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Stygnidae
The Stygnidae are a family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores. Name The name of the type genus is derived from Ancient Greek ''stygnos'' "diabolic being". (2007): Stygnidae Simon, 1879. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 226ff Description Body length ranges from about one to six millimeters. The color ranges from light brown to reddish. Some Heterostygninae have white patches, stripes or spots on the dorsal scutum. Distribution The Heterostygninae are found in the Lesser Antilles, Nomoclastinae are endemic to Colombia, and the Stygninae live from north of the Tropic of Capricorn (central South America). Most species live in the Amazonian rainforest. However, half the species have only been collected once, so distribution of species is poorly known. Relationships The Stygnidae are sister to Cosmetidae and Gonyleptidae, and belong to the same group inside Gonyleptoidea as these and Cranaidae and Manaosbiidae. The Stygnidae are monophyletic. Genera See t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Stygnidae Species
{{Short description, none This is a list of the described species of the harvestman family Stygnidae. The data is taken from Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog. Heterostygninae Heterostygninae Roewer, 1913 * '' Eutimesius'' Roewer, 1913 :* '' Eutimesius albicinctus'' (Roewer, 1915) — Venezuela :* '' Eutimesius ephippiatus'' (Roewer, 1915) — Colombia :* '' Eutimesius ornatus'' (Roewer, 1943) — Colombia, Venezuela :* '' Eutimesius simoni'' Roewer, 1913 — Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador * '' Innoxius'' Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 :* '' Innoxius magnus'' (Caporiacco, 1951) — Venezuela * ''Minax'' Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 :* '' Minax tetraspinosus'' Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 — Venezuela * '' Stenostygnellus'' Roewer, 1913 :* '' Stenostygnellus flavolimbatus'' Roewer, 1913 — Venezuela :* '' Stenostygnellus macrochelis'' (Roewer, 1917) — Venezuela * '' Stygnidius'' Simon, 1879 :* '' Stygnidius guerinii'' Sørensen, 1932 — French Guayana :* '' Stygnidius inflatus'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutimesius
The genus ''Eutimesius'' has four species described, is diagnosed by the cephalotorax with one enlarged eminence ; dorsal scute with white spots; area III with two spines; and the penis with distal U-shaped cleft, ventral plate narrow and long at base; stylus with dorsal process and the basal half of the glans membranous (Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997) Species *'' Eutimesius albicinctus'' (Roewer, 1915) - Mérida, VENEZUELA. *'' Eutimesius ephippiatus'' (Roewer, 1915) - Quindina-Linia?, COLOMBIA. *'' Eutimesius ornatus'' (Roewer, 1943) - Bogotá, Cundinamarca, COLOMBIA; Táchira, VENEZUELA. *'' Eutimesius simoni'' Roewer, 1913 - Loreto, PERU; Guainia, COLOMBIA; Napo, Los Ríos, ECUADOR; Amazonas BRAZIL. Harvestmen {{Opiliones-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmetidae
Cosmetidae is a family of harvestmen in the suborder Laniatores. With over 700 species, it is one of the largest families in Opiliones. They are distributed from Argentina to the southern USA with the highest diversity in northern South America, Central America and Mexico. This Nearctic-Neotropical family comprises Opiliones with elaborate white/yellow/green/orange/red stripes and spots on the dorsal scutum and peculiar pedipalps strongly compressed and applied on the chelicerae. Name The family name is derived from the type genus ''Cosmetus'', which is from the Greek language, Greek ''kosmetós'' 'ornate'. Differential external anatomy * Eye mound is very low, saddle shaped, placed on middle of cephalothorax, each ocular globe bears a crest of small pointed tubercles or is smooth. Ozopores slit-like, one opening partially covered by tubercle of coxa II. Scutal areas are often indistinct; sometimes the sulci can be distinguished by color pattern or absence of tubercles; scutum a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonyleptidae
Gonyleptidae is a neotropical family of harvestmen (Order Opiliones) with more than 800 species, the largest in the Suborder Laniatores and the second largest of the Opiliones as a whole. The largest known harvestmen are gonyleptids. Like most harvestmen, gonyleptids are almost exclusively nocturnal, except some Caelopyginae, Goniosomatinae, (during reproductive season), Gonyleptinae, Mitobatinae, Pachylinae and Progonyleptoidellinae. Most species inhabit dense tropical, subtropical and temperate (Chile) forests, but some occur in open vegetation as the Pampas, the Cerrado, and the Caatinga. There are some species that live in caves, but only three troglobites are recorded for the family. Name The family is named after the type genus ''Gonyleptes'', which is derived from Greek ''gony, gonatos'' = joint, knee + ''leptos, ê, on'' = thin, fine, delicate. Gg Diagnosis Laniatores with coxa IV immensely developed, widely surpassing dorsal scutum in dorsal view in most species. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opiliones
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014. Representatives of each extant suborder can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France. These fossils look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body shape developed very early on, and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed; their closest relatives may be the mites (Acari) or the Novogenuata (the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Solifugae). Althou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvestmen
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014. Representatives of each extant suborder can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France. These fossils look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body shape developed very early on, and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed; their closest relatives may be the mites (Acari) or the Novogenuata (the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Solifugae). Altho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonyleptoidea
Gonyleptoidea is the most diverse superfamily of the Grassatores. It includes around 2,500 species distributed in the tropics. They are characterized by the simplified male genitalia, with the glans free subapical in the truncus. Gonyleptoidea is the only group of harvestmen to show maternal care of offspring. Families * Agoristenidae Šilhavý, 1973 * Cosmetidae Koch, 1839 * Cranaidae Roewer, 1913 * Cryptogeobiiidae Kury, 2014 * Gerdesiidae Bragagnolo, Hara & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2015 *Gonyleptidae Sundevall, 1833 * Manaosbiidae Roewer, 1943 * Metasarcidae Kury, 1994 * Otilioleptidae Acosta, 2019 *Stygnidae The Stygnidae are a family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores. Name The name of the type genus is derived from Ancient Greek ''stygnos'' "diabolic being". (2007): Stygnidae Simon, 1879. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 2 ... Simon, 1879 The following families were transferred to superfamily Assamioidea: * Assamiidae Sørensen, 1884 * Stygnopsida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cranaidae
The Cranaidae are a family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores. Name The name of the type genus is derived from Cranaus, the successor of Cecrops I as king of Attica in Greek mythology. (2007): Cranaidae Roewer, 1913. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 185ff Description Body length ranges from about six to sixteen millimeters. The color normally ranges from brown to black greenish, with the legs sometimes lighter to yellowish. Some species feature white stripes on some regions. Distribution Most species are found in northern South America, with few species found in Panama and Costa Rica. The diversity of the family is probably explained by the diversity of habitats in the cloud forests of Ecuador and Colombia, ranging from elevations of 500 to 3,500 m. Some species were even collected from elevations as high as 5,000 meters. Relationships The four subfamilies constituting the Cranaidae were transferred from Gonyleptidae by Kury (1994), erecting it as a sis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manaosbiidae
The Manaosbiidae are a family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores. Name The name of the type genus is combined from Manaus and Ancient Greek ''bios'' "living". (2007): Manaosbiidae. Roewer, 1943. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 210ff Description Body length ranges from about three to ten millimeters. Most species are dark brown with black mottling. Appendages are in general much lighter, often with dark rings. Distribution The Manaosbiidae occur south from Panama, with a southern limit in Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). They inhabit lowland Amazonian rainforest up to submontane Andean forests, dry forests in Central America, and riparian forests in Brazil. Relationships The relationship of Manaosbiidae with other families within the Gonyleptoidea is unclear. Species Manaosbiinae * '' Azulamus'' Roewer, 1957 :* '' Azulamus scabrissimus'' Roewer, 1957 – Peru * '' Barrona'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942 :* '' Barrona williamsi'' Goodnight & Goodnight, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropic Of Capricorn
The Tropic of Capricorn (or the Southern Tropic) is the circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point at the December (or southern) solstice. It is thus the southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead. It also reaches 90 degrees below the horizon at solar midnight on the June Solstice. Its northern equivalent is the Tropic of Cancer. The Tropic of Capricorn is one of the five major circles of latitude marked on maps of Earth. Its latitude is currently south of the Equator, but it is very gradually moving northward, currently at the rate of 0.47 arcseconds, or 15 metres, per year. Less than 3% of the world's population lives south of it; this is equivalent to about 30% of the population of the Southern Hemisphere. Name When this line of latitude was named in the last centuries BC, the Sun was in the constellation Capricornus at the December solstice. This is the date each year when the Sun reaches zenith at this latitude, the southernmost l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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