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State Agricultural Farm
__NOTOC__ A State Agricultural Farm ( pl, Państwowe Gospodarstwo Rolne, PGR) was a form of collective farming in the People's Republic of Poland, similar to Soviet sovkhoz and to the East German Volkseigenes Gut. They were created in 1949 as a form of socialist ownership of agricultural land by the government. They were primarily formed on the ''Regained Territories'' - lands that Poland acquired from Germany after the Second World War - but existed throughout Poland. Some farms took over farms of monasteries, e.g. in Szczyrzyc, see the picture. Relatively inefficient and subsidized by the government, most PGRs went bankrupt quickly after the Fall of communism in Poland, fall of communism and adoption of a market economy by Poland. The state ran many specialised farms, which bred and trained horses (especially Arabians, e.g. Bask (horse), Bask), bred cows, fishes, produced certified seed and potatoes. Some of the farms were state ones before the World War II. Many of the speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gierek In Rząśnik
Gierek may refer to: People * Adam Gierek (born 1938), Polish post-communism politician and son of Edward Gierek * (born 1938), Polish ophthalmologist and professor * Edward Gierek (1913–2001), Polish communist politician * (1918–2007), wife of Edward Gierek See also * Gierek decade, in the history of Poland * Gerek, Horasan, Turkey * Gierke (other) {{dab, surname Polish-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estate (land)
An estate is a large parcel of land under single ownership, which would historically generate income for its owner. British context In the UK, historically an estate comprises the houses, outbuildings, supporting farmland, and woods that surround the gardens and grounds of a very large property, such as a country house, mansion, palace or castle. It is the modern term for a manor, but lacks a manor's now-abolished jurisdiction. The "estate" formed an economic system where the profits from its produce and rents (of housing or agricultural land) sustained the main household, formerly known as the manor house. Thus, "the estate" may refer to all other cottages and villages in the same ownership as the mansion itself, covering more than one former manor. Examples of such great estates are Woburn Abbey in Bedfordshire, England, and Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England, built to replace the former manor house of Woodstock. In a more urban context are the "Great Estates" in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grąziowa
Grąziowa ( uk, Грузьова ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne, within Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north of Ustrzyki Dolne and south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Vo .... The village has a population of 22. References Villages in Bieszczady County {{Bieszczady-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rybotycze
Rybotycze ( yi, ריבאטיטש, Ribatitch) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Fredropol, within Przemyśl County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately south-west of Fredropol, south-west of Przemyśl, and south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian .... The village has a population of 440. References Villages in Przemyśl County {{Przemyśl-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwoździany
Gwoździany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawonków, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Pawonków, west of Lubliniec, and north-west of the regional capital Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul .... References Villages in Lubliniec County {{Lubliniec-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krościenko, Bieszczady County
Krościenko ( uk, Коростенько, translit=Korosten’ko) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne, within Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, near the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately north-east of Ustrzyki Dolne and south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Vo .... The village has a population of 590. References {{Bieszczady-geo-stub Poland–Ukraine border crossings Villages in Bieszczady County ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Żelechów
Żelechów (Yiddish language, Yiddish זשעלעכאָוו) is a town in east Poland in Masovian Voivodeship in Garwolin County. It is the seat of Gmina Żelechów. Żelechów is from Warsaw and far from Lublin. More than 4000 people live in the town. It is a local centre, supporting nearby farmers and housing a few high schools. Żelechów has a recorded history that goes back over 700 years. In 1447 Żelechów gained city rights. Until World War II, it was inhabited mostly by Jews. Traces of their presence are still visible in the architecture of the town. There are a few historic buildings in the town. Geography Location Żelechów is located near border of Masovian and Lublin Voivodeships. During the period between 1975-1998 Żelechów was in Siedlce Voivodeship, Siedlce Voivodship. Before 1795, Żelechów had strong connections with Lesser Poland. So it is located between three geographical regions: Podlaskie, Lublin Voivodeship, Lubelszczyzna and Masovia. The surround ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wieżanka
Wieżanka ( uk, Вежанка, ''Vezhanka'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czyże, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship Podlaskie Voivodeship or Podlasie Province ( pl, Województwo podlaskie, ) is a voivodeship (province) in northeastern Poland. The name of the province and its territory correspond to the historic region of Podlachia. The capital and largest cit ..., in north-eastern Poland. References Villages in Hajnówka County {{Hajnówka-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Złocieniec
Złocieniec (; formerly german: Falkenburg) is a town in northwestern Poland. Located in West Pomeranian Voivodeship's Drawsko County since 1999, it was previously a part of Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998). The population of Złocieniec is around 12,000 - it is therefore the biggest town in the county (powiat). History The official town webpage states that between the 7th and 6th century BC the area of the town was the site of a village and that the area of Western Pomerania was settled by Slavs in the 6th-8th centuries. The area was part of Poland during the reign of the first Polish rulers Mieszko I and Bolesław I the Brave. In the 13th century it was the northernmost area of the Duchy of Greater Poland, a province of fragmented Poland. When the town rights were granted it's highly probable that among German inhabitants of the town were also Slavs from Budów and Strzebłów-villages that were disbanded. Town rights were granted by the brothers von Wedel on 13 December ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolegorzyn
Bolegorzyn (german: Gut Bulgrin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrowice, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania The history of Pomerania starts shortly before 1000 AD with ongoing conquests by newly arrived Polans rulers. Before that, the area was recorded nearly 2000 years ago as Germania, and in modern-day times Pomerania is split between Germany and Pol .... References Bolegorzyn {{Drawsko-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Structure
In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals. Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally related groups or sets of roles, with different functions, meanings, or purposes. Examples of social structure include family, religion, law, economy, and class. It contrasts with "social system", which refers to the parent structure in which these various structures are embedded. Thus, social structures significantly influence larger systems, such as economic systems, legal systems, political systems, cultural systems, etc. Social structure can also be said to be the framework upon which a society is established. It determines the norms and patterns of relations between the various institutions of the society. Since the 1920s, the term has been in general use in social science, especially as a variable whose sub-components needed to be disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worker
The working class (or labouring class) comprises those engaged in manual labour, manual-labour occupations or industrial work, who are remunerated via wage, waged or salary, salaried contracts. Working-class occupations (see also "Designation of workers by collar color, Designation of workers by collar colour") include Blue-collar worker, blue-collar jobs, and most Pink-collar worker, pink-collar jobs. Members of the working class rely exclusively upon earnings from wage labour; thus, according to more inclusive definitions, the category can include almost all of the working population of developed country, industrialized economies, as well as those employed in the urban areas (cities, towns, villages) of non-industrialized economies or in the rural workforce. Definitions As with many terms describing social class, ''working class'' is defined and used in many different ways. The most general definition, used by many socialism, socialists, is that the working class includes all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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