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Territory Of The Islamic State
The Islamic State (IS) had its core in Iraq and Ba'athist Syria, Syria from 2013 to 2017 Western Iraq campaign, 2017 and Battle of Baghuz Fawqani, 2019 respectively, where the proto-state controlled significant swathes of urban area, urban, rural, and desert territory, mainly in the Mesopotamian region. Today the group controls scattered pockets of land in the area, as well as other minor strongholds or underground insurgent cells in #Specific territorial claims, other areas, notably #Afghanistan and Pakistan, Afghanistan, #Nigeria and West Africa, West Africa, the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara, Sahara, #Somalia, Somalia, #Mozambique, Mozambique, and the #Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo. As of 2023, large swathes of Mali have fallen under IS control. In early 2017, IS controlled approximately 45,377 square kilometers (17,520 square miles) of territory in Iraq and Syria and 7,323km2 of territory elsewhere, for a total of . This represents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic State
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadism, Salafi jihadist organization and unrecognized quasi-state. IS occupied significant territory in Iraq and Syria in 2013, but lost most of it in 2019. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself to be a worldwide caliphate, and claimed religious, political, and military authority over all Muslims worldwide, a claim not accepted by the vast majority of Muslims. It is List of designated terrorist groups, designated as a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and many countries around the world, including Muslim world, Muslim countries. By the end of 2015, its self-declared caliphate ruled an area with a population of about 12 million, where they enforced their extremist interpretation of Islamic law, managed an annual budget exceeding billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters. After a grinding co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosul
Mosul ( ; , , ; ; ; ) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. It is the second largest city in Iraq overall after the capital Baghdad. Situated on the banks of Tigris, the city encloses the ruins of the ancient Old Assyrian Empire, Assyrian city of Nineveh—once the List of largest cities throughout history, largest city in the world—on its east side. Due to its strategic and central location, the city has traditionally served as one of the hubs of international commerce and travel in the region. It is considered as one of the historically and culturally significant cities of the Arab world. The North Mesopotamian dialect of Arabic commonly known as North Mesopotamian Arabic, ''Moslawi'' is named after Mosul, and is widely spoken in the region. Together, with the Nineveh Plains, Mosul is a historical center of the Assyrian people, Assyrians. The surrounding region is ethnically and religiously diverse; a large majority of the city is A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Mosul (2016-2017)
Battle of Mosul may refer to: * Battle of Mosul (1107), a battle in which Kilij Arslan I of the Rum Seljuks conquered Mosul * Siege of Mosul (1743), an offensive in which the Persians besieged the Ottomans * Battle of Mosul (1745), a battle between Persian and Ottoman forces, following the 1743 Siege of Mosul * , A series of small battles between Russians and Turks ended mostly indecisively * Battle of Mosul (2004), a battle fought during the Iraq War * Battle of Mosul (2008), part of the 2008 Nineveh campaign of the Iraq War * Fall of Mosul, a battle in June 2014 during which ISIL seized control of the city * Mosul offensive (2015), an offensive to retake the northern outskirts of the city from ISIL in 2015 * Battle of Mosul (2016–17), the retaking of Mosul from ISIS control on 20 July 2017, and the subsequent efforts to purge the remaining militants and reconstruct the city * 2017 Western Nineveh offensive, an offensive that began on 25 April 2017 and ended on 9 June 2017, to expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Qaeda
, image = Flag of Jihad.svg , caption = Jihadist flag, Flag used by various al-Qaeda factions , founder = Osama bin Laden{{Assassinated, Killing of Osama bin Laden , leaders = {{Plainlist, * Osama bin Laden{{Assassinated, Killing of Osama bin Laden(1988–2011) * Ayman al-Zawahiri{{Assassinated, Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri(2011–2022) * Saif al-Adel(''de facto''; 2022–present) , active = {{nowrap, August 11, 1988 – present , allegiance = {{flag, Taliban (1995–present) , ideology = {{Collapsible list , title={{Nbsp , {{Plainlist, * Sunni Islam, Sunni Islamism{{refn, name=Sunni Islamism, {{cite book, editor1-last=Bokhari, editor1-first=Kamran, editor2-last=Senzai, editor2-first=Farid, year=2013, chapter=Rejector Islamists: al-Qaeda and Transnational Jihadism, chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThiuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101, title=Political Islam in the Age of Democratization, location=New York, publish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levant
The Levant ( ) is the subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political term, Middle East, ''Middle East''. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is equivalent to Cyprus and a stretch of land bordering the Mediterranean Sea in Western AsiaGasiorowski, Mark (2016). ''The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa''. p. 5: "... today the term ''Levantine'' can describe shared cultural products, such as Levantine cuisine or Levantine archaeology". .Steiner & Killebrew, p9: "The general limits ..., as defined here, begin at the Plain of 'Amuq in the north and extend south until the Wâdī al-Arish, along the northern coast of Sinai. ... The western coastline and the eastern deserts set the boundaries for the Levant ... The Euphrates and the area around Jebel el-Bishrī mark the eastern boundary of the northern Levant, as d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic State In Iraq
The Islamic State of Iraq (ISI; ') was a Salafi jihadist militant organization that fought the forces of the U.S.-led coalition during the Iraqi insurgency. The organization aimed to overthrow the Iraqi federal government and establish an Islamic state governed by Sharia law in Iraq. Islamic State of Iraq traces its origins to '' Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad'' (JTJ) group, which was formed by the Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in Jordan in 1999. Al-Zarqawi led the group, until his death in June 2006. Jama'at fought the American occupation forces during the early Iraqi insurgency following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and on 17 October 2004 al-Zarqawi had pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network; and the group became known as "''Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn''" (commonly known as al-Qaeda in Iraq). In January 2006, AQI and seven other Sunni guerrilla groups formed the Mujahideen Shura Council (MSC), which on 15 October 2006 disbanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jama'at Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad
Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (), abbreviated as JTJ or Jama'at, was a Salafi jihadist militant group. It was founded in Jordan in 1999, and was led by Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi for the entirety of its existence. During the Iraqi insurgency (2003–11), the group became a decentralized network with foreign fighters with a considerable Iraqi membership. On 17 October 2004, al-Zarqawi pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network, and the group became known as Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (commonly known as al-Qaeda in Iraq or Tanzim). After several mergers with other groups and the formation of the Mujahideen Shura Council, it changed its name several times until it called itself Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) in 2006. Origins Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was a Jordanian Jihadist who traveled to Afghanistan to fight within the Soviet–Afghan War, but arrived after the departure of the Soviet troops, and soon returned to his homeland. He even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shura
Shura () is the term for collective decision-making in Islam. It can, for example, take the form of a council or a referendum. The Quran encourages Muslims to decide their affairs in consultation with each other. Shura is mentioned as a praiseworthy activity often used in organizing the affairs of a mosque, Islamic organizations, and is a common term involved in naming parliaments. Shura in Islam Sunni Muslims believe that Islam requires decisions made by the Muslim societies to be made by shura of the Muslim community. Traditionally however, the amir, sultan or caliph would consult with his wazirs (ministers) and make a decision, after taking into consideration their opinions. Shia Muslims say that Islam requires submission to existing rulers if they are correctly appointed, so long as they govern according to Sharia or Islamic law. This is a more traditional approach, characteristic of many centuries of Islamic history. The difference between the two appears more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salafism
The Salafi movement or Salafism () is a Islamic fundamentalism, fundamentalist Islamic revival, revival movement within Sunni Islam, originating in the late 19th century and influential in the Islamic world to this day. The name "''Salafiyya''" is a self-designation, claiming a return to the traditions of the "pious predecessors" (), the first three generations of Muslims (the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad and the [his companions], then the , and the third generation, the ), who are believed to exemplify the pure form of Islam. In practice, Salafis claim that they rely on the Quran, Qur'an, the and the (consensus) of the , giving these writings precedence over what they claim as "later religious interpretations".Bin Ali Mohamed ''Roots Of Religious Extremism, The: Understanding The Salafi Doctrine Of Al-wala' Wal Bara'' World Scientific, 2015 p. 61 The Salafi movement aimed to achieve a renewal of Muslim life, and had a major influence on many Muslim thinkers an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Muslim community, being appointed at the meeting of Saqifa. This contrasts with the Succession of ʿAlī (Shia Islam), Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib () as his successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along with Abu Bakr, Umar () and Uthman () as 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs'. The term means those who observe the , the practices of Muhammad. The Quran, together with hadith (especially the Six Books) and (scholarly consensus), form the basis of all Fiqh, traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia legal rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with Istislah, consideration of Maslaha, public welfare and Istihsan, jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
