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Thymus Pannonicus
''Thymus pannonicus'', known by its common name Hungarian thyme or Eurasian thyme, is a perennial herbaceous plant, distributed in central and eastern Europe and Russia. It grows over open dry meadows, grasslands, and rocks. In Serbia, this plant species contributes to several xerothermous grass formations which develop on warm, dry silicate terrains at altitude above , mostly over plains or mild slopes, on acidic soils derived from crystalline albite- muscovite schist and gneiss-like granite. In southern Banat (Serbia), the dried herb is used to make tasty and refreshing herbal tea drinks, owing to its peculiar and pleasant lemon-like scent. Fresh leaves are used for aromatisation of homemade jams, candies and similar confections. Traditionally, it is used also for coughs and other respiratory complaints, as well as certain gastrointestinal disorders. Chemical composition According to Karuza-Stojaković et al., the principal constituents of ''T. pannonicus'' essential oil fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Allioni
Carlo Allioni (23 September 1728 in Turin – 30 July 1804 in Turin) was an Italian physician and professor of botany at the University of Turin. His most important work was ''Flora Pedemontana, sive enumeratio methodica stirpium indigenarum Pedemontii'' 1755, a study of the plant world in Piedmont, in which he listed 2813 species of plants, of which 237 were previously unknown. In 1766, he published the ''Manipulus Insectorum Tauriniensium''. Career In April, 1758 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was appointed extraordinary professor of botany at the University of Turin in 1760 and was also the director of the Turin Botanical Garden. The journal ''Allionia: bollettino dell' istituto ed orto botanico dell' università di Torino'' is named after him. First Pehr Löfling and then Linnaeus named the New World herb genus '' Allionia'' (Nyctaginaceae) after Allioni. Per Axel Rydberg named the genus ''Allioniella'' (now a taxonomic synonym for '' Mirabilis''), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geranyl Acetate
Geranyl acetate is a monoterpene. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant floral or fruity rose aroma. It is a colorless liquid but commercial samples can appear yellowish. Geranyl acetate is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Several hundred tons are produced annually. Occurrence and production Geranyl acetate is a constituent of many essential oils, including Ceylon citronella, palmarosa, lemon grass, petit grain, neroli, geranium, coriander, carrot, Camden woollybutt, and sassafras. It can be obtained by fractional distillation of the essential oils obtained from these sources, but more commonly it is prepared by the esterification of geraniol with acetic acid. Uses Geranyl acetate is used primarily as a component of perfumes for creams and soaps and as a flavoring ingredient. It is used particularly in rose, lavender and geranium formulations where a sweet fruity or citrus aroma is desired. It is designated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linalool
Linalool () refers to two enantiomers of a naturally occurring terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants. Linalool has multiple commercial applications, the majority of which are based on its pleasant scent (floral, with a touch of spiciness). A colorless oil, linalool is classified as an acyclic monoterpenoid. In plants, it is a metabolite, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent, and an aroma compound. Linalool has uses in manufacturing of soaps, fragrances, food additives as flavors, household products, and insecticides. Esters of linalool are referred to as linalyl, e.g. linalyl pyrophosphate, an isomer of geranyl pyrophosphate. The word ''linalool'' is based on '' linaloe'' (a type of wood) and the suffix '. In food manufacturing, it may be called ''coriandrol''. Occurrence Both enantiomeric forms are found in nature: (''S'')-linalool is found, for example, as a major constituent of the essential oils of coriander (''Coriandrum sativum'' L.), cymbopo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caryophyllene Oxide
Caryophyllene (), more formally (−)-β-caryophyllene, (BCP), is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils, especially clove oil, the oil from the stems and flowers of '' Syzygium aromaticum'' (cloves), the essential oil of ''Cannabis sativa'', rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the ''cis'' double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. Caryophyllene is notable for having a cyclobutane ring, as well as a ''trans''-double bond in a 9-membered ring, both rarities in nature. β-Caryophyllene acts as a full agonist of the Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) in rats. β-Caryophyllene has a binding affinity of Ki = 155nM at the CB2 receptors in mice. β-Caryophyllene has been shown to have anti-inflammatory action linked to its CB2 receptor activity in a study comparing the pain killing effects in mice with and without CB2 receptors with the group of mice w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
β-caryophyllene
Caryophyllene (), more formally (−)-β-caryophyllene, (BCP), is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils, especially clove oil, the oil from the stems and flowers of ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (cloves), the essential oil of ''Cannabis sativa'', rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the ''cis'' double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. Caryophyllene is notable for having a cyclobutane ring, as well as a ''trans''-double bond in a 9-membered ring, both rarities in nature. β-Caryophyllene acts as a full agonist of the Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) in rats. β-Caryophyllene has a binding affinity of Ki = 155nM at the CB2 receptors in mice. β-Caryophyllene has been shown to have anti-inflammatory action linked to its CB2 receptor activity in a study comparing the pain killing effects in mice with and without CB2 receptors with the group of mice wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germacrene D
Germacrenes are a class of volatile organic hydrocarbons, specifically, sesquiterpenes. Germacrenes are typically produced in a number of plant species for their antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, though they also play a role as insect pheromones. Two prominent molecules are germacrene A and germacrene D. Structures Germacrene has five isomers. Natural occurrences The essential oils of red deadnettle ('' Lamium purpureum'') and hedgenettles (genus '' Stachys'') are characterized by their high contents of germacrene D, as is '' Clausena anisata''. It is also a major component of patchouli oil PatchouliAlso spelled ''patchouly'' or ''pachouli''. (; ''Pogostemon cablin'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, commonly called the mint or deadnettle family. The plant grows as a bushy perennial herb, with erect stems r .... References Further reading General * Germacrene A * * * * * * Germacrene&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geraniol
Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol. It is the primary component of citronella oil and is a primary component of rose oil, palmarosa oil. It is a colorless oil, although commercial samples can appear yellow. It has low solubility in water, but it is soluble in common organic solvents. The functional group derived from geraniol (in essence, geraniol lacking the terminal −OH) is called geranyl. Uses and occurrence In addition to rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil, it also occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. With a rose-like scent, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used in flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. Geraniol is produced by the scent glands of honeybees to mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives. It is also commonly used as an insect repellent, especially for mosquitoes. The scent of geraniol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
α-cubebene
Cubebenes are a pair of chemical compounds, classified as sesquiterpenes, first isolated from '' Piper cubeba'' berries, known as cubebs. The volatile oil from the distillation of cubebs is a pale green or blue-yellow viscous liquid with a warm woody, slightly camphoraceous odor consisting of cubebene which comes in two forms, α- and β-cubebene, both with the molecular formula C15H24. They differ only in the position of a double bond which is endocyclic (part of the five-membered ring) in α-cubebene, but exocyclic in β-cubebene. References {{reflist Sesquiterpenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linalyl Acetate
Linalyl acetate, an organic compound, is the acetate ester of linalool. phytochemical found in many flowers and spice plants. It is one of the principal components of the essential oil An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at normal temperatures) chemical compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetheroleum, or simply as the o ...s of bergamot and lavender. It often occurs together with linalool. It is a widely used fragrance. The chemical tastes similar to how it smells with a pleasant fruity odor reminiscent of bergamot mint oil. It is found in Eau de Cologne mint and is mildly toxic to humans, toxic to fish, and extremely toxic to daphnia. Linalyl acetate is also combustible. Safety Linalyl acetate is found safe as a fragrance material under current levels of use. See also * Bergamot essential oil References {{reflist Monoterpenes Acetate esters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoborneol
Isoborneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. The hydroxyl group in this compound is placed in an ''Endo-exo isomerism, exo'' position. The endo diastereomer is called borneol. Being chiral, isoborneol exists as enantiomers. Preparation Isoborneol is synthesized commercially by hydrolysis of isobornyl acetate. The latter is obtained from treatment of camphene with acetic acid in the presence of a strong acid catalyst. It can also be produced by reduction of camphor: : Isoborneol derivatives as chiral ligands Derivatives of isoborneol are used as ligands in asymmetric synthesis. * (2''S'')-(−)-3-''exo''-(morpholino)isoborneol or MIB with a morpholine substituent in the α-hydroxyl position. * (2''S'')-(−)-3-''exo''-(dimethylamino)isoborneol or DAIB with a amine, dimethylamino substituent in the α-hydroxyl position References {{Reflist Secondary alcohols Monoterpenes Bicyclic compounds Cyclopentanes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
β-bisabolene
Bisabolenes are a group of closely related natural chemical compounds which are classified as sesquiterpenes. Bisabolenes are produced from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and are present in the essential oils of bisabol, and of a wide variety of other plants including cubeb, lemon, and oregano. Various derivates also function as pheromones in different insects, such as stink bugs and fruit flies. Bisabolenes are produced by several fungi, though their biological role in that group of organisms remains unclear. Three isomers are known, α-, β-, and γ-bisabolene, which differ by the positions of the double bonds. Uses Bisabolenes are intermediates in the biosynthesis of many other natural chemical compounds, including hernandulcin, a natural sweetener. β-Bisabolene has a balsamic odor and is approved in Europe as a food additive. Bisabolene has been identified as a biologically producible precursor to a diesel fuel alternative and/or cold weather additive bisabol''ane''. See ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neral (chemical)
Citral is an acyclic monoterpene aldehyde, and being a monoterpene, it is made of two isoprene units. Citral is a collective term which covers two geometric isomers that have their own separate names; the ''E''-isomer is named geranial (''trans''-citral) or citral A. The ''Z''-isomer is named neral (''cis''-citral) or citral B. These stereoisomers occur as a mixture, not necessarily racemic; e.g. in essential oil of Australian ginger, the neral to geranial ratio is 0.61. Occurrence Citral is present in the oils of several plants, including lemon myrtle (90–98%), ''Litsea citrata'' (90%), '' Litsea cubeba'' (70–85%), lemongrass (65–85%), lemon tea-tree (70–80%), ''Ocimum gratissimum'' (66.5%), '' Lindera citriodora'' (about 65%), '' Calypranthes parriculata'' (about 62%), petitgrain (36%), lemon verbena (30–35%), lemon ironbark (26%), lemon balm (11%), lime (6–9%), lemon (2–5%), and orange. Further, in the lipid fraction (essential oil) of Australian ginger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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