Space' performing satirical theatre together, and on July 29, 1981 (the same day as Prince Charles and Lady Diana) they were married - he dressed as Diana, Jimini as Charles. At the wedding - dubbed ‘The Royal Drag’ by the ''Soho News'' - all guests are also cross-dressed (the Queen Mum sporting an enormous hairy back and a hat made from pizza boxes). The preacher at first refuses to conduct the ceremony, thinking they were both men. The event is shown on the Channel 7 TV-news. References Theatre companies in California {{theater-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oo-Topos
''Oo-Topos'' is an interactive fiction game published by Sentient Software in 1981 for the Apple II The Apple II (stylized as ) is an 8-bit home computer and one of the world's first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It was designed primarily by Steve Wozniak; Jerry Manock developed the design of Apple II's foam-m .... In 1986 it was re-released by Polarware for additional systems and with graphical depictions of scenes described by the game's text. The graphics were designed using Penguin Software's ''Graphics Magician''. Plot The pilot of a space vessel is carrying important cargo vital to the survival of humanity. The pilot is attacked by space pirates and forced to land on the planet Oo-Topos. After landing the pilot is captured and imprisoned in a fortress on the alien world. The pilot must escape confinement, retrieve the precious cargo taken from the crashed ship and get off Oo-Topos with it in order to save the human race from extinction. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topical Logic
Topical logic is the logic of topical argument, a branch of rhetoric developed in the Late Antique period from earlier works, such as Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...'s ''Topics (Aristotle), Topics'' and Cicero's ''Topica''. It consists of heuristics for developing arguments, which are in the first place plausible rather than rigorous, from commonplaces (''topoi'' or ''loci''). In other words, therefore, it consists of standardized ways of thinking up debating techniques from existing, thought-through positions. The actual practice of topical argument was much developed by Roman lawyers. Cicero took the theory of Aristotle to be an aspect of rhetoric. As such it belongs to ''inventio'' in the classic fivefold division of rhetoric. The standard classical wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topo (climbing)
In climbing, topo is the graphical representation (sketch drawing or a photograph with routes depicted) of a climbing route. Topo is also a climbing guidebook of a crag or climbing area in which most routes are described graphically by such topos. Each individual topo gives the approximate shape of the route, the important rock formations close to the route and details of the grade, lines of the various rock climbs, and protection of each section of the climb. Topo guides usually also include the length of the climbs, where exactly each climb starts, and how to get to the area of the climb. It will usually specify if a climb is a sport climb (with fixed protection) or a trad climb (traditional, e.g. needing gear A gear is a rotating circular machine part having cut teeth or, in the case of a cogwheel or gearwheel, inserted teeth (called ''cogs''), which mesh with another (compatible) toothed part to transmit (convert) torque and speed. The basic ... to install protec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topos De Reynosa FC
Topos de Reynosa F.C. was a Mexican football club that played in the Liga Premier de Ascenso of the Segunda División Profesional. The club was based in Reynosa, Tamaulipas. The club was recently founded and had a new stadium of the arts to its own. But they dissolved on June 19, 2015 after they were not chosen to play in the Liga Nuevo Talentos, thus leaving Reynosa F.C. Reynosa () is a border city in the northern part of the state of Tamaulipas, in Mexico. It is also the municipal seat of Reynosa Municipality. The city is located on the southern bank of the Rio Grande in the international Reynosa–McAllen Metr ... in the Liga Premier as the only team in Reynosa. Defunct football clubs in Tamaulipas Reynosa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topos De Tlatelolco
The Brigada Internacional de Rescate Tlatelolco A.C, commonly known as the Topos de Tlatelolco or Los Topos, is a professional non-profit Mexican rescue team. Composition Their specialty is searching for victims under the debris of collapsed buildings and giving first aid. One of the group's original founders, Hector "El Chino" Méndez states that one of the things that distinguish his group from others is that they have the "balls to go in where no one else will" (''huevos de entrar adonde los demás no quieren''). the organization had an average of about forty members plus search and rescue dogs which they train themselves. The group, along with the Civil Protection Agency of Mexico, issues certificates and sponsors technical degrees in areas related to the field. An enlisted volunteer is trained in areas such as rescue strategies, managing collapsed structures and risk management. The main group is in Mexico City but there are branches in other parts of the country such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
