Tons Valley
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Tons Valley
The Tons (टौंस नदी) is the largest tributary of the Yamuna. It flows through Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, touching Himachal Pradesh. The Tons thrust is named after this river. Its source lies in the high Bandarpunch mountain, and is one of the most major perennial Indian Himalayan rivers. In fact, it carries more water than the Yamuna itself, which it meets below Kalsi near Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Tons Valley Tons Valley lies in Jaunsar Bawar region, as it emerges from the Himalayas has haridwar on its eastern bank. The cantonment town of Chakrata is situated between, the Tons and Yamuna rivers. Tributaries The Pabbar River is a tributary of the Tons River connecting to it from the west. It is also the westernmost river that drains east to the Ganges. The Sutlej River is the next watershed over and is the easternmost river that drains west into the Indus. The Asan River is another tributary of the Tons that is often named (incorrectly) after this gr ...
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Bandarpunch
Bandarpunch (lit. Hindi: ''Monkey's tail'') is a mountain massif in the Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand, India. The massif has 3 peaks: White Peak (6102 m), also called Banderpunch II, to the west above Yamunotri; almost 5 km east is Bandarpunch main peak or Banderpunch I (6316 m); and about 4 km to the north-east is Kalanag (6387 m). Mythology The name is inspired by the mythological tale in which Hanuman, the monkey god, extinguishes his tail, after it catches fire during the battle between King Rama and Ravana in Lanka, by going to the summit of the mountain. Climbing history In 1937, a team of Doon School masters who were keen alpinists, J.T.M Gibson and John Martyn along with sherpa Tenzing Norgay reached the summit ridge for the first time. In 1946, another Doon expedition made a summit attempt, this time including, in addition to the original members, schoolmaster R. L. Holdsworth and a pupil, Nandu Jayal, Major Chengappa Nanda and Jonh Munro (Norgay would l ...
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Mussorie
Mussoorie is a hill station and a municipal board, near Dehradun, Dehradun city in the Dehradun district of the States and territories of India, Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is about from the state capital of Dehradun and north of the national capital of New Delhi. The hill station is in the foothills of the Garhwal Division, Garhwal Himalayan range. The adjoining town of Landour, which includes a military cantonment, is considered part of "greater Mussoorie", as are the townships of Barlowganj and Jharipani. Mussoorie is at an average altitude of . To the northeast are the Himalayan snow ranges, and to the south, the Dehradun, Doon Valley and Siwalik Hills, Shiwalik ranges. The second highest point is the original Lal Tibba in Landour, with a height of over . Mussoorie is popularly known as ''The Queen of the Hills''. History Mussoorie has long been known as Queen of the Hills. The name Mussoorie is often attributed to a derivation of ', a shrub which is indigenous t ...
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Chautang
The Chautang is a seasonal river, originating in the Sivalik Hills, in the Indian state of Haryana. The Chautang River is a tributary of the Sarsuti river which in turn is a tributary of the Ghaggar river. Origin and route The Chautang river is a seasonal river in the state of Haryana, India. It is theorized by some to be a remnant of the ancient river Drishadvati. It joins the Ghaggar-Hakra River east of Suratgarh in Rajasthan. According to McIntosh, this river was one of the main contributors to this river system until the Yamuna changed its course. However, according to Giosan, the Chautang is a rain-fed river, and the Yamuna changed its course towards east some 50,000 to 10,000 years ago, and didn't pour any water into it for the last 10,000 years. Hansi Branch of Western Yamuna Canal is palaeochannel of this river. Firuz Tughluq( A.D. 1351-1388) didn't do what his predecessors had done. He reduced land revenue, exempted the peasants of several taxes and providing them many ...
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Tangri River
The Tangri River, also called the Dangri River, which originates in the Siwalik Hills, Shivalik Hills, is a tributary of the Ghaggar-Hakra River, Ghaggar River in the Haryana state of India. Origin and route The Tangri river originates in the Shivalik hills on the border of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh State, and flows along the Haryana and Punjab, India, Punjab border before meeting with the Ghaggar-Hakra River, Ghaggar river at the confluence. The basin is classified in two parts, Khadir and Bangar, the higher area that is not flooded in rainy season is called ''Bangar'' and the lower flood-prone area is called ''Khadar''. The Dangri or Tangri is a stream that rises in the Morni, Morni Hills of the Siwalik Hills of south-eastern Himachal Pradesh in India, and flows for 70 km in Haryana.Haryana rivers profile
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Sarsuti
The Sarsuti river, originating in Sivalik Hills and flowing through the palaeochannel of Yamuna, is a tributary of Ghaggar river in of Haryana state of India.B.K. Bhadra and J.R. SharmaSatellite images as scientific tool for Sarasvati Paleochannel and its archaeological affinity in NW India page 106-110. Its course is dotted with archaeological and religious sites dating back to post- Harrapan Mahabharata sites from Vedic period, such as Kapal Mochan, Kurukshetra, Thanesar, Brahma Sarovar, Jyotisar, Bhor Saidan and Pehowa. Origin and route The Sarsuti is a small ephemeral stream that rises in the Sivalik Hills of south-eastern Himachal Pradesh in India, and flows through Haryana.sirsa.html" ;"title="t sirsa">t sirsa citynamed Sarsuti. According to Valdiya and Danino, Sarsuti is a corruption of the word Sarasvati, and the 6–8 km wide channel of the Sarsuti–Ghaggar system may have once been the Sarasvati River mentioned in the Rig Veda. (Chapter 1, page 12) See also ...
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Markanda River, Haryana
The Markanda ( hi, मारकंडा नदी) is a river in the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. It is a tributary of the Ghaggar river, flowing through Sirmaur District, Ambala district and Shahabad Markanda, a town in Kurukshetra district. The Markanda river's ancient name was Aruna. Origin and route The ''Markanda river'' is an eponymous seasonal river in Haryana state, which is a main tributary of the Ghaggar River. The ''Markanda river'' originates in the Shivalik hills on the border of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh State, and flows along the haryana and Punjab, India border before meeting with Ghaggar river at the confluence.HaryanaOnline - Geography of Haryana
The basin is classified in two parts,

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Ghaggar-Hakra River
The Ghaggar-Hakra River is an intermittent river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the monsoon season. The river is known as Ghaggar in India, before the Ottu barrage, and as the Hakra in Pakistan, downstream of the barrage, ending in the Thar Desert. In pre-Harappan times the Ghaggar was a tributary of the Sutlej. It is still connected to this paleochannel of the Sutlej, and possibly the Yamuna, which ended in the Nara River, presently a delta channel of the Indus River joining the sea via Sir Creek. The Sutlej changed its course about 8,000-10,000 years ago, leaving the Ghaggar-Hakra as a system of monsoon-fed rivers terminating in the Thar Desert. The Indus Valley civilisation prospered when the monsoons that fed the rivers diminished around 5,000 years ago, and a large number of sites from the Mature Indus Valley Civilisation (2600-1900 BCE) are found along the middle course of the (dried-up) Hakra in Pakistan. Around 4,000 years ago, the Indus Valley Civilis ...
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Letitia Elizabeth Landon
Letitia Elizabeth Landon (14 August 1802 – 15 October 1838) was an English poet and novelist, better known by her initials L.E.L. The writings of Landon are transitional between Romanticism and the Victorian Age. Her first major breakthrough came with ''The Improvisatrice'' and thence she developed the metrical romance towards the Victorian ideal of the Victorian monologue, casting her influence on Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning and Christina Rossetti. Her influence can also be found in Alfred Tennyson and in America, where she was very popular. Poe regarded her genius as self-evident. In spite of these wide influences, due to the perceived immorality of Landon's lifestyle, her works were more or less deliberately suppressed and misrepresented after her death. Early life Letitia Elizabeth Landon was born on 14 August 1802 in Chelsea, London to John Landon and Catherine Jane, ''née'' Bishop.Byron (2004). A precocious child, Landon learned to read as a toddler ...
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Asan Barrage
The Asan Barrage is a barrage in the Uttarakhand-Himachal Pradesh border region in Doon Valley, ( Dehradun district), northern India, situated at the confluence of the Eastern Yamuna Canal and the Asan River and about from Dakpathar, and 28 km. northwest of Dehradun in Uttarakhand. The barrage is 287.5m long and has water throughout the year which is fed from the river Asan and the discharge channel of the river Yamuna. Since 2020 it has been declared as Uttarakhand's first Ramsar site. Directly behind the barrage on its eastern flank, water reenters the Eastern Yamuna Canal on the west side of the Yamuna River. At a distance of from the barrage on the canal, water reaches the 30 MW Kulhal Power Plant at . The power plant contains three 10 MW Kaplan turbine-generators and has a design hydraulic head of . Once discharged from the power station, the water is conducted by the canal to the 72 MW Khara Power Station at in Uttar Pradesh. The Khara Power Station contains three ...
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Shiwaliks
The Sivalik Hills, also known as the Shivalik Hills and Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about from the Indus River eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is wide with an average elevation of . Between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam is a gap of about . "Sivalik" literally means 'tresses of Shiva'. Sivalik region is home to the Soanian archaeological culture. Geology Geologically, the Sivalik Hills belong to the Tertiary deposits of the outer Himalayas. They are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations, which are the solidified detritus of the Himalayas to their north; they are poorly consolidated. The remnant magnetisation of siltstones and sandstones indicates that they were deposited 16–5.2 million years ago. In Nepal, the Karnali River exposes the oldest part of the Shivalik Hills. They are bounded on the south by a fault system ca ...
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Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 peaks exceeding in elevation lie in the Himalayas. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia (Aconcagua, in the Andes) is tall. The Himalayas abut or cross five countries: Bhutan, India, Nepal, China, and Pakistan. The sovereignty of the range in the Kashmir region is disputed among India, Pakistan, and China. The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Some of the world's major rivers, the Indus, the Ganges, and the Tsangpo–Brahmaputra, rise in the vicinity of the Himalayas, and their combined drainage basin is home to some 600 million people; 53 million people live in the Himalayas. The Himalayas have ...
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Tapkeshwar Mahadev
Tapkeshwar Temple of Dehradun, is also known as Tapkeshwar Mahadev Temple, is one of the most famous temples dedicated to Shiva. It is situated by the forest side. The main shivalinga at the temple is inside a natural cave. There are water drops from the ceiling of the cave, dropping down over the shivalinga statue. History The Tapkeshwar Mahadeva Temple owes its importance due to the natural Shiva Linga in the cave. Long back the river flowed through the caves and continuous water droplets fell on the Shiv Linga. This became a place of reverence for the local people. It is also believed that this was used as a residence by Guru Dronacharya, the esteemed teacher of the Pandavas and Kauravas of the Hindu epic Mahabharata written by Veda Vyays. The cave is thus named Drona Cave after his name. When Dronacharya's wife Kalyani gave birth to Aswosthama, she didn't properly feed him with her milk. As Dronacharya was unable to afford cow or cow milk, Aswosthama, the clever child ...
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