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Tadj Ol-Molouk Ayromlou
Tâdj ol-Molouk ( fa, تاجالملوک; 17 March 1896 – 10 March 1982) was an Iranian royal, who was the Queen of Iran as the wife of Reza Shah, founder of the Pahlavi dynasty and Shah of Iran between 1925 and 1941. The title she was given after becoming queen means "Crown of the Kings" in the Persian language. She was the first queen in Iran after the Muslim conquest in the seventh century to have participated in public royal representation, and she played a major role in the ''kashf-e hijab'' (ban of the veil) in 1936. Biography She was the daughter of Brigadier General Teymūr Khan Ayromlou,, and wife Malek os-Soltan. Her marriage with Reza Khan took place in 1916. It was arranged and proved an advantage in the military career of Reza Khan at the time, due to the connections of her father, enabling him to advance in the Cossack hierarchy. Together, they had four children: Shams, Mohammad Reza, the last Shah of Iran, and his twin sister Ashraf, and Ali Reza. On 23 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964) and Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, a der ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mossadegh
Mohammad Mosaddegh ( fa, محمد مصدق, ; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, after appointment by the 16th Majlis. He was a member of the Iranian parliament from 1923, and served through a contentious 1952 election into the 17th Iranian Majlis, until his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état aided by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom (MI6) and the United States (CIA), led by Kermit Roosevelt Jr. His National Front was suppressed from the 1954 election. Before its removal from power, his administration introduced a range of social and political measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes including the introduction of taxation on the rent of land. His government's most significant policy was the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been built by the British on Persian lands since 1913 through th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soraya Esfandiari-Bakhtiari
Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary ( fa, ثریا اسفندیاری بختیاری, Sorayâ Esfandiâri-Baxtiâri; 22 June 1932 – 26 October 2001) was Queen of the Imperial State of Iran as the second wife of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, whom she married in 1951. Their marriage suffered many pressures, particularly when it became clear that she was infertile. She rejected the Shah's suggestion that he might take a second wife in order to produce an heir, as he rejected her suggestion that he might abdicate in favor of his half-brother. In March 1958, their divorce was announced. After a brief career as an actress, and a liaison with Italian film director Franco Indovina, Soraya lived alone in Paris until her death. Early life and education Soraya was the elder child and only daughter of Khalil Esfandiary-Bakhtiary (1901–1983), a Bakhtiari nobleman and Iranian ambassador to West Germany in the 1950s, and his Russian-born German wife Eva Karl (1906–1994). She was born in the Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Consultative Assembly
The National Consultative Assembly ( fa, مجلس شورای ملی, Mad̲j̲les-e s̲h̲ūrā-ye mellī) or simply Majles, was the national legislative body of Iran from 1906 to 1979. It was elected by universal suffrage, excluding the armed forces A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ... and convicted criminals but since 1963 including women, who might both vote and be elected. Notes and references * Afary, Janet. ''The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911''. Columbia University Press. 1996. {{coord, 35.6903, N, 51.4333, E, source:wikidata, display=title National legislatures 1906 establishments in Iran 1906 in law 20th century in Iran National Consultative Assembly Legislature of Iran Politics of Qajar Iran Pahlavi Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fawzia Fuad Of Egypt
Fawzia of Egypt (; 5 November 1921 – 2 July 2013), also known as Fawzia Pahlavi or Fawzia Chirine, was an Egyptian princess who became Queen of Iran as the first wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran . Fawzia was the daughter of Fuad I, seventh son of Ismail the Magnificent. Her marriage to the Iranian Crown Prince in 1939 was a political deal: it consolidated Egyptian power and influence in the Middle East, while bringing respectability to the new Iranian regime by association with the much more prestigious Egyptian royal house. It was never a love-match, and Fawzia obtained an Egyptian divorce in 1945 (not recognised in Iran until 1948), under which their one daughter Princess Shahnaz would be brought up in Iran. In 1949, Fawzia married Colonel Ismail Chirine, an Egyptian diplomat, with whom she had a son and a daughter. Life Early life and education Princess Fawzia was born ''Her Sultanic Highness'' Princess Fawzia bint Fuad at Ras el-Tin Palace, Alexandria, the el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashf-e Hijab
On 8 January 1936, Reza Shah of Iran (Persia) issued a decree known as ''Kashf-e hijab'' (also Romanized as "Kashf-e hijāb" and "Kashf-e hejāb", fa, کشف حجاب, lit=Unveiling) banning all Islamic veils (including hijab and chador), an edict that was swiftly and forcefully implemented. Hoodfar, Homa (fall 1993). ''The Veil in Their Minds and On Our Heads: The Persistence of Colonial Images of Muslim Women'', Resources for feminist research (RFR) / Documentation sur la recherche féministe (DRF), Vol. 22, n. 3/4, pp. 5–18, Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto (OISE), Milani, Farzaneh (1992). ''Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers'', Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, pp. 19, 34–37, Paidar, Parvin (1995): ''Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran'', Cambridge Middle East studies, Vol. 1, Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 106–107, 214–21 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esmat Dowlatshahi
Esmat Dowlatshahi ( fa, عصمتالملوک دولتشاهی; 1905 – 25 July 1995) was an Iranian royal and the fourth and last wife of Reza Shah. Early life Dowlatshahi was born in 1905. She was a member of the Qajar dynasty. Her father was Gholam Ali Mirza "Mojalal Dowleh" Dowlatshahi (1878–1934). Her mother was Mobtahedj-od-Dowleh, daughter of Ebtehadj Saltaneh and Abou Nasr Mirza Hessam Saltaneh II. Her paternal grandfather was Hessam-Saltaneh I. She had two brothers and one sister, Ashraf Saltaneh II. Mehrangiz Dowlatshahi, member of the Majlis and Iranian ambassador, was her cousin. Marriage Dowlatshahi and Reza Shah wed in 1923. She was his fourth, last and favourite wife. Reza Shah was the minister of war when they married. From this marriage five children were born: Abdul Reza, Ahmad Reza, Mahmoud Reza, Fatemeh and Hamid Reza Pahlavi. Her husband became Shah of Iran in 1925. However, it was her husband's second wife Tadj ol-Molouk who was given a public rol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turan Amirsoleimani
Turan Amirsoleimani ( fa, توران امیرسلیمانی, born Qamar ol-Molouk Amirsoleimani, (); 4 February 1905 – 24 July 1995) was an Iranian royal and the third wife of Reza Shah, with whom she had a son named Gholam Reza Pahlavi. Biography Turan was born Qamar ol-Molouk Amirsoleimani in 1905. Her father, Isa Khan Majd es-Saltaneh, was a son of Majd ed-Dowleh (a first cousin of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar). She continued her education until earning her diploma from Namous High School in Tehran. In 1922, she married Reza Khan, who was the minister of war at the time. The following year she gave birth to her only son, Gholam Reza Pahlavi. The couple divorced shortly afterwards. The reason for it was that Reza Khan considered her to have an arrogant personality. After divorce, Amirsoleimani refrained from remarrying and lived with her son Gholam Reza in one of the royal residences. In 1945, a year after Reza Shah's death, she married Zabihollah Malekpour, a renowned merchant. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahanshah
Shah (; fa, شاه, , ) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Iranian monarchies.Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) It was also used by a variety of Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Kazakh Khanate, the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, historical Afghan dynasties, and among Gurkhas. Rather than regarding himself as simply a king of the concurrent dynasty (i.e. European-style monarchies), each Iranian ruler regarded himself as the Shahanshah ( fa, شاهنشاه, translit=Šâhanšâh, label=none, ) or Padishah ( fa, پادشاه, translit=Pâdešâh, label=none, ) in the sense of a continuation of the original Persian Empire. Etymology The word descends from Old Persian ''xšāyaθiya'' "king", which used to be considered a borrowing from Median, as it was compared to Avestan ''xšaθra-'', "power" and "command" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taj Ol-Molouk - Queen Of Persia
Taj may refer to: Buildings *Taj Mahal, a medieval mausoleum in the Indian city of Agra *Taj Palace, an Abbasid palace in medieval Baghdad *Taj-ul-Masajid, mosque in Bhopal * Taj building, Nowshera, Pakistan *Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, international hotel chain * The Taj Exotica Hotel & Resort, Dubai Transport *Tadji Airport, Papua New Guinea (IATA: TAJ) *Taj International Airport, proposed airport in Delhi *Taj Express, train between New Delhi and Agra Sport * Taj Ahvaz Football Club, Iranian football (soccer) club * Taj Abadan Football Club, Iranian football (soccer) club * Taj Tehran Football Club, Iranian football (soccer) club * Taj F.C. (Palau), Palauan football team Other *Taj (name), including a list of people with the name *Taj Mahotsav, annual festival in Agra *Taj Ultimate, annual "Ultimate" tournament in Tajima, Japan *Taj Television Ltd., Mumbai *Former name pre-1979 of Esteghlal Tehran FC, football club *'' National Lampoon's Van Wilder: The Rise of Taj'', 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1921 Persian Coup D'état
1921 Persian coup d'état, known in Iran as 3 Esfand 1299 coup d'état ( fa, کودتای ۳ اسفند ۱۲۹۹ with the Solar Hijri date), refers to several major events in Persia in 1921, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty as the ruling house of the country in 1925. The events began with a coup by the Persian Cossack Brigade headed by Reza Khan on 21 February 1921. The precise level of British involvement in Reza Khan's coup remains a matter of historical debate, but it is almost certain that Edmund Ironside provided advice to the plotters. With this coup Zia'eddin Tabatabaee took over power and became Prime Minister. The coup was largely bloodless and faced little resistance. With his expanded forces and the Cossack Brigade, Reza Khan launched successful military actions to eliminate separatist and dissident movements in Tabriz, Mashhad and the Jangalis in Gilan. The campaign against Simko and the Kurds was less successful and lasted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
