Stéphane Charbonnier
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Stéphane Charbonnier
Stéphane Jean-Abel Michel Charbonnier (; 21 August 1967 – 7 January 2015), better known as Charb (), was a French satirical caricaturist and journalist. He was assassinated during the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting on 7 January 2015. He worked for several newspapers and magazines, joining ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1992 and becoming the director of publication in 2009. Due to the publication of Muhammad cartoons, Charb became subject to death threats from extremist Muslims. From the time the magazine was firebombed in 2011, he lived under police protection until his assassination. The police officer protecting Charb on 7 January 2015 was also killed by the shooters. Early life Stéphane Charbonnier was born in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine on 21 August 1967 and raised in Pontoise, the son of Michel Jean-Marie Charbonnier. His mother, Denise Renée-Marie Charbonnier, née Ouvrard, worked as a secretary and his father worked as a technician for Postes, télégraphes et téléphones.Lu ...
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Charlie Hebdo
''Charlie Hebdo'' (; meaning ''Charlie Weekly'') is a French satirical weekly magazine, featuring cartoons, reports, polemics, and jokes. Stridently non-conformist in tone, the publication has been described as Anti-racism, anti-racist, sceptical, secular, and within the tradition of left-wing Radical politics, radicalism, publishing articles about the History of far-right movements in France, far-right (especially the French nationalist National Front (France), National Front party), religion (Catholicism in France, Catholicism, Islam in France, Islam and Judaism in France, Judaism), Politics of France, politics and Culture of France, culture. The magazine has been the target of three terrorist attacks: in 2011, 2015, and 2020. All of them were presumed to be in response to a number of cartoons that it published controversially Depictions of Muhammad, depicting Muhammad. In Charlie Hebdo shooting, the second of these attacks, 12 people were killed, including publishing director ...
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Luc Le Vaillant
Luc Le Vaillant (born 1958, Landivisiau) is a French journalist. Since 2000, he runs the "Portrait" section of the daily '' Libération''. Biography The son of a general practitioner and a mother professor of Italian and French, he is the eldest of a family of six children. He spent his childhood at Plougasnou where he became passionate about sailing, leading him to frequent the French Olympic team.Delphine Le Goff« Luc Le Vaillant, dandy libertaire »on ', 18 October 2012Gwénaëlle Loaëc« Luc Le Vaillant : tireur d’élites »on '' Bretons (magazine)'', 1 June 2009 After studying philosophy at Brest and the Sorbonne, he graduated from the of Paris in 1984, and began his career in sailing magazines. He was director of the French Committee for the America's Cup presided by Jean Glavany and then joined the cabinet of Louis Le Pensec, Minister of the DOM-TOM, to write his speeches. In 1990, Luc Le Vaillant joined the sports department of ''Libération'' and in 1995 the "Por ...
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M6 (TV Channel)
M6 (), also known as , is the most profitable private national French public television channel and the third most watched television network in the French-speaking world. M6 is the head channel of the M6 Group media empire that owns several TV channels, magazines, publications, movie production and media-related firms etc. It is owned by RTL Group. On 20 May 2021 it was announced that M6 Group, owners of the channel, has proposed a merger with TF1 Group, which owns TF1. On September 16, 2022, it was announced that the merger was officially abandoned. History M6 launched on 1 March 1987 at 11:15 am CET taking the place of TV6 (French TV channel), TV6. M6's current on-air brand image, introduced in May 2020 suggests that it tailors its service to teenagers and young-adult demographics. Its current programs lineup include: * French TV shows: ''Les Bleus (TV show), Les Bleus'', ''Scènes de Ménages'', ''Vous les femmmes (TV series), Vous les femmes'' * French TV programs : ...
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Le Devoir
''Le Devoir'' (, "Duty") is a French-language newspaper published in Montreal and distributed in Quebec and throughout Canada. It was founded by journalist and politician Henri Bourassa in 1910. ''Le Devoir'' is one of few independent large-circulation newspapers in Quebec (and one of the few in Canada) in a market dominated by the media conglomerate Quebecor (including '' Le Journal de Montréal''). Historically ''Le Devoir'' was considered Canada's francophone newspaper of record, although in the 21st century it has been challenged for that title by the increased status of competitor '' La Presse''. History Henri Bourassa, a young Liberal Party MP from Montreal, rose to national prominence in 1899 when he resigned his seat in Parliament in protest at the Liberal government's decision to send troops to support the British in the South African War of 1899–1902. Bourassa was opposed to all Canadian participation in British wars and would go on to become a key figure in fi ...
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Fluide Glacial
''Fluide Glacial'' () is a monthly Franco-Belgian comics magazine and a publishing house founded on 1 April 1975 by Gotlib, Alexis and . It's one of the most successful comics magazine in France, along with Métal Hurlant. Since its foundation, it has featured the work of French and international authors and graphic artists such as , Jacques Lob, Luc Nisset, Édika, Claire Bretécher, , François Boucq, Moebius, Masse, Jean-Claude Mézières, Loup, Daniel Goossens, Stéphane Charbonnier, Tignous and André Franquin. Nowadays it also features the work of a new generation of authors and comics artists such as Riad Sattouf, , , , and Romain Dutreix. It was owned by Groupe Flammarion from 1995 until 2016, when it was bought by Bamboo Édition Bamboo Édition is a French comics publisher, mostly specializing in humor series. Their manga imprint, Doki-Doki, was established in April 2006. Doki-Doki Titles *'' 7 Billion Needles'' *''Antimagia'' *''Atori shō'' *''Aya no shi ...
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Scatology
In medicine and biology, scatology or coprology is the study of feces. Scatological studies allow one to determine a wide range of biological information about a creature, including its diet (and thus where it has been), health and diseases such as tapeworms. A comprehensive study of scatology was documented by John Gregory Bourke under the title '' Rites of All Nations'' (1891), with a 1913 German translation including a foreword by Sigmund Freud. An abbreviated version of the work was published as ''The Portable Scatalog'' in 1994. Etymology The word derives from the Greek ( ) meaning "dung, feces"; ''coprology'' derives from the Greek of similar meaning. Psychology In psychology, a scatology is an obsession with excretion or excrement, or the study of such obsessions. In sexual fetishism, scatology (usually abbreviated ''scat'') refers to coprophilia, when a being is sexually aroused by fecal matter, whether in the use of feces in various sexual acts, watching someo ...
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L'Humanité
''L'Humanité'' (; ), is a French daily newspaper. It was previously an organ of the French Communist Party, and maintains links to the party. Its slogan is "In an ideal world, ''L'Humanité'' would not exist." History and profile Pre-World War II ''L'Humanité'' was founded in 1902 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Jaurès also edited the paper until his assassination on 31 July 1914. When the Socialists split at the 1920 Tours Congress, the Communists took control of ''L'Humanité''. Therefore, it became a communist paper despite its socialist origin. The PCF has published it ever since. The PCF owns 40 per cent of the paper with the remaining shares held by staff, readers and "friends" of the paper. The paper is also sustained by the annual ''Fête de l'Humanité'', held in the working class suburbs of Paris, at Le Bourget, near Aubervilliers, and to a lesser extent elsewhere in the country. The fortunes of ''L'Humanité' ...
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Télérama
''Télérama'' is a weekly French cultural and television magazine published in Paris, France. The name is a contraction of its earlier title: ''Télévision-Radio-Cinéma''. Fabienne Pascaud is currently managing editor. Ludovic Desautez is deputy editor for digital. Valérie Hurier is deputy editor for print. History and profile ''Télérama'' was established in 1947. Its founder was the Christian journalist Georges Montaron. The magazine had been published by Hachette Filipacchi until 2001 when it began to be published by Quebecor World Inc. The magazine has been owned by La Vie-Le Monde since 2003. It is published on a weekly basis on Wednesdays by Publications de la Vie Catholique. The magazine had a Christianity-oriented political stance. The headquarters of ''Télérama'' is in Paris. Its primary contents are television and radio listings, though the magazine also prints film, theatre, music and book reviews, as well as cover stories and feature articles of cultural int ...
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L'Écho Des Savanes
''L’Écho des Savanes'' is a Franco-Belgian comics magazine founded in May 1972 by Claire Bretécher, Marcel Gotlib and Nikita Mandryka. It featured the work of French and international authors and graphic artists in mature-oriented comics over the course of 34 years and temporarily ended publication in December 2006. It was relaunched in 2008. History The first issue of ''L’Écho des Savanes'' was published on May 1, 1972. It was the only issue that year, although popular demand caused it to be reprinted in several editions. All its pages (except for the cover) were in black and white and exclusively contained the work of its founders, Bretécher, Gotlib and Mandryka. Marked as a publication for adults, it staked a different course than ''Pilote'' magazine, the family-friendly publication the founders had a long relationship with. Over the following two years, it was a quarterly publication. Only near the end of this period, work by other creators began to appear, such as Ale ...
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Le Parisien
''Le Parisien'' (; French for "The Parisian") is a French daily newspaper covering both international and national news, and local news of Paris and its suburbs. It is owned by LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE, better known as LVMH. History and profile The paper was established as ''Le Parisien libéré'' (meaning "The Freed Parisian" in English) by Émilien Amaury in 1944, and was published for the first time on 22 August 1944. The paper was originally launched as the organ of the French underground during the German occupation of France in World War II. The name was changed to the current one in 1986. A national edition exists, called ''Aujourd'hui en France'' (meaning "Today in France" in English). LVMH acquired the paper from Éditions Philippe Amaury in 2015. Circulation ''Le Parisien'' had a circulation near to one million copies in the early 1970s. The paper reached a circulation of 659,200 copies on 24 April 1995, the day after the first round of the presidentia ...
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Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône
Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône () is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris, in the "new town" of Cergy-Pontoise, created in the 1960s. Population Transport Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône is served by two interchange stations on Paris RER C line and on the Transilien Paris-Nord suburban rail line: Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône-Liesse and Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône. Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône is also served by two other stations on the Transilien Paris-Nord suburban rail line: Épluches and Pont-Petit. Finally, Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône is also served by Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône-Quartier de l'Église station on the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare suburban rail line. Education Schools in the commune include: *Four sets of preschools (''maternelles'') and elementary schools: Matisse, Prairie, Jean Effel, Le Nôtre
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