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Timeline Of Women's Rights (other Than Voting)
The timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) represents formal changes and reforms regarding women's rights. The changes include actual law reforms, as well as other formal changes (e.g., reforms through new interpretations of laws by precedents). The right to vote is exempted from the timeline: for that right, see ''Timeline of women's suffrage''. The timeline excludes ideological changes and events within feminism and antifeminism; for that, see '' Timeline of feminism''. Before the 21st century * Before the 19th century * 19th century * 20th century 21st century In the 2000s 2001 * Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe outlawed marital rape. * Liechtenstein: Liechtenstein made marital rape illegal in 2001. * United States: The Mexico City policy, which directed the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to withhold USAID funds from NGOs that use non-USAID funds to engage in a wide range of activities—including providing advice, counseling or information re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Rights
Women's rights are the rights and Entitlement (fair division), entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others, they are ignored and suppressed. They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.Hosken, Fran P., 'Towards a Definition of Women's Rights' in ''Human Rights Quarterly'', Vol. 3, No. 2. (May 1981), pp. 1–10. Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to bodily integrity and autonomy, to be free from sexual violence, to Women's suffrage, vote, to hold public office, to enter into legal contracts, to have equal rights in family law, Right to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets requirements for issuing warrants: warrants must be issued by a judge or magistrate, justified by probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and must particularly describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized (important or not). Fourth Amendment case law deals with three main issues: what government activities are "searches" and "seizures", what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how to address violations of Fourth Amendment rights. Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to physical intrusion of property or persons, but with '' Katz v. United States'' (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections extend to intrusions on the privacy of individuals as well as to physical locations. A warrant is needed for most search and seizure activitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida Department Of Highway Safety And Motor Vehicles
The Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV) is a statutorily established cabinet agency of Florida government. In 1969, under Governor Claude Kirk, the Department of Motor Vehicles and the Department of Public Safety were merged forming the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. The agency head of FLHSMV is the governor and Cabinet, with authority delegated to the executive director. The executive director has functional responsibility for directing, monitoring, supervising, coordinating, and administering all activities of the department. The executive director ensures that FLHSMV's mission and objectives are being followed, pursuant to the Florida Statutes and Florida Administrative Code. The department provides oversight and services in partnership with the various 67 Florida county tax collectors for the issuance of driver licenses, the Florida drivers license handbook registrations and titling of automobiles, trailers, boats, and mobile homes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultaana Freeman
Sultaana Lakiana Myke Freeman (born 1967) is a Muslim American, resident in the state of Florida. She garnered media attention and notoriety when she sued the state of Florida over the right to wear a face veil for her driver's license picture. Background Born as Sandra Michele Keller in Washington, D.C. in 1967, she attended school in Decatur, Illinois. In 1985, she enrolled at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, graduating in 1989 with a degree in Commercial Music and a Business Administration minor. Later in 1989, she began employment at a utility company which lasted for a ten-year period, in which she was an engineering assistant. She converted to Islam in January 1997, initially only wearing the headscarf, but, by the end of the year, donning the full face veil (niqab). She married Mark Freeman, also known as Abdul Malik Freeman, on October 14, 1997, in Champaign County, Illinois. In December 1997, she obtained an Illinois driver's license with the veil, to reflect her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Discrimination (Election Candidates) Act 2002
The Sex Discrimination (Election Candidates) Act 2002 (c.2) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The purpose of the Act was to exempt the selection of candidates in parliamentary elections from the provisions in the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Sex Discrimination (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 that outlaw sexual discrimination. The purpose of the Act allow political parties to select candidates based on gender to increase the representation of women in British politics. The Act applies to elections to: * the House of Commons; * the Scottish Parliament; * Senedd Cymru – the Welsh Parliament; * the Northern Ireland Assembly; * Local Government Elections (including the London Assembly); and * Until 2019, the European Parliament. The Act does not apply to selection of candidates for the Mayor of London elections. Only political parties registered under Part 2 of the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 are covered by the Act. The Act was or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abortion In India
Abortion has been legal in India under various circumstances with the introduction of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Regulations, 2003 were issued under the Act to enable women to access safe and legal abortion services. In 2021, MTP Amendment Act 2021 was passed with certain amendments to the MTP Act 1971, such as women being allowed to seek safe abortion services on grounds of contraceptive failure, an increase in gestation limit to 24 weeks for special categories of women, and opinion of one abortion service provider required up to 20 weeks of gestation. Abortion can now be performed until 24 weeks of pregnancy as the MTP Amendment Act 2021 has come into force by notification in Gazette from 24 September 2021. The cost of the abortion service is covered fully by the government's public national health insurance funds, Ayushman Bharat and Employees' State Insurance with the package rate for surgical abortion bein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatwa
A fatwa (; ; ; ) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist ('' faqih'') in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government. A jurist issuing fatwas is called a ''mufti'', and the act of issuing fatwas is called ''ifta. Fatwas have played an important role throughout Islamic history, taking on new forms in the modern era. Resembling ''jus respondendi'' in Roman law and rabbinic ''responsa'', privately issued fatwas historically served to inform Muslim populations about Islam, advise courts on difficult points of Islamic law, and elaborate substantive law. In later times, public and political fatwas were issued to take a stand on doctrinal controversies, legitimize government policies or articulate grievances of the population. During the era of mass European/Christian invasions, fatwas played a part in mobilizing resistance against foreign aggressors. Muftis acted as independent scholars in the classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam In Malaysia
Islam in Malaysia is represented by the Shafi‘i school of Sunni Islam, Sunni jurisprudence.malaysianbar.org:PRESS STATEMENT: Malaysia a secular State 18 July 2007Wu & Hickling, p. 35. Islam was introduced to Malaysia by traders arriving from Persia, Arabia, China and the Indian subcontinent. It became firmly established in the 15th century. In the Constitution of Malaysia, Islam is granted the status of "religion of the Federation" to symbolize its importance to Malaysian society, while defining Malaysia constitutionally as a secular state. Therefore, other religions can be practiced legally, though Freedom of religion in Malaysia, freedom of religion is still lim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Office Of Legislative Counsel
The California Office of Legislative Counsel (OLC) (referenced in statute by its original name, the Legislative Counsel Bureau) was founded in 1913 and is a nonpartisan public agency that drafts legislative proposals, prepares legal opinions, and provides other confidential legal services to the Legislature A legislature (, ) is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city on behalf of the people therein. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial power ... and certain other California agencies and offices. The OLC also provides computer services, data networking, customer support, and related technology services to the Legislature. This includes hosting thCalifornia Legislative Information Websitewhere the official versions of legislative measures, statutes contained within the Codes of California, the California Constitution, various legislative publications, and other resou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evidence Act
Evidence Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in Australia, India, Malaysia and the United Kingdom relating to evidence. The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Evidence Bill during its passage through Parliament. Evidence Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation which relates to evidence. List Australia *The '' Evidence Act 1995''. India *The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 Malaysia *The Evidence Act 1950 New Zealand *The Evidence Act 2006 United Kingdom *The Shop-books Evidence Act 1609 ( 7 Jas. 1. c. 12) *The Evidence (Proceedings in other Jurisdictions) Act 1975 (c. 34) *The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60) *The Criminal Evidence (Witness Anonymity) Act 2008 (c. 15) The Evidence Acts 1806 to 1895 is the collective title of the following acts:The Short Titles Act 1896, section 2(1) and Schedule 2 *The Witnesses Act 1806 ( 46 Geo. 3. c. 37) *The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Widowed Parent's Allowance
Widowed Parent's Allowance is a benefit under the United Kingdom Social Security system. Entitlement It replaced Widowed Mother's Allowance in 2001 as part of the process of removing sex discrimination from the Social Security system. It is available to anyone with a child whose husband, wife or civil partner has died. The claimant must get Child Benefit for at least one child and the late husband, wife or civil partner was their parent. It is not available if the partners were divorced at the time of death, if the claimant is in prison, if they remarry or are cohabitating with another person by means of living together as a married couple. Amount of benefit In 2013 the maximum payment is £108.30 a week. It is taxable, but it is not affected by the receipt of other income. It is counted in full for all means-tested benefits. The amount payable is dependent on the National Insurance contributions paid by the deceased. It could be affected by the benefit cap. It continues wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Insurance Act 1946
The National Insurance Act 1946 ( 9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 67) was a British act of Parliament passed during the Attlee ministry which established a comprehensive system of social security throughout the United Kingdom. The act meant that all who were of working age were to pay a weekly contribution. If they had been paying National Insurance, mothers were to be entitled to an allowance (of 18 weeks) for each child as well as a lump sum when the child was born. The act however excluded married women. The weekly contributions meant that benefits including sickness benefit and unemployment benefits were able to be offered. Pensions were to offered to men and women at ages 65 and 60 respectively. Background Attlee had campaigned hard in his campaign leading up to the 1945 election for the creation of the welfare state. When elected, he and his administration and adopted Beveridge proposal from 1944 to keep to his manifesto promise. Significance According to the historian Kenneth O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
