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Stream Gage
A stream gauge, streamgage or stream gauging station is a location used by hydrologists or environmental scientists to monitor and test terrestrial bodies of water. Hydrometric measurements of water level surface elevation ("stage") and/or volumetric discharge (flow) are generally taken and observations of biota and water quality may also be made. The locations of gauging stations are often found on topographical maps. Some gauging stations are highly automated and may include telemetry capability transmitted to a central data logging facility. Measurement equipment Automated direct measurement of streamflow discharge is difficult at present. In place of the direct measurement of streamflow discharge, one or more surrogate measurements can be used to produce discharge values. In the majority of cases, a stage (the elevation of the water surface) measurement is used as the surrogate. Low gradient (or shallow-sloped) streams are highly influenced by variable downstream cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brant Broughton Gauging Station - Geograph
Brant may refer to: Places * Brant County, Ontario, Canada ** Brant (electoral district), Ontario, Canada ** Brant North, Ontario, Canada ** Brant South, Ontario, Canada ** Brant South (provincial electoral district), Ontario, Canada ** Brant—Wentworth, Ontario, Canada ** Brantford, Ontario, Canada * Brantville, New Brunswick, Canada * Brant, Alberta, Canada * Brant Broughton, a village in Lincolnshire, England * Brant Fell, a hill in the Lake District, North West England * Brant Island, Massachusetts, United States * Brant Township, Michigan, United States * Brant, New York, United States * Brant Lake, New York, United States * Brant, Wisconsin, United States People * Brant (surname), people with the surname Brant * Brant Alyea, American former professional baseball outfielder * Brant Bjork, American musician * Brant Boyer, American former football linebacker * Brant Brown, American hitting coach * Brant Chambers, Australian rules footballer * Brant Col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Thames
The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. The river rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flows into the North Sea near Tilbury, Essex and Gravesend, Kent, via the Thames Estuary. From the west it flows through Oxford (where it is sometimes called the Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The Thames also drains the whole of Greater London. In August 2022, the source of the river moved five miles to beyond Somerford Keynes due to the heatwave in July 2022. The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. Its tidal section includes most of its London stretch and has a rise and fall of . From Oxford to the Estuary the Thames drops by 55 metres. Running through some of the drier parts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauging Station Plaque, Dovedale - Geograph
Gauge ( or ) may refer to: Measurement * Gauge (instrument), any of a variety of measuring instruments * Gauge (firearms) * Wire gauge, a measure of the size of a wire ** American wire gauge, a common measure of nonferrous wire diameter, especially electrical ** Birmingham gauge, a measure of ferrous wire and hypodermic needle diameter ** Jewelry wire gauge, the size of wire used in jewelry making * Sheet metal gauge, thickness of metal in sheet form * Film gauge, a physical property of film stock which defines its size * The size of objects used in stretching (body piercing), especially earrings * Gauge block, a metal or ceramic block of precisely known dimension, used in measuring * Sight glass, also known as a water gauge, for measuring liquid level heights in storage tanks and pressure vessels * Boost gauge, a gauge used in conjunction with turbo-super-chargers * Pressure gauge or vacuum gauge, see pressure measurement * Gauge pressure, pressure above ambient pressu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is a hydroacoustic current meter similar to a sonar, used to measure water current velocities over a depth range using the Doppler effect of sound waves scattered back from particles within the water column. The term ADCP is a generic term for all acoustic current profilers, although the abbreviation originates from an instrument series introduced by RD Instruments in the 1980s. The working frequencies range of ADCPs range from 38 kHz to several megahertz. The device used in the air for wind speed profiling using sound is known as '' SODAR'' and works with the same underlying principles. Working principle ADCPs contain piezoelectric transducers to transmit and receive sound signals. The traveling time of sound waves gives an estimate of the distance. The frequency shift of the echo is proportional to the water velocity along the acoustic path. To measure 3D velocities, at least three beams are required. In rivers, only th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Current Meter
A current meter is an oceanographic device for flow measurement by mechanical, tilt, acoustical or electrical means. Different reference frames In physics, one distinguishes different reference frames depending on where the observer is located, this is the basics for the Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field in fluid dynamics: The observer can be either in the Moving frame (as for a Lagrangian drifter) or in a resting frame. * Lagrangian current meters measure the displacement of an oceanographic drifter, an unmoored buoy or a non-anchored ship's actual position to the position predicted by dead reckoning. * Eulerian current meters measure current passing a resting current meter. Types Mechanical Mechanical current meters are mostly based on counting the rotations of a propeller and are thus rotor current meters. A mid-20th-century realization is the Ekman current meter which drops balls into a container to count the number of rotations. The Roberts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic transducers and ultrasonic sensors are devices that generate or sense ultrasound energy. They can be divided into three broad categories: transmitters, receivers and transceivers. Transmitters convert electrical signals into ultrasound, receivers convert ultrasound into electrical signals, and transceivers can both transmit and receive ultrasound. Applications and performance Ultrasound can be used for measuring wind speed and direction (anemometer), tank or channel fluid level, and speed through air or water. For measuring speed or direction, a device uses multiple detectors and calculates the speed from the relative distances to particulates in the air or water. To measure tank or channel liquid level, and also sea level (tide gauge), the sensor measures the distance (ranging) to the surface of the fluid. Further applications include: humidifiers, sonar, medical ultrasonography, burglar alarms, non-destructive testing and wireless charging. Systems typically use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potentiometer
A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name. Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on audio equipment. Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used as position transducers, for example, in a joystick. Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the potentiometer would be comparable to the power in the controlled load. Nomenclature There are a number of terms in the electronics industry used to describe certain types of potentiometers: * slide pot or slider pot: a potentiom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotary Encoder
A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical device that converts the angular position or motion of a shaft or axle to analog or digital output signals. There are two main types of rotary encoder: absolute and incremental. The output of an absolute encoder indicates the current shaft position, making it an angle transducer. The output of an incremental encoder provides information about the ''motion'' of the shaft, which typically is processed elsewhere into information such as position, speed and distance. Rotary encoders are used in a wide range of applications that require monitoring or control, or both, of mechanical systems, including industrial controls, robotics, photographic lenses, computer input devices such as optomechanical mice and trackballs, controlled stress rheometers, and rotating radar platforms. Technologies * Mechanical: Also known as conductive encoders. A series of circumferential copper tracks etched onto a PCB is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staff (head) Gauge
A staff gauge or head gauge is calibrated scale which is used to provide a visual indication of liquid level. When installed perpendicular to an inclined or sloped surface, a staff gauge is usually calibrated so that the indicated level is the true vertical level. Staff gauges are commonly installed at stream gauging stations to indicate the water stage or water level. They are also used to indicate the level (and hence flow rate) in open channel primary devices (flumes or weirs); see discharge (hydrology). See also * Head (hydrology) * Level staff {{short description, Graduated rod used to measure differences between heights A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod, used with a levelling instrument to determine the difference in height between points ... {{water-stub Water supply Hydrology instrumentation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parshall Flume
The Parshall flume is an open channel flow metering device that was developed to measure the flow of surface waters and irrigation flows. The Parshall flume is a fixed hydraulic structure. It is used to measure volumetric flow rate in industrial discharges, municipal sewer lines, and influent/effluent flows in wastewater treatment plants. The Parshall flume accelerates flow through a contraction of both the parallel sidewalls and a drop in the floor at the flume throat. Under free-flow conditions the depth of water at specified location upstream of the flume throat can be converted to a rate of flow. Some states specify the use of Parshall flumes, by law, for certain situations (commonly water rights). The design of the Parshall flume is standardized under ASTM D1941, ISO 9826:1992, and JIS B7553-1993. The flumes are not patented and the discharge tables are not copyright protected. A total of 22 standard sizes of Parshall flumes have been developed, covering flow ranges from 0. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flume
A flume is a human-made channel for water, in the form of an open declined gravity chute whose walls are raised above the surrounding terrain, in contrast to a trench or ditch. Flumes are not to be confused with aqueducts, which are built to transport water, rather than transporting materials using flowing water as a flume does. Flumes route water from a diversion dam or weir to a desired materiel collection location. Flumes are usually made up of wood, metal or concrete. Many flumes took the form of wooden troughs elevated on trestles, often following the natural contours of the land. Originating as a part of a mill race, they were later used in the transportation of logs in the logging industry, known as a log flume. They were also extensively used in hydraulic mining and working placer deposits for gold, tin and other heavy minerals. Etymology The term ''flume'' comes from the Old French word ''flum'', from the Latin ''flumen'', meaning a river. It was formerly used for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
