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Swiss Socialist Federation
The Swiss Socialist Federation (french: Fédération socialiste suisse, abbreviated FSS) was a political party in Switzerland. Founding The FSS emerged from a split in the Swiss Socialist Party in 1939. On September 16, 1939 the Swiss Socialist Party expelled Léon Nicole and the party branches loyal to him, citing Nicole's defense of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. The majority of the Socialist Party members in Geneva sided with Nicole. In Vaud the Socialist Party was also divided, as the majority led by Jeanneret-Minkine sided with Nicole. In October 1939 Nicole began building a new inter-cantonal organization, mobilizing the organizations supporting him.Jeanneret, Pierre. Popistes: histoire du Parti ouvrier et populaire vaudois, 1943–2001'. Lausanne: Éd. d'en Bas, 2002. pp. 34–36 The FSS was founded at a meeting at the '' Maison du Peuple'' in Renens on December 3, 1939.Lang, Karl. Solidarité, débats, mouvement: cent ans de Parti socialiste suisse, 1888–1988'. Lausanne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or policy goals. Political parties have become a major part of the politics of almost every country, as modern party organizations developed and spread around the world over the last few centuries. It is extremely rare for a country to have no political parties. Some countries have only one political party while others have several. Parties are important in the politics of autocracies as well as democracies, though usually democracies have more political parties than autocracies. Autocracies often have a single party that governs the country, and some political scientists consider competition between two or more parties to be an essential part of democracy. Parties can develop from existing divisions in society, like the divisions betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Dicker
Jacques Dicker (1879, Khotyn, BessarabiaGattiker, Annetta. L'affaire Conradi'. Berne: H. Lang, 1975. p. 107 – 17 November 1942, GenevaHistorisches Lexikon Schweiz. Dicker, Jacques') was a Russian-born Swiss socialist politician and lawyer. Dicker was born in a wealthy Jewish family. His father, Moises, worked as a superintendent. Dicker took up Law studies in Kiev. He joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party as a young man. He was jailed and imprisoned several times due to his political activism. He migrated to Switzerland in 1906, fleeing the Czarist repression in the Russian empire.Association pour l'étude de l'histoire du mouvement ouvrier. Dossier L'héritage culturel'. Lausanne 17 (case postale 104): Association pour l'étude de l'histoire du mouvement ouvrier, 2003. p. 78 He continued his Law studies in his new homeland. He obtained his degree in 1909 and was admitted to the bar in 1915. He would become a prominent penal lawyer. Dicker became a Swiss citizen in 1915. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Establishments In Switzerland
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to work with Germans. *** The Youth Protection Act was passed on April 30, 1938 and the Working Hours Regulations came into effect. *** The Jews name change decree has gone into effect. ** The rest of the world *** In Spain, it becomes a duty of all young women under 25 to complete compulsory work service for one year. *** First edition of the Vienna New Year's Concert. *** The company of technology and manufacturing scientific instruments Hewlett-Packard, was founded in a garage in Palo Alto, California, by William (Bill) Hewlett and David Packard. This garage is now considered the birthplace of Silicon Valley. *** Sydney, in Australia, records temperature of 45 ˚C, the highest record for the city. *** Philipp Etter took ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Parties Established In 1939
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Parties In Switzerland
This is a list of political parties in Switzerland. Switzerland has a multi-party system. Since 1959, the four largest parties have formed a coalition government, according to a ' or " magic formula". This arithmetic formula divides the seven cabinet seats among representatives of the four largest parties.Pierre Cormon, Swiss Politics for Complete Beginners', Editions Slatkine, 2014, , p. 31–32 Political parties in Switzerland Federal and cantonal parliaments The following parties are represented either in the Swiss Federal Assembly as of March 2016 or in cantonal parliaments and executive councils. For their names in the 4 national languages of Switzerland, see #Names in the national languages below. For more detailed information on the political positions of some of the parties listed below, see here: For Swiss political party strength on the municipal level, see here: Minor parties The following groups or parties are not represented at either the cantonal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Party Of Labour
The Swiss Party of Labour (german: Partei der Arbeit der Schweiz; french: Parti Suisse du Travail – Parti Ouvrier et Populaire; it, Partito Svizzero del Lavoro – Partito Operaio e Popolare; rm, Partida svizra da la lavur) is a communist party in Switzerland. It is associated with the European United Left–Nordic Green Left group in the European Parliament, although Switzerland is not in the EU. History The party was founded in 1944 by the illegal Communist Party of Switzerland. On 21 May the constituent conference of the Basel Federation of the party was held. On 14–15 October the same year the first Party Congress of the party was held in Zürich. Léon Nicole was elected President and Karl Hofmaier General Secretary. On 6–7 October 1945 the Second Congress was held in Geneva. By this time the party had 20 000 members. On 30 November - 1 December the 3rd Congress in Zürich. On 27 July a Swiss Party Conference was held in Bern. Karl Hofmaier was removed from his pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Browder
Earl Russell Browder (May 20, 1891 – June 27, 1973) was an American politician, communist activist and leader of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). Browder was the General Secretary of the CPUSA during the 1930s and first half of the 1940s. During World War I, Browder served time in federal prison as a conscientious objector to conscription and the war. Upon his release, Browder became an active member of the American Communist movement, soon working as an organizer on behalf of the Communist International and its Red International of Labor Unions in China and the Pacific region. In 1930, following the removal of a rival political faction from leadership, Browder was made General Secretary of the CPUSA. For the next 15 years thereafter Browder was the most recognizable public figure associated with American Communism, authoring dozens of pamphlets and books, making numerous public speeches before sometimes vast audiences, and twice running for President of the United States. Browd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist International
The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was a Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress to "struggle by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the state". The Comintern was preceded by the 1916 dissolution of the Second International. The Comintern held seven World Congresses in Moscow between 1919 and 1935. During that period, it also conducted thirteen Enlarged Plenums of its governing Executive Committee, which had much the same function as the somewhat larger and more grandiose Congresses. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union, dissolved the Comintern in 1943 to avoid antagonizing his allies in the later years of World War II, the United States and the United Kingdom. It wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gottlieb Duttweiler
Gottlieb Duttweiler (15 August 1888 – 8 June 1962) was a Swiss businessman and politician, founder of both the Migros chain of grocery stores and the Alliance of Independents (''Landesring der Unabhängigen'') party. Life and work Duttweiler was born in Zürich. Starting with five vehicles in 1925, his Migros eventually opened stores and is today one of the main grocery chains in Switzerland. The original secret to his success was bringing daily necessities to the consumer by excluding the middlemen. As a result, many producers initially chose to boycott Migros, and Duttweiler's Migros would itself manufacture or package those missing products. In 1941, Gottlieb and his wife Adele Duttweiler transferred ownership of Migros to their customers, as a cooperative. Duttweiler also required that Migros contribute a percentage of profits (actual from the total revenue) to cultural, athletic, and hobby-related activities. This led to the Migros-club-schools and several hobby courses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ring Of Independents
The Alliance of Independents, Ring of Independents, or National Ring of Independents, (german: Landesring der Unabhängigen (LdU), french: Alliance des Indépendants (AdI), it, Anello degli Indipendenti) was a social liberal political party in Switzerland that existed between 1936 and 1999. History of the party Formation Gottlieb Duttweiler – the founder of Migros, a retail business and consumer cooperative – was dissatisfied with the state of Swiss politics in the 1930s and therefore founded the Alliance of Independents with a group of like-minded people as an association. According to its statutes, it was not meant to be a political party at first but to be an association to help to reconcile capitalists and workers. From the beginning, the LdU also served the interests of the Migros cooperative, successfully lobbying against legislation that impeded its business model by restricting networks of general stores or sales by trucks (one of Migros' marketing strategies). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Rappard
William Emmanuel Rappard (April 22, 1883, New York City – April 29, 1958) was a Swiss academic and diplomat. Rappard was as a co-founder of the Graduate Institute of International Studies (now IHEID), Professor of Economic History at the University of Geneva, Rector of the University of Geneva in 1926, Director of the Mandate Section of the League of Nations Secretariat (and as a member of the Permanent Mandates Commission for all 18 years of its active life), and Swiss Representative at the International Labour Organization (ILO), as well as at the United Nations Organization (UN) and at the United States Embassy. Early life William Emmanuel Rappard was born in New York to Swiss parents. His father worked as a representative of various Swiss industries in the United States. Rappard moved to Switzerland at the age of 17. William Rappard graduated from Harvard University in 1908. Between 1908 and 1909 he did additional study at the University of Vienna in Austria-Hungary. Caree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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