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St. Petersburg Institute For Informatics And Automation Of The Russian Academy Of Sciences
, image=, country=, website=http://www.spiiras.nw.ru/en/, zipcode=199178, coordinates=, city=Saint Petersburg, established=, research_field=computer science, intelligent automation systems, information technologies, directors=1978-1991 Ponomarev Valentin Mikhailovich 1992-now Yusupov Rafael Midhatovich, type=basic, applied, address=14th Line, 39, operating_agency=Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations of the Russian Federation (FANO) The St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPIIRAS) () is a federal state budgetary institution of science located in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was founded on December 19, 1977 by a Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The official foundation date is January 19, 1978, according to a Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The main research fields of the institute are computer science, intelligent automation systems and information technologies. The Institute is locate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Internet
The history of the Internet has its origin in information theory and the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United States and involved international collaboration, particularly with researchers in the United Kingdom and France. Computer science was an emerging discipline in the late 1950s that began to consider time-sharing between computer users, and later, the possibility of achieving this over wide area networks. J. C. R. Licklider developed the idea of a universal network at the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Independently, Paul Baran at the RAND Corporation proposed a distributed network based on data in message blocks in the early 1960s, and Donald Davies conceived o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Object Identifier
A digital object identifier (DOI) is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify various objects, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). DOIs are an implementation of the Handle System; they also fit within the URI system ( Uniform Resource Identifier). They are widely used to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, research reports, data sets, and official publications. DOIs have also been used to identify other types of information resources, such as commercial videos. A DOI aims to resolve to its target, the information object to which the DOI refers. This is achieved by binding the DOI to metadata about the object, such as a URL where the object is located. Thus, by being actionable and interoperable, a DOI differs from ISBNs or ISRCs which are identifiers only. The DOI system uses the indecs Content Model for representing metadata. The DOI for a document remains fixed over t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliographic Database
A bibliographic database is a database of bibliographic records, an organized digital collection of references to published literature, including journal and newspaper articles, conference proceedings, reports, government and legal publications, patents, books, etc. In contrast to library catalogue entries, a large proportion of the bibliographic records in bibliographic databases describe articles, conference papers, etc., rather than complete monographs, and they generally contain very rich subject descriptions in the form of keywords, subject classification terms, or abstracts. A bibliographic database may be general in scope or cover a specific academic discipline like computer science. A significant number of bibliographic databases are proprietary, available by licensing agreement from vendors, or directly from the indexing and abstracting services that create them. Many bibliographic databases have evolved into digital libraries, providing the full text of the indexed c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scopus
Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583 inactive titles) from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences. It covers three types of sources: book series, journals, and trade journals. All journals covered in the Scopus database are reviewed for sufficiently high quality each year according to four types of numerical quality measure for each title; those are ''h''-Index, CiteScore, SJR ( SCImago Journal Rank) and SNIP ( Source Normalized Impact per Paper). Searches in Scopus also incorporate searches of patent databases. Overview Comparing ease of use and coverage of Scopus and the Web of Science (WOS), a 2006 study concluded that "Scopus is easy to navigate, even for the novice user. ... The ability to search both forward and backward from a particu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulrich's Periodicals Directory
Ulrich's Periodicals Directory (, and ) is the standard library directory and database providing information about popular and academic magazines, scientific journals, newspapers and other serial publications. The print version has been published since 1932, and was founded by Carolyn F. Ulrich, chief of the periodicals division of the New York Public Library as ''Periodicals Directory: A Classified Guide to a Selected List of Current Periodicals Foreign and Domestic''. It is now also supplied on-line as Ulrichsweb, which provides web-based and Z39.50 linking to library catalogs. The online version includes over 300,000 active and current periodicals. Coverage is international, with some emphasis on English-language publications. The information is derived from the publishers and verified by the journal. It includes *ISSN *Title and previous titles *Starting date, place of publication, and publisher *Cost, availability of electronic versions, subscription terms, and approxima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Science Citation Index
Russian Science Citation Index (Russian: Российский индекс научного цитирования (РИНЦ)) is a bibliographic database of scientific publications in Russian. It holds around 13 million publications by Russian authors, and information about citing the publications from over 5000 Russian journals. The Russian Science Citation Index has been developed since 2005 by the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU. The information-analytical system Science Index is a search engine of this database; it offers a wide range of services for authors, research institutions and scientific publishers. It is designed not only for operational search for relevant bibliographic information, but is also as a powerful tool to assess the impact and effectiveness of research organizations, scientists, and the level of scientific journals, etc. Purpose From 5000 Russian academic journals, only about 500 are indexed in foreign databases (approx. 10%). Those are mainly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA ) is an United States scientific and regulatory agency within the United States Department of Commerce that forecasts weather, monitors oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charts the seas, conducts deep sea exploration, and manages fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the U.S. exclusive economic zone. Purpose and function NOAA's specific roles include: * ''Supplying Environmental Information Products''. NOAA supplies to its customers and partners information pertaining to the state of the oceans and the atmosphere, such as weather warnings and forecasts via the National Weather Service. NOAA's information services extend as well to climate, ecosystems, and commerce. * ''Providing Environmental Stewardship Services''. NOAA is a steward of U.S. coastal and marine environments. In coordination with federal, state, local, tribal and international authorities, NOAA manages the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geographic Data And Information
Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information, georeferenced data and information, as well as geodata and geoinformation. Approximately 90% of government sourced data has a location component. Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS). There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data. Fields of study Geographic data and information are the subject of a number of overlapping fields of study, mainly: * Geocomputation * Geographic information science * Geoinformatics * Geomatics * Geovisualization This is in addition to other more specific branches, such as: * Cartography * Geodesy * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VNIIPAS
The All Union Scientific Research Institute for Applied Automated Systems (VNIIPAS/ВНИИПАС) was a Soviet research institute that provided a computer network service, including international digital connections. It was the central node of inner USSR scientific data network called Academset. VNIIPAS derived from 1976-established VNIISI/ВНИИСИ which was a partner project of Austrian International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). History The IIASA at Laxenburg, Austria was created in 1972 as a joint USSR-USA effort to establish global scientific communications through the Club of Rome. VNIIPAS operated from 1982 until 1995. In 1983 VNIIPAS, Joel Schatz, Don Carlson, Michael Kleeman, Chet Watson, and George Soros created the joint telecommunication venture ''San Francisco — Moscow Teleport'' (SFMT), later known as '' Sovam Teleport'' ("Soviet-American teleport") that operated digital connections between USSR and USA and later became the SWIFT Swif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academset
Akademset (russian: Академсеть, Academic Network), or All-Union Academic network — was a computer network for providing digital connection of scientific and civil institutions across the USSR, that was established in 1978. In fact, it was a Soviet forerunner to the Internet and had a connection with ARPANET and other western analogues using the common digital standard called X.25. After dissolution of the Soviet Union it was re-created under the name ROKSON (РОКСОН),Академическая компьютерная сеть С.-Петербурга — журнал «Электросвязь» № 5, 2003 г., стр. 17. and nowadays its extant components may be considered as a |
