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Stereocyclops
''Stereocyclops'' (common name: Brazilian dumpy frogs) is a small genus of Microhylidae, microhylid frogs. It is endemic to the Atlantic forest of eastern Brazil. Molecular phylogeny suggests that it is sister taxon to the clade containing ''Dasypops'' and ''Myersiella''. Description ''Stereocyclops'' can be defined by features of its osteology. In the skull, palatine bone is present, as is the posterior part of prevomer. The clavicle is fully developed and long. Furthermore, the dorsal coloration is light and sharply separated from the dark ventrum by a light line. The head is flattened and the mouth is relatively large. Notice, however, that at the time of this description, the genus was monotypic and ''Hyophryne'' was considered a separate genus; a thorough morphological study of the genus as presently understood is lacking. Beheavior One species, ''Stereocyclops parkeri'', is known to show defensive behavior that may enhance its cryptic appearance, giving an impression of a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereocyclops
''Stereocyclops'' (common name: Brazilian dumpy frogs) is a small genus of Microhylidae, microhylid frogs. It is endemic to the Atlantic forest of eastern Brazil. Molecular phylogeny suggests that it is sister taxon to the clade containing ''Dasypops'' and ''Myersiella''. Description ''Stereocyclops'' can be defined by features of its osteology. In the skull, palatine bone is present, as is the posterior part of prevomer. The clavicle is fully developed and long. Furthermore, the dorsal coloration is light and sharply separated from the dark ventrum by a light line. The head is flattened and the mouth is relatively large. Notice, however, that at the time of this description, the genus was monotypic and ''Hyophryne'' was considered a separate genus; a thorough morphological study of the genus as presently understood is lacking. Beheavior One species, ''Stereocyclops parkeri'', is known to show defensive behavior that may enhance its cryptic appearance, giving an impression of a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereocyclops Palmipes
''Stereocyclops'' (common name: Brazilian dumpy frogs) is a small genus of microhylid frogs. It is endemic to the Atlantic forest of eastern Brazil. Molecular phylogeny suggests that it is sister taxon to the clade containing ''Dasypops'' and '' Myersiella''. Description ''Stereocyclops'' can be defined by features of its osteology. In the skull, palatine bone is present, as is the posterior part of prevomer. The clavicle is fully developed and long. Furthermore, the dorsal coloration is light and sharply separated from the dark ventrum by a light line. The head is flattened and the mouth is relatively large. Notice, however, that at the time of this description, the genus was monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ... and ''Hyophryne'' was considered a separate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereocyclops Parkeri
''Stereocyclops parkeri'' is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil and known from the southwestern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro and from Ilha de São Sebastião ("Ilhabela"), São Paulo state. For a period it was treated as a synonym of '' Stereocyclops incrassatus'', but is now recognized as valid species. Etymology The specific name ''parkeri'' honors Hampton Wildman Parker, an English zoologist and herpetologist. It is sometimes known with the common name the Parker's Brazilian dumpy frog. Description ''Stereocyclops parkeri'' measure about in snout–vent length. The appearance is cryptic. Behavior ''Stereocyclops parkeri'' show defensive behavior that may enhance its cryptic appearance, giving an impression of a casually dislodged leaf: when disturbed, the individual makes a short leap, landing with its legs stretched backwards. It will then remain still, sometimes as long as 30 minutes, although it may also move a litt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereocyclops Incrassatus
''Stereocyclops incrassatus'' is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil and is known from Pernambuco and Alagoas in the north and then southward through Bahia to Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo. Earlier records from São Paulo state are now recognized as ''Stereocyclops parkeri''. Common name Brazilian dumpy frog has been coined for this species. Description The holotype, an adult male, measures in snout–vent length (SVL). In a population in Linhares observed at the time of breeding, adult males measured and females in SVL. The body is very stout. The snout is short, rounded in dorsal view but more acute in profile. The eyes are small and the tympanum is indistinct. The fingers are fairly long and have no webbing. The toes are long and have basal webbing. Skin is smooth except for a few granules on the sides. Habitat and conservation Its natural habitats are primary and secondary forests at elevations below . It is a nocturnal specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereocyclops Histrio
''Stereocyclops histrio'' is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the northeastern Bahia state of Brazil where it occurs in remnants of the Atlantic forest. After the holotype was collected in 1944, the species went unrecorded until a population was found in the Una Biological Reserve and its surroundings in 1999. It is now known from four locations. Common name Bahia yellow frog has been coined for it, perhaps in reference to the bright lemon yellow coloration of the holotype. It was the only species in the genus ''Hyophryne'' until 2012 when molecular data demonstrated that it is nested within ''Stereocyclops'' species. Description Males measure and females in snout–vent length (SVL). The body is oval, and the head is wider than it is long, truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding laterally. The eyes are small and the tympanum is indistinct. The fingers are short, robust, and without webbing. The toes are fringed and have webbing. Dorsal co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microhylidae
The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family of frogs. The 683 species are in 63 genera and 11 subfamilies, which is the largest number of genera of any frog family. Evolution A molecular phylogenetic study by van der Meijden, et al. (2007) has estimated the initial internal divergence of the family Microhylidae to have taken place about 66 million years ago, or immediately after the Cretaceous extinction event. The most recent common ancestor of the Microhylidae and their closest ranoid relatives is estimated to have lived 116 million years ago in Gondwana. Description As suggested by their name, microhylids are mostly small frogs. Many species are below in length, although some species are as large as . They can be arboreal or terrestrial, and some even live close to water. The ground-dwellers are often found under leaf litter within forests, occasionally venturing out at night to hunt. The two main shapes for the microhyli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Drinker Cope
Edward Drinker Cope (July 28, 1840 – April 12, 1897) was an American zoologist, paleontologist, comparative anatomist, herpetologist, and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of 19. Though his father tried to raise Cope as a gentleman farmer, he eventually acquiesced to his son's scientific aspirations. Cope married his cousin and had one child; the family moved from Philadelphia to Haddonfield, New Jersey, although Cope would maintain a residence and museum in Philadelphia in his later years. Cope had little formal scientific training, and he eschewed a teaching position for field work. He made regular trips to the American West, prospecting in the 1870s and 1880s, often as a member of United States Geological Survey teams. A personal feud between Cope and paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh led to a period of intense fossil-finding competition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibians Of The Atlantic Forest
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian Genera
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavicle
The clavicle, or collarbone, is a slender, S-shaped long bone approximately 6 inches (15 cm) long that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade, it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is a palpable bone and, in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible. It receives its name from the Latin ''clavicula'' ("little key"), because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured by impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit. Structure The collarbone is a thin doubly curved long bone that connects the arm to the trunk of the body. Located directly above the first rib, it acts as a strut to k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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