Tapuya Language (other)
Tapuya (or Tapuyá) is a Tupian term meaning ‘enemy’ or ‘foreigner’ that is used to refer to various unrelated non-Tupian ethnic groups. It can refer to: *Carapana language, also called Carapana-tapuya, a Tucanoan language *Karu language (Moriwene), also called Sucuriyú-tapuya, an Arawakan language *Pira-tapuya, an indigenous people of the Amazon regions *Wanano language, also called Pira-tapuya, a Tucanoan language See also *Baniwa language (other) *Maku language Maku (Macu, Máku, Mácu, Makú, Macú) or Maco (Mako, Máko, Macó, Makó) is a pejorative term referring to several hunter-gatherer peoples of the upper Amazon, derived from an Arawakan term ''ma-aku'' "do not speak / without speech". Nimuendajú ...

Tupian Languages
The Tupi or Tupian language family comprises some 70 languages spoken in South America, of which the best known are Tupi language, Tupi proper and Guarani language, Guarani. Homeland and ''urheimat'' Rodrigues (2007) considers the Proto-Tupian urheimat to be somewhere between the Guaporé River, Guaporé and Aripuanã River, Aripuanã rivers, in the Madeira River basin. Much of this area corresponds to the modern-day state of Rondônia, Brazil. 5 of the 10 Tupian branches are found in this area, as well as some Tupi–Guarani languages (especially Kawahíb language, Kawahíb), making it the probable urheimat of these languages and maybe of its speaking peoples. Rodrigues believes the Proto-Tupian language dates back to around 3,000 BC. Language contact Tupian languages have extensively influenced many language families in South America. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawa languages, Arawa, Bora-Muinane languages, Bora-Muinane, Guato language, ...
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Carapana Language
Carapano (Karapanã, Carapana-tapuya, Möxdöá) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area .... Phonology Carapano has 11 consonants, plus 3 tones: high, medium and low. It also has 6 vowels and their nasalized forms. References Languages of Colombia Tucanoan languages {{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub ...
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Karu Language
Karu, one of several languages called Baniwa (Baniva), or in older sources ''Itayaine (Iyaine)'', is an Arawakan language spoken in Guainía, Colombia, Venezuela, and Amazonas, Brazil. It forms a subgroup with the Tariana, Piapoco, Resígaro and Guarequena languages. There are 10,000 speakers. Varieties Aikhenvald (1999) considers the three main varieties to be dialects; Kaufman (1994) considers them to be distinct languages, in a group he calls "Karu". They are: *Baniwa of Içana (''Baniua do Içana'') *Curripaco (Kurripako, Ipeka-Tapuia-Curripako) *Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (Catapolitani, Kadaupuritana) Various of all three are called ''tapuya'', a Brazilian Portuguese and Nheengatu word for non-Tupi/non-Guarani Indigenous peoples of Brazil (from a Tupi word meaning "enemy, barbarian"). All are spoken by the Baniwa people. Ruhlen lists all as "Izaneni"; Greenberg's ''Adzánani'' (= Izaneni) presumably belongs here. Ramirez (2020) gives the following classificat ...
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Pira-tapuya
The Pira-tapuya, or variations like Pira-Tapuia, Piratapuyo, etc., or Tapuya for short, are an indigenous people of the Amazon regions. They live along the Vaupés River in Colombia and in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Languages The Pira-tapuya call themselves Waíkana. They speak the Piratapuyo language, one of the Eastern Tucanoan languages. Other ethnic groups in the region also speak Eastern Tucanoan languages apart from the Tariana people, who originally spoke an Arawakan language. The lingua franca of the region is the Tucano language, which has around 20,000 speakers. Locations The Pira-tapuya live along the banks of the Uaupés River and its tributaries such as the Tiquié, Papurí and Querari rivers. The Uaupés River rises in Colombia and flows for to the border with Brazil. For over it forms the border between Colombia and Brazil, then for flows through Brazil to the point where it joins the Rio Negro. The main settlements are the town of Mitú, capital of t ...
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Wanano Language
Guanano (Wanano), or Piratapuyo, is a Tucanoan language spoken in the northwest part of Amazonas in Brazil and in Vaupés in Colombia. It is spoken by two peoples, the and the Piratapuyo. They do not intermarry, but their speech is 75% lexically similar. Classification The language family that Wanano belongs to is the Tucanoan family, located in northwest Amazonia (Stenzel 2004, 20). The Tukanoan family can be sub-categorized into two groups: Western Tukanoan Languages and Eastern Tucanoan Languages, Wanano belonging to the Eastern Tucanoan family (Stenzel 2004, 20). The Eastern Tukanoan group is much larger than the Western Tukanoan family with 16 languages and around 28,000 speakers, while the Western Tucanoan family has 4 languages with around 3,000 speakers (Stenzel 2004, 20). Wanano/Piratapuyo belongs to the Northern branch of the Eastern Tucanoan languages, along with Tucano. The Wanano People Geographic Distribution The Wanano people live in northwestern Amazoni ...
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Baniwa Language (other)
Baniwa (Baniva) is a name applied to several languages of the Amazon. It may refer to: * Avane language (Abane) *Baniwa of Içana (Karu) or Carútana-Baniwa language * Baniwa of Maroa * Baniwa of Guainía * Baniwa of Yavita See also *Banawa language *Tapuya language (other) *Maku people Maku (Macu, Máku, Mácu, Makú, Macú) or Maco (Mako, Máko, Macó, Makó) is a pejorative term referring to several hunter-gatherer peoples of the upper Amazon, derived from an Arawakan term ''ma-aku'' "do not speak / without speech". Nimuendajú ...