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Squalomorphii
Squalomorphii is a superorder of cartilaginous fishes, generally characterized by lacking traits such as an anal fin, nictitating membrane, or suborbital shelves in the cranium. Also called squalea, or squalean sharks. There are about 163 living species in 11 families. Squalean sharks are divided into four orders: the Hexanchiformes, Squaliformes, Squatiniformes, and Pristiophoriformes. Classification Order Hexanchiformes The order Hexanchiformes is a very small and primitive order consisting of cow sharks and frilled sharks. These sharks have only 1 dorsal fin, 6-7 gill slits, and no nictitating membrane on the eyes. Cow sharks are fairly large and stocky, while frilled sharks are smaller and have eel-like bodies. The oldest fossils from this order can be dated back to the mid-Jurassic. There are six living species in 4 genera, and 2 families. * Family Hexanchidae (Cow sharks) * Family Chlamydoselachidae (Frilled sharks) Order Squaliformes The order Squaliformes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (; ) is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes that have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or ''bony fishes'', which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, and a heart with its chambers in series. Extant chondrichthyes range in size from the 10 cm (3.9 in) finless sleeper ray to the 10 m (32 ft) whale shark. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates, and sawfish) and Holocephali ( chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates. Anatomy Skeleton The skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord is gradually replaced by a vertebral column during development, except in Holocephali, where the notochord stays intact. In some deepwat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiny Dogfish
The spiny dogfish (''Squalus acanthias''), spurdog, mud shark, or piked dogfish is one of the best known species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family (biology), family of sharks, which is part of the Squaliformes order. While these common names may apply to several species, ''Squalus acanthias'' is distinguished by two spines (one wikt:anterior, anterior to each dorsal fin) and no anal fin. It lives in shallow waters and further offshore in most parts of the world, especially in temperate waters. Those in the northern Pacific Ocean were reevaluated in 2010 and found to constitute a separate species, now called the Pacific spiny dogfish, Pacific spiny dogfish (''Squalus suckleyi''). Description and behaviour The spiny dogfish has dorsal fins, no anal fin, and white spots along its back. The Caudal (anatomical term), caudal fin has asymmetrical lobes, forming a heterocercal tail. The species name ''acanthias'' refers to the shark's two spines. These are used defensively. If captured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrophoridae
The Centrophoridae are a family of squaliform sharks. The family contains just two genera and about 15 species. They are sometimes called gulper sharks, but this is also the name of a specific species in the family, ''Centrophorus granulosus''. These are generally deepwater fish. While some, such as the gulper shark ''C. granulosus'', are found worldwide and fished commercially, others are uncommon and little-known. Their usual prey is other fish; some are known to feed on squid, octopus, and shrimp. Some species live on the bottom ( benthic), while others are pelagic. They are ovoviviparous, with the female retaining the egg-cases in her body until they hatch. They are small to medium sharks, ranging from in adult body length. The members of the genus '' Deania'' generally have a long flattened snout. Gulper shark (''Centrophorus granulosus'') Dumb gulper shark (''Centrophorus harrissoni'') Leafscale gulper shark (''Centrophorus squamosus'') Birdbeak dogfish ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventral
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek language, Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axis, anatomical axes. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standard vocabular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateral
Lateral is a geometric term of location which may refer to: Healthcare *Lateral (anatomy), an anatomical direction *Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle *Lateral release (surgery), a surgical procedure on the side of a kneecap Phonetics *Lateral consonant, an l-like consonant in which air flows along the sides of the tongue **Lateral release (phonetics), the release of a plosive consonant into a lateral consonant Other uses *''Lateral'', journal of the Cultural Studies Association *Lateral canal, a canal built beside another stream *Lateral hiring, recruiting that targets employees of another organization *Lateral mark, a sea mark used in maritime pilotage to indicate the edge of a channel * Lateral stability of aircraft during flight *Lateral pass, a type of pass in American and Canadian football *Lateral support (other), various meanings *Lateral thinking, the solution of problems through an indirect and creative approach *Lateral number, a proposed alternate term for imagi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pristiformes
Sawfish, also known as carpenter sharks, are a Family (biology), family of batoidea, rays characterized by a long, narrow, flattened rostrum (anatomy), rostrum, or nose extension, lined with sharp transverse plane, transverse teeth, arranged in a way that resembles a saw. They are among the largest fish with some species reaching lengths of about . They are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions in coastal Seawater, marine and brackish estuarine waters, as well as freshwater rivers and lakes. They are endangered. They should not be confused with sawsharks (order Pristiophoriformes) or the extinct Sclerorhynchoidei, sclerorhynchoids (order Rajiformes) which have a similar appearance, or swordfish (family Xiphiidae) which have a similar name but a very different appearance. Sawfishes are relatively slow breeders and the females give birth to live young. They feed on fish and invertebrates that are detected and captured with the use of their saw. They are generally h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benthic
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from ancient Greek, βένθος (bénthos), meaning "the depths." Organisms living in this zone are called benthos and include microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi) as well as larger invertebrates, such as crustaceans and polychaetes. Organisms here generally live in close relationship with the substrate and many are permanently attached to the bottom. The benthic boundary layer, which includes the bottom layer of water and the uppermost layer of sediment directly influenced by the overlying water, is an integral part of the benthic zone, as it greatly influences the biological activity that takes place there. Examples of contact soil layers include sand bottoms, rocky outcrops, coral, and bay mud. Description Oceans The benthic region of the ocean begins at the shore line (intertidal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squalidae
Squalidae, more commonly known as dogfish, dog sharks, or spiny dogfish, are one of several families of sharks categorized under Squaliformes, making it the second largest order of sharks, numbering 119 species across 7 families. Having earned their name after a group of fishermen reportedly observed the species chasing down smaller fish in dog-like packs, dogfish have slender, streamlined bodies, usually more compact in comparison to other species, and a pointed snout. Dogfish likewise have two dorsal fins, each with smooth spines, but no anal fin, and their skin is generally rough to the touch. As the species reaches adulthood, males usually measure a maximum of 39 inches (990 mm), while females typically measure 49 inches (1,200 mm) long. The species therefore exhibits female-dominant sexual dimorphism. Dogfish sharks have slate-gray or gray-brown skin with white dots that becomes paler (almost white) around the belly region. These sharks are characterized by teeth i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somniosidae
The Somniosidae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as sleeper sharks. The common name ''"sleeper shark"'' comes from their slow swimming, low activity level, and perceived non-aggressive nature. Distribution and habitat The Somniosidae can be found in: *Arctic to subantarctic waters *Shelves in cold waters *Continental and slopes *Temperate and tropical waters Diet Beaks recovered from the stomachs of sleeper sharks suggest they feed on colossal squid.Cherel, Y. & G. Duhamel 2004. ''Deep-Sea Research Part I'' 51: 17–31. Genera and species * ''Centroscymnus'' Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 ** '' Centroscymnus coelolepis'' Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (Portuguese dogfish) ** ''Centroscymnus owstonii'' Garman, 1906 (roughskin dogfish) * '' Centroselachus'' Garman, 1913 ** '' Centroselachus crepidater'' Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (longnose velvet dogfish) * ''Scymnodalatias'' Garrick, 1956 ** ''Scymnodalatias ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxynotidae
''Oxynotus'' is a genus of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as the rough sharks. It is the only extant genus in the family Oxynotidae. They live in deep waters in the Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans. Rough sharks are small to medium in size, ranging from in adult body length, depending on species. Their bodies are compressed, giving them a triangular cross-section. They have two large dorsal fins, each with a sharp spine, and with the first fin placed far forward above the head. Even more so than their relatives, the dogfishes, they have rough and prickly skin. Unusually among sharks, they also possess a luminous organ. Species * '' Oxynotus bruniensis'' Ogilby, 1893 (prickly dogfish) * '' Oxynotus caribbaeus'' Cervigón, 1961 (Caribbean roughshark) * '' Oxynotus crochardi'' * '' Oxynotus centrina'' Linnaeus, 1758 (angular roughshark) * '' Oxynotus japonicus'' Ka. Yano & Murofushi, 1985 (Japanese roughshark) * '' Oxynotus paradoxus'' Frade, 1929 (sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etmopteridae
The Etmopteridae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as lantern sharks. Their name comes from the presence of light-producing photophore A photophore is a glandular organ that appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors, ...s on their bodies. The members of this family are small, under long, and are found in deep waters worldwide. The 45 species are placed in five genera. Three-quarters of the species are in the genus ''Etmopterus''. Genera * '' Aculeola'' * '' Centroscyllium'' * '' Etmopterus'' * †'' Paraetmopterus'' * '' Trigonognathus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q720466 Shark families Taxa named by Henry Weed Fowler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
