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Szekler Sabbatarians
The Szekler Sabbatarians (in Transylvanian Saxon: (Siebenbürgen) Sambatianer; in German: Siebenbürgische Sabbatianer; in Hungarian: Szombatosok, zombatosok, sabbatariusok, zsidózók, Şomrei Sabat) were a religious group in Transylvania and Hungary between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries who held Unitarian and judaizing beliefs. History The Magyar Sabbatarians arose among Transylvanian Unitarians, led by the Matthias Vehe's followers András Eőssi and Simon Péchi who founded the Sabbatarians 1588, after Ferenc Dávid died in prison and the Unitarian church formalised on a non-Sabbatarian line. Initially they believed Jesus to be the messiah, but a human rather than divine messiah. Gradually they passed to read only the Old Testament and to celebrate Torah's feasts, follow dietary laws, and a strict observance of seventh-day Sabbath, but not circumcision. Most of their followers were of Székely ethnicity and had experienced periods of tolerance and persecution. On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvanian Saxon
The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (german: Siebenbürgen) in waves starting from the mid- 12th century until the mid 19th century. The legal foundation of the settlement was laid down in the Diploma Andreanum issued by King Andrew II of Hungary that is known for providing the first territorial autonomy hitherto in the history. The Transylvanian "Saxons" originally came from Flanders, Hainaut, Brabant, Liège, Zeeland, Moselle, Lorraine, and Luxembourg, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy Roman Empire around the 1140s. After 1918 and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, in the wake of the Treaty of Trianon, Transylvania united with the Kingdom of Romania. Consequently, the Transylvanian Saxons, together with other ethnic German sub-groups in newl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Of Transylvania
The Prince of Transylvania ( hu, erdélyi fejedelem, german: Fürst von Siebenbürgen, la, princeps Transsylvaniae, ro, principele TransilvanieiFallenbüchl 1988, p. 77.) was the head of state of the Principality of Transylvania from the last decades of the 16th century until the middle of the 18th century. John Sigismund Zápolya was the first to adopt the title in 1570, but its use only became stable from 1576. Origins The integration of Transylvania into the newly established Kingdom of Hungary began around 1003. The province became subject to intensive colonization, leading to the arrival and settlement of colonists of diverse origin, including the Hungarian language, Hungarian-speaking Székelys and the Ethnic Germans. The territory of Transylvania was divided for administrative purposes into territorial units called "County (Kingdom of Hungary), counties" and "Seat (territorial-administrative unit), seats". The seven Transylvanian counties (Doboka County, Dobok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
András Bereznay
András Bereznay is a Hungarian-British historical cartographer and historian, specialising in the compilation of maps for historical atlases. Born in Budapest, he left Hungary in 1978 and is based in London. Bereznay has researched and compiled historical maps, on a great variety of subjects, for numerous publishers. He has a particular interest in ethnographical and other thematic maps. Education and employment Educated for five years at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Budapest, he received the equivalent of an M.A. in History and Spanish. From 1974 to 1978 he was a freelance editor of historical maps, working for the Historical Institute of the Hungarian Scientific Academy, and preparing maps of the many-volume ''History of Hungary'', and for a research group at ELTE University compiling a series of maps about Eastern European history. Bereznay left Hungary in 1978 for political reasons and settled in London. He has worked as a freelance historical map edito ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Géza Szávai
Géza Szávai (born 4 December 1950) is a Hungarian people, Hungarian novelist. Life Szávai was born in 1950 in Szeklerland. (Szeklerland is inhabited by Hungarians and is a specific, autonomous part of the Transylvania, cradle of the history and culture of several nations – Romanians, Germans etc. –, now belonging to Romania.) Having taken a university degree, he taught for a short period of time, then worked as a journalist and editor. He has been living in Budapest since 1988. In 1994 he founded the PONT Publishing House, which publishes books (and periodicals) in several languages. He started an international program called CONFLUX (the opposite of conflict) together with his friends living in Europe and overseas. He writes prose and essays. His most known book, the ''Szekler Jerusalem'' is an exciting “essay-novel” containing historical documents, reflections, memoirs and personal confessions, presenting the tragic story of Hungarian Sabbatarians or “spiritual Jew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabar
The Kabars ( el, Κάβαροι), also known as Qavars (Qabars) or Khavars were Khazar rebels who joined the Magyar confederation possibly in the 9th century as well as the Rus' Khaganate. Sources The Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII is the principal source of the Kabars' history. He dedicated a whole chapterchapter 39to the Kabars (or ''Kabaroi'') in his ''De Administrando Imperio'', which was completed around 950. The Emperor described the Kabars as "a race of Khazars" who had risen up against the Khagan. The uprising was crushed, and some of them were massacred, but others escaped and joined the Magyars in the Pontic steppes. History The Kabars rebelled against the Khazar Khaganate in the early ninth century; the rebellion was notable enough to be described in Constantine Porphyrogenitus's work ''De Administrando Imperio''. Subsequently the Kabars were expelled from Levedia in the Khazar Khaganate leading the Magyar tribal confederacy called ''Hét-Magyar'' (meaning " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalyzians
The Chalyzians or Khalyzians (Arabic: ''Khalis'', Khwarezmian: ''Khwalis'', Byzantine Greek: ''Χαλίσιοι, Khalisioi'', Magyar: ''Káliz'') were a people mentioned by the 12th-century Byzantine historian John Kinnamos in Halych. Kinnamos in his epitome twice mentions Khalisioi in the Hungarian army. He first describes them as practising Mosaic law; though whether they were actually Jews is unclear because other editions state that they were Muslims. They were said to have fought against the Byzantine Empire as allies of the tribes of Dalmatia in 1154, during Manuel Comnenus's campaign in the Balkans. Prior to the years 889–92 some Khalis and Kabars (Kavars) of the Khazar realm had joined the Hungarian (Magyar) federation that had conquered and settled in Hungary. Another group had joined the Pechenegs. Al-Bakri (1014–1094) states that around 1068 A.D. there were considerable numbers of al-Khalis amongst the nomadic Muslim Pechenegs (Hungarian: Besenyő), that lived a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrahamites
The Abrahamites were a sect of deists in Bohemia in the 18th century, who professed to be followers of the pre-circumcised Abraham. Believing in one God, but rejecting the Trinity, original sin, and the perpetuity of punishment for sin, they contented themselves with the Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer. Declining to be classed either as Christians or Jews, they were excluded from the edict of toleration promulgated by Emperor Joseph II in 1781, and deported to various parts of the country, the men being drafted into frontier regiments. Some became Roman Catholics, and those who retained their "Abrahamite" views were not able to hand them on to the next generation. They are not to be confused with the ninth-century Syrian group also known as the Abrahamite monks, who were exterminated by the iconoclastic emperor Theophilus. See also * Not to be confused with the descendants of the patriarch Abraham i.e the Northern Arabs and Jews * Hanifs In Islam, a ( ar, حنيف ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subbotniks
Subbotniks ( rus, Субботники, p=sʊˈbotnʲɪkʲɪ, "Sabbatarians") is a common name for adherents of Russian religious movements that split from Sabbatarian sects in the late 18th century. The majority of Subbotniks were converts to Rabbinic or Karaite Judaism from Christianity. Other groups included Judaizing Christians and Spiritual Christians. There are three main groups of people described as Subbotniks: * Judaizing Talmudists: Subbotnik converts to Rabbinic Judaism, also described as "Gery" (russian: Геры), "Talmudisty" (russian: Субботники-Талмудисты), or "Shaposhniki". * Karaimites or Karaite Subbotniks (russian: Субботники-Караимиты): also described as "Russian Karaites" (russian: Русские Караимы), considering themselves as adherents of Karaite Judaism. They recognize only the scriptural authority of the Torah and reject the Talmud; however, it has been reported that they do not practice circumcisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zsigmond Kemény
Baron Zsigmond Kemény (June 12, 1814December 22, 1875) was a Hungarian author. Life and work Kemény was born in Alvincz, Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Vințu de Jos, Romania) to a distinguished noble family, but family feuds left him with little personal wealth. His early schooling in Nagyenyed (today Aiud, Romania) gave him knowledge of English law, French law and German law, politics and culture. In 1837 he studied jurisprudence at Marosvásárhely (today Târgu-Mureş, Romania), but soon devoted himself entirely to journalism and literature. His first unfinished work, ''On the Causes of the Disaster of Mohács'' (1840), attracted much attention. In the same year he studied natural history and anatomy at Vienna University. In 1841, along with Lajos Kovács, he edited the Transylvanian newspaper ''Erdélyi Híradó''. He also took an active part in provincial politics and warmly supported the principles of Count István Széchenyi. In 1846 he moved to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Bacher
Wilhelm Bacher ( hu, Bacher Vilmos; yi, בִּנְיָמִין־זְאֵב בּאַככֿר, he, בִּנְיָמִין־זְאֵב בכר ''Benjamin Ze'ev Bacher''; 12 January 1850 – 25 December 1913) . In: '' Die Wahrheit'', Nr. 1/1914, 2 January 1914, Vienna 1914, , p. 7 ff.: "''...Dr. Wilhelm Bacher im Budapest ... am 25. Dezember...''" was a scholar, , [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
