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Stylidiaceae
The family Stylidiaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It consists of five genera with over 240 species, most of which are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Members of Stylidiaceae are typically grass-like herbs or small shrubs and can be perennials or annuals. Most species are free standing or self-supporting, though a few can be climbing or scrambling ('' Stylidium scandens'' uses leaf tips recurved into hooks to climb). The pollination mechanisms of '' Stylidium'' and ''Levenhookia'' are as follows: In ''Stylidium'' the floral column, which consists of the fused stamen and style, springs violently from one side (usually under the flower) when triggered. This deposits the pollen on a visiting insect. In ''Levenhookia'', however, the column is immobile, but the hooded labellum is triggered and sheds pollen. In 1981, only about 155 species were known in the family. The current number of species by genus (reported in 2002) is as follows: ''Forstera'' - 5, '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donatioideae
''Donatia'' is a genus of two cushion plant species in the family Stylidiaceae. The name commemorates Vitaliano Donati, an Italian botanist. ''Donatia'' has been placed in the subfamily Donatioideae, described by Johannes Mildbraed in his 1908 taxonomic monograph of the family Stylidiaceae. The subfamily was created to distinguish the difference between the single genus ''Donatia'' from the five typical genera of the Stylidiaceae that Mildbraed placed in the Stylidioideae subfamily.Mildbraed, J. (1908). Stylidiaceae. ''In'' Engler, A. ''Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetabilis conspectus'', IV. 278. Leipzig, 1908. The subfamily taxonomy represented the taxonomic uncertainty of ''Donatia'', which had at one point also been placed in the Saxifragaceae.Wagstaff, S.J. and Wege, J. (2002)Patterns of diversification in New Zealand Stylidiaceae. ''American Journal of Botany'', 89(5): 865-874.Good, R. (1925). On the geographical distribution of the Stylidiaceae. ''New Phytologist'', 24(4): 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donatia
''Donatia'' is a genus of two cushion plant species in the family Stylidiaceae. The name commemorates Vitaliano Donati, an Italian botanist. ''Donatia'' has been placed in the subfamily Donatioideae, described by Johannes Mildbraed in his 1908 taxonomic monograph of the family Stylidiaceae. The subfamily was created to distinguish the difference between the single genus ''Donatia'' from the five typical genera of the Stylidiaceae that Mildbraed placed in the Stylidioideae subfamily.Mildbraed, J. (1908). Stylidiaceae. ''In'' Engler, A. ''Das Pflanzenreich: Regni vegetabilis conspectus'', IV. 278. Leipzig, 1908. The subfamily taxonomy represented the taxonomic uncertainty of ''Donatia'', which had at one point also been placed in the Saxifragaceae.Wagstaff, S.J. and Wege, J. (2002)Patterns of diversification in New Zealand Stylidiaceae. ''American Journal of Botany'', 89(5): 865-874.Good, R. (1925). On the geographical distribution of the Stylidiaceae. ''New Phytologist'', 24(4): 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreostylidium
''Oreostylidium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Stylidiaceae with a single species, ''Oreostylidium subulatum'', that is endemic to New Zealand. ''O. subulatum'' is a very small plant with small, white flowers. It has a complicated botanical history that has led to a few proposals to move ''Oreostylidium'' to the related genus ''Stylidium''. The researchers cite molecular data and suspect that this species is an extreme example of floral paedomorphosis. This would not be an unprecedented move since the single species was initially described as ''Stylidium subulatum'' in 1864 and later moved to its own genus by Sven Berggren in 1878. It possesses the same kind of glandular trichomes underneath the flower that make ''Stylidium'' species carnivorous plants, but it has not yet been tested for the presence of digestive enzymes. Characteristics ''Oreostylidium subulatum'' is a very small, cæspitose, and densely tufted plant about 2–3 cm tall. The 2 cm long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stylidium Amoenum
''Stylidium'' (also known as triggerplants or trigger plants) is a genus of dicotyledonous plants that belong to the family Stylidiaceae. The genus name ''Stylidium'' is derived from the Greek ''στύλος'' or ''stylos'' (column or pillar), which refers to the distinctive reproductive structure that its flowers possess. Pollination is achieved through the use of the sensitive "trigger", which comprises the male and female reproductive organs fused into a floral column that snaps forward quickly in response to touch, harmlessly covering the insect in pollen. Most of the approximately 300 species are only found in Australia, making it the fifth largest genus in that country. Triggerplants are considered to be protocarnivorous or carnivorous because the glandular trichomes that cover the scape and flower can trap, kill, and digest small insects with protease enzymes produced by the plant. Recent research has raised questions as to the status of protocarnivory within ''Stylidium.' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stylidium
''Stylidium'' (also known as triggerplants or trigger plants) is a genus of dicotyledonous plants that belong to the family Stylidiaceae. The genus name ''Stylidium'' is derived from the Greek ''στύλος'' or ''stylos'' (column or pillar), which refers to the distinctive reproductive structure that its flowers possess. Pollination is achieved through the use of the sensitive "trigger", which comprises the male and female reproductive organs fused into a floral column that snaps forward quickly in response to touch, harmlessly covering the insect in pollen. Most of the approximately 300 species are only found in Australia, making it the fifth largest genus in that country. Triggerplants are considered to be protocarnivorous or carnivorous because the glandular trichomes that cover the scape and flower can trap, kill, and digest small insects with protease enzymes produced by the plant. Recent research has raised questions as to the status of protocarnivory within ''Stylidium. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levenhookia
''Levenhookia'', also known as the styleworts, is a genus of ten recognized species in the family Stylidiaceae and is endemic to Australia. The genus is restricted to Western Australia almost exclusively with a few exceptions: '' L. pusilla'''s range extends into South Australia, '' L. dubia'''s range extends through South Australia into Victoria and New South Wales, '' L. sonderi'' is native only to Victoria, and '' L. chippendalei'' is also found in the Northern Territory.Erickson, R. and Willis, J.H. (1966). Some additions to Australian Stylidiaceae. ''Victorian Naturalist'', 83: 107-112.Carlquist, S. (1969). Studies in Stylidiaceae: New taxa, field observations, evolutionary tendencies. ''Aliso'', 7(1): 13-64. All species of ''Levenhookia'' possess a sensitive labellum that performs a similar function to the column of ''Stylidium'' species. The labellum responds to touch and enables the plants to promote cross-pollination and avoid self-pollination. Most species of ''Levenh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllachne
''Phyllachne'' is a genus of four cushion plant species in the family Stylidiaceae. Of the four species, two are endemic to New Zealand, while '' P. colensoi'' is also native to Tasmania and '' P. uliginosa'' is entirely endemic to southern South America and is the only species in the Stylidiaceae native to the Americas. The movement of ''P. colensoi'' to colonize Tasmania is a relatively recent move. Molecular studies group ''P. colensoi'', '' P. clavigera'', and '' P. rubra'' together in one clade with ''P. uliginosa'' in the sister clade. Based on molecular clock The molecular clock is a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used for such calculations are usually nucleoti ... data of the ''rbcL'' gene, it is estimated that ''P. uliginosa'' last shared a common ancestor with the New Zealand clade about 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forstera
''Forstera'' is a genus of small perennial plants in the Stylidiaceae family named in honour of the German naturalists Johann Reinhold Forster and his son, Georg Forster, who had previously described ''Forsteras sister genus, ''Phyllachne'' just five years earlier. It comprises five species that are endemic to New Zealand with the exception of '' F. bellidifolia'', which is endemic to Tasmania. The species in this genus resemble those in a subgenus of the related genus '' Stylidium'' called '' Forsteropsis'', but they are more closely related to the genus ''Phyllachne''. Proposals to merge the two genera based on information from cladistic analysis have emerged because of these genera's morphological similarities and evidence that they are paraphyletic. Description The species in ''Forstera'' are generally erect or decumbent perennials with small imbricate leaves and pedicellate, actinomorphic flowers.Good, R. (1925)On the geographical distribution of the Stylidiaceae ''New P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stylidium Scandens
''Stylidium scandens'' (the climbing triggerplant) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus '' Stylidium'' (family Stylidiaceae). ''S. scandens'' is endemic to Australia and is found primarily in the southwestern region of Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th .... This species, along with '' Stylidium nymphaeum'',''Nuytsia'' 20:104-107, Figs 2e-g, 7 (2010Stylidium miscellany 1: typifications and new taxa from south-west Western Australia/ref> has a unique characteristic among triggerplants in that its leaves, five centimetres (two inches) long, end in a recurved barb that can grab hold of other vegetation and scramble or climb up to 30–60 cm in height over other plants, which is how it obtained its common name. Its flowers are bright p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Mildbraed
Gottfried Wilhelm Johannes Mildbraed (19 December 1879 – 24 December 1954) was a German botanist that specialized in mosses, ferns, and various spermatophytes. He is well known for authoring the most current monograph and taxonomic treatment of the family Stylidiaceae in 1908 as part of the unfinished ''Das Pflanzenreich'' series. The genus ''Mildbraediodendron'' was named in honor of him.Quattrocchi, U. 1999. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology.' CRC Press. pp. 1691. References 1879 births 1954 deaths 20th-century German botanists {{Germany-botanist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Column (botany)
The column, or technically the gynostemium, is a reproductive structure that can be found in several plant families: Aristolochiaceae, Orchidaceae, and Stylidiaceae. It is derived from the fusion of both male and female parts (stamens and pistil) into a single organ. The top part of the column is formed by the anther, which is covered by an anther cap. This means that the ''style'' and ''stigma'' of the pistil, with the filaments and one or more anthers, are all united. Orchidaceae The stigma sits at the apex of the column in the front but is pointing downwards after resupination (the rotation by 180 degrees before unfolding of the flower). This stigma has the form of a small bowl, the clinandrium, a viscous surface embedding the (generally) single anther. On top of it all is the anther cap. Sometimes there is a small extension or little beak to the median stigma lobe, called rostellum. Column wings may project laterally from the stigma. The column foot is formed by the atta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
