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Steiger (mining)
A ''Steiger'' (literally "climber") is the title of a mining foreman or mine manager, used in German-speaking Europe. He bears responsibility for part of the mine and the people subordinated to him. The name is derived from the former role of a ''Steiger'', who continually had to climb into and out of the pit.Heinrich Veith: ''Deutsches Bergwörterbuch mit Belegen.'' Verlag von Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871 The ''Steiger'' is celebrated in a very popular German mining song the so-called '' Steigerlied'' (''Glückauf, Glückauf; der Steiger kommt …''). Historical role In medieval and early modern times, the state mining regulations obliged mining companies to employ pit officials for the supervision of their mines. Until the mid-19th century, these officials were civil servants. The term ''Steiger'' for these pit officials became established very early on in the mining regulations. The hiring and firing of pit officials was the responsibility of the mining authority or ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F009345-0007, Essen, Steiger Im Stollen
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (german: Bundesarchiv) are the National Archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media (Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest documents i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technische Hochschule
A ''Technische Hochschule'' (, plural: ''Technische Hochschulen'', abbreviated ''TH'') is a type of university focusing on engineering sciences in Germany. Previously, it also existed in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands (), and Finland (, ). In the 1970s (in Germany) and the 1980s (in the Netherlands), the ''Technische Hochschule'' emerged into the (German) or (Dutch). Since 2009, several German universities of applied sciences were renamed as . Terminology In German-language countries, the term ''Hochschule'' is more general than ''Universität'' (plural: ''Universitäten'') and also encompasses universities which do not have the right to confer doctorates and habilitations, in contrast to ''Universitäten''. Today, ''Universitäten'' as well as other ''Hochschulen'' call themselves ''Technische Hochschule'' for historical reasons. However, a ''Technische Hochschule'' with the status of a ''Universität'' is regarded as a ''Technische Universität'' despite the name. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergregal
The ''Bergregal'' () was the historic right of ownership of untapped mineral resources in parts of German-speaking Europe; ownership of the ''Bergregal'' meant entitlement to the rights and royalties from mining. Historically, it was one of those privileges that constituted the original sovereign rights of the king. In addition to the ''Bergregal'', another important sovereign privilege was the ''Münzregal'' or minting rights, which was a consequence of the ''Bergregal'' since coins were minted near the mines from which their metal was obtained. History In the early days of the Roman Empire, the landowner had the right to extract minerals. The reason behind this was that mineral resources were seen as "fruit of the soil" which were deemed to belong the landowner. The first regalia, or royal privileges, emerged in the first millennium, but there was still no ''Bergregal'' governing mining rights as part of the laws regulating property. Emperors and kings, the nobility or cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berghabit
A miner's habit (german: Berghabit or ''Bergmannshabit'') is the traditional dress of miners in Europe. The actual form varies depending on the region, the actual mining function, and whether it is used for work or for ceremonial occasions. Elements At work, the miner of the Middle Ages in Europe wore the normal costume for his local region – pit trousers (''Grubenhose''), shoes and miner's jacket (''Bergkittel''). Only gradually was the typical miner's uniform created by the addition of unmistakable elements of miner's apparel such as the miner's apron (''Arschleder''), knee pads (''Kniebügel''), miner's cap (''Fahrhaube'' or ''Fahrkappe'', later pit hat (''Schachthut''), the mining tools needed for work in the pit, such as hammers (''Fäustel''), chisels (''Eisen''), wedges, picks (''Keilhauen''), hoes (''Kratze''), shovels, crowbars, pikes (''Brechstangen'') or miner's chisels (''Bergeisen''), mallets (''Schlägel'') or carpenter's hatchets, the miners' safety lam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
